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Fundamentals of Object

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37 views2 pages

Fundamentals of Object

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Viral Music
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in Java"

Introduction
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects and
classes to organize and structure software programs. Java, one of the most popular
programming languages, relies heavily on OOP principles. This section covers the key
concepts of OOP, including classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and
abstraction.

Key Concepts of OOP

• Class: A blueprint for creating objects. It defines properties (fields) and methods
(functions) that the objects will have.
o Example:

java
Copy code
class Car {
String make;
String model;

void drive() {
System.out.println("The car is driving.");
}
}

• Object: An instance of a class. Objects have state and behavior as defined by the
class.
o Example:

java
Copy code
Car myCar = new Car();
myCar.make = "Toyota";
myCar.model = "Corolla";
myCar.drive();

• Inheritance: The mechanism by which one class can inherit properties and methods
from another.
o Example:

java
Copy code
class ElectricCar extends Car {
void charge() {
System.out.println("The car is charging.");
}
}

• Polymorphism: The ability of one method to take different forms. It allows for
method overriding and method overloading.
o Example:

java
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class Dog {
void speak() {
System.out.println("Bark");
}
}

class Cat extends Dog {


@Override
void speak() {
System.out.println("Meow");
}
}

• Encapsulation: The concept of bundling the data (variables) and methods that
operate on the data within a class and restricting direct access to some of the object's
components.
o Example:

java
Copy code
class Account {
private double balance;

public double getBalance() {


return balance;
}

public void deposit(double amount) {


balance += amount;
}
}

Conclusion
OOP principles provide a powerful way to structure and organize software, making it easier
to manage complex systems. Understanding these concepts is essential for any Java
programmer.

References

• Joshua Bloch (2018). Effective Java. Addison-Wesley.

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