LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE VIVA
Primary Source
"A primary source is an original work or document that provides
firsthand information, data, or evidence on a topic or subject. It is
typically created by someone with direct knowledge or experience of
the event, phenomenon, or research being described."
Examples:
- Diaries
- Letters
- Original research data
- Photographs
- Newspaper articles (at the time of the event)
- Government reports
- Speeches
- Interviews
Secondary Source
"A secondary source is a work or document that interprets, analyzes, or
summarizes primary sources. It provides secondhand information, often
with the author's own perspective, critique, or commentary."
Examples:
-Research articles
- Books
- Book reviews
- Journal articles
- Critiques
- Analyses
- Historical accounts
Tertiary Source
"A tertiary source is a work or document that compiles, summarizes, or
synthesizes information from primary and secondary sources. It
provides a broad overview or general information on a topic."
Examples:
-Encyclopedias
- Dictionaries
- Textbooks
- Almanacs
- Atlases
- Bibliographies
- Indexes
Three summaries of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system:
Summary 1: Brief Overview
The Dewey Decimal Classification system is a numerical method of organizing
books and other materials by subject. It uses a classification system from 000 to
999, with ten main classes and further subdivisions.
Summary 2: Key Features
The DDC system has the following key features:
- Numerical classification system (000-999)
- Ten main classes (000-900)
- Further subdivisions using more specific numbers
- Facilitates browsing and searching by subject
Summary 3: Main Classes
The DDC system consists of ten main classes, which are:
- 000: General works
- 100: Philosophy and psychology
- 200: Religion
- 300: Social sciences
- 400: Language
- 500: Science
- 600: Technology
- 700: Arts and recreation
- 800: Literature
- 900: History and geography
The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) system was enunciated by Melvil
Dewey in 1876.
The Colony Classification system was enunciated by S.R. Ranganathan in
1933.
Brief introduction of colon classification
Colon Classification: An Overview
The Colon Classification system was developed by Dr. S.R. Ranganathan in 1933.
It is a faceted classification system, which means it organizes subjects into
multiple, interconnected facets or categories.
Key Features
1. Faceted approach: Colon Classification uses a faceted approach to organize
subjects, allowing for more precise and nuanced classification.
2. Analytico-synthetic method: The system uses an analytico-synthetic method,
which involves breaking down complex subjects into their component parts and
then synthesizing them into a classification.
3. Use of facets: Colon Classification uses five primary facets: Personality (P),
Matter (M), Energy (E), Space (S), and Time (T).
4. Colon notation: The system uses a colon (:) to separate the different facets of
a classification.
Shelving of books
Shelving Principles
1. Classification: Books are arranged according to their subject classification
(e.g., Dewey Decimal or Library of Congress).
2. Author/Title: Books are arranged alphabetically by author or title within each
classification.
3. Chronological: Books are arranged chronologically by publication date within
each classification.
Shelving Steps
1. Gather books: Collect books to be shelved.
2. Check classification: Verify each book's classification number.
3. Arrange books: Arrange books in the correct order (classification, author/title,
chronological).
4. Shelve books: Place books on the shelf, ensuring they are:
- Upright and secure.
- Spine facing outward.
- Not overcrowded.
5. Maintain shelves: Regularly tidy and maintain shelves to ensure books remain
organized and accessible.
Circulation Service:
Definition
Circulation Service is a library service that allows users to borrow library
materials for a specific period.
Objectives
1. To provide access to library materials.
2. To promote reading and research.
3. To manage the lending and returning of library materials.
Key Functions
1. Issue/Checkout: Borrowing library materials.
2. Return/Check-in: Returning borrowed library materials.
3. Renewal: Extending the loan period of borrowed materials.
4. Reserve/Hold: Setting aside materials for users.
5. Overdue Management: Managing late returns and fines.
Benefits
1. Convenience: Users can access library materials from anywhere.
2. Accessibility: Materials are available for users with disabilities.
3. Cost-effective: Users can access materials without purchasing them.
Accession numbers:
An accession number is a unique identifier assigned to each item added to a
library's collection.
Characteristics
1. Unique: Each accession number is unique to a single item.
2. Sequential: Accession numbers are typically assigned in sequential order.
3. Permanent: Accession numbers remain with the item permanently.
overview of recording periodicals:
Recording periodicals involves documenting and maintaining accurate records of
serial publications, such as journals, magazines, and newspapers.
Benefits
1. Improved organization: Accurate and up-to-date records facilitate easy
access and management.
2. Enhanced user experience: Users can quickly locate and access periodical
issues.
3. Efficient collection management: Records inform collection development,
weeding, and preservation decisions.
What is Cataloging?
Cataloging is the process of creating and maintaining bibliographic records for
library materials, such as books, journals, and digital resources. The purpose of
cataloging is to provide accurate and consistent metadata, enabling users to
discover, identify, and access library resources efficiently.
Main entry-
In library cataloging, the main entry is the primary access point for a
bibliographic record. It represents the most important or relevant aspect of the
item being cataloged.
In library cataloging, added entries are secondary access points that provide
additional ways for users to find and access a bibliographic record. They are used
to supplement the main entry and provide more comprehensive access to the
item.
Types of Added Entries
1. Author added entry: An additional access point for an author not designated
as the main entry.
2. Title added entry: An additional access point for a title not designated as
the main entry.
3. Subject added entry: An additional access point for a subject not designated
as the main entry.
4. Series added entry: An additional access point for a series title.
In library cataloging, tracing refers to the process of recording and displaying
access points for a bibliographic record. Access points are the names, titles, and
subjects that are used to search and retrieve a record.
Types of Tracing
1. Name tracing: Recording and displaying names of authors, editors, and
contributors.
2. Title tracing: Recording and displaying titles of works, including uniform titles
and series titles.
3. Subject tracing: Recording and displaying subjects and keywords associated
with the work.
4. Series tracing: Recording and displaying series titles and numbering.
E-Granthalaya is an integrated library management software developed by the
National Informatics Centre (NIC), Government of India. It is designed to
automate and streamline library operations, making it easier for libraries to
manage their collections and provide services to users.
Key Features of E-Granthalaya
1. Cataloging: Creates and manages bibliographic records for library materials.
2. Circulation: Manages lending and borrowing of library materials.
3. Acquisitions: Manages the procurement and processing of new library
materials.
4. Serials management: Manages subscriptions and receipt of serial publications.
5. OPAC (Online Public Access Catalog): Provides users with online access to the
library catalog.
6. Reporting and analytics: Generates reports and provides insights on library
operations and usage.
Benefits of E-Granthalaya
1. Improved efficiency: Automates routine tasks, freeing up staff to focus on
more strategic activities.
2. Enhanced user experience: Provides users with easy access to library
resources and services.
3. Better collection management: Helps libraries manage their collections more
effectively, including tracking and reporting.
4. Scalability: Can be customized to meet the needs of libraries of all sizes.
ISBN stands for International Standard Book Number. It's a unique 13-digit
identifier assigned to books, e-books, and other book-like products.
Purpose of ISBN
1. Uniquely identifies a book: ISBN distinguishes one book from another,
preventing confusion and errors.
2. Facilitates book discovery: ISBN helps readers, researchers, and booksellers
find and identify books.
3. Simplifies inventory management: ISBN enables publishers, wholesalers, and
retailers to efficiently manage their book stock.
Structure of ISBN
1. 13 digits: ISBN consists of 13 digits, divided into five parts:
- Part 1: Country code (1-3 digits)
- Part 2: Publisher identifier (2-7 digits)
- Part 3: Title identifier (6-10 digits)
- Part 4: Check digit (1 digit)
2. Hyphenation: ISBN is typically hyphenated to separate the different parts.
Benefits of ISBN
1. Global recognition: ISBN is recognized worldwide, facilitating international
book trade and discovery.
2. Efficient inventory management: ISBN simplifies stock management, reducing
errors and costs.
3. Improved discoverability: ISBN helps readers find books, increasing authors'
and publishers' visibility.
ISBN is giving by at international level and national level
ISBNs (International Standard Book Numbers) are assigned by various
organizations around the world, depending on the country or region. Here are
some of the main organizations responsible for assigning ISBNs:
# International Organization
1. International ISBN Agency: The International ISBN Agency is responsible for
managing the global ISBN system and assigning ISBNs to publishers.
# Regional Organizations
1. Bowker (United States): Bowker is the official ISBN agency for the United
States.
2. Nielsen Book Services (United Kingdom): Nielsen Book Services is the official
ISBN agency for the United Kingdom.
3. Library and Archives Canada (Canada): Library and Archives Canada is the
official ISBN agency for Canada.
In India, ISBNs (International Standard Book Numbers) for books are
assigned by:
# Raja Rammohun Roy National Mission for Libraries
However, in 2022, the responsibility of assigning ISBNs in India was transferred
to:
# National Library of India, Kolkata
The National Library of India, Kolkata, is now the official ISBN registration agency
for India.
National library of science –
In India, the National Science Library is located in New Delhi. Established in 1963
by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), it serves as a central
science library, archive, and repository .
National handicapped library
The National Library for the Blind, Physically Handicapped and Visually Impaired
is located in Delhi, India
National library of India
The National Library of India is located in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West
Bengal, India.
About father of library science-
S.R. Ranganathan (1892-1972), a renowned Indian mathematician and
librarian. He is widely regarded as the "Father of Library Science" in India.
# Key Contributions
1. Five Laws of Library Science: Ranganathan formulated these laws,
which are still fundamental to library science today.
2. Colon Classification: He developed the Colon Classification system, a
faceted classification system used in many libraries.
3. Library Movement in India: Ranganathan played a crucial role in
promoting library development in India.
Five laws of library science
S.R. Ranganathan's Five Laws of Library Science, formulated in 1931, are
fundamental principles guiding library services:
# 1. Books Are for Use (Emphasizes the importance of making library
materials accessible and usable for patrons.)
# 2. Every Reader His/Her Book (Highlights the need to provide diverse
materials catering to varied tastes, interests, and reading levels.)
# 3. Every Book Its Reader (Focuses on connecting the right reader
with the right book, emphasizing reader-centric services.)
# 4. Save the Time of the Reader (Aims to minimize the time and
effort readers spend searching for information, promoting efficient library
services.)
# 5. The Library Is a Growing Organism (Recognizes libraries as
dynamic, evolving institutions that must adapt to changing user needs
and technological advancements.)
Largest library of world
The largest library in the world is the British Library, located in the United
Kingdom, with a staggering catalogued size of 170-200 million items ¹. This
iconic library is not only a treasure trove of knowledge but also a significant
cultural institution.
Other contenders for the largest libraries in the world include:
- Library of Congress, United States, with over 170 million items
- Shanghai Library, China, with 57 million items
- Library and Archives Canada, Canada, with 54 million items
- Russian State Library, Russia, with 48.1 million items
What are the diffrences between references and bibliography?
- References are a list of directly cited sources, formatted according to a specific
citation style.
- Bibliography is a comprehensive list of consulted sources, which may include
additional information and organization.
PUBLIC LIBRARIES OF LUCKNOW (HERE IS ONLY 1 LIBRARY DESCRIPTION
FIND OUT MORE LIBRARIES )
AMIR UD DAULA PUBLIC LIBRARY (KAISERBAGH)
Located in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, this library is a significant cultural and
educational hub, offering a vast collection of books, manuscripts, and other
resources.
