BUILDING SERVICES 03

Module 05: BMS

What is BMS?

A building management system (BMS) is a control system that can be used to monitor and manage the mechanical, electrical and
electromechanical systems and services in a facility. Such services include
• Power systems
• Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC)
• Physical access control (turnstiles and access doors controlling who is allowed access and egress to the building)
• Security and observation systems such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), burglar alarms
• Fire safety systems
• Water pumps/ plumbing systems
• Elevators
• Smart illumination systems, lights etc.

This platform allows users to

• Modify the equipment settings from centralized or remote locations
• Inspect building conditions from centralized or remote locations
• Collect building performance data
Thus it is also called a building automation system or computerized maintenance management system. These systems collect data from
around a building or facility and monitor it for any abnormalities. If the data falls outside the predetermined ranges, indicating possible
problems, the system sends an alert to building or equipment managers. The building management system also features analytics
capabilities, allowing operators to process building data to optimize energy consumption profiles, improve building safety and create a
more optimal working environment for occupants.
Basic functions of BMS

• Controlling
• Monitoring
• Optimizing
• Scheduling

Working of BMS

A basic BMS consists of software, a server with a database and smart sensors connected to an internet-capable network. Smart sensors
and other smart building technology around the facility gather data and send it to the BMS, where it's stored in a database. Data is
analyzed and reported via dashboards. If a sensor reports data that falls outside the predefined conditions, the BMS will send
notifications. For example, a data center BMS might trigger an alarm when the temperature in a server rack exceeds acceptable limits, or
water has accumulated on the floor.
Lighting Controls- Dimming

GROUP CABLING CONTROLLER

SUB TYPE DESCRIPTION / HOW IT WORKS
REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS

Dedicated phase dimming

Mains /
controller such as a rotary
Phase Consists of adjusting the leading edge of the Standard live neutral
Leading Edge dimmer, or a Lutron-style
Dimming mains power sine wave. earth
system with phase dimming
outputs.

Dedicated phase dimming

Mains / Consists of adjusting the trailing edge of the
controller such as a rotary
Phase Trailing Edge mains power sine wave. Commonly used for Standard live neutral
dimmer, a Lutron-style
Dimming LED bulbs earth
system with phase dimming
outputs, or a Casambi TED.

Dedicated system with

Mains /
autosensing of load type,
Phase Consists of adjusting the mains power sine Standard live neutral
Adaptive and capability to provide
Dimming wave earth
either leading or trailing edge
dimmed supply.

Standard live, neutral and

Consists of a DC voltage control signal between Dedicated system with 0-10v
earth, with extra two core
0-10v, which corresponds to the desired output for desired drivers. All
Analogue 0-10v cable for positive and
brightness. Used in older drivers, not very drivers connected to that
negative 0-10v signal, to
common any more. cable will get the same
each group of loads that
signal.
require unique dimming.
 Standard live, neutral and
Digital SwitchDim / The simplest form of digital control, using an earth, with additional live Retractive switch to send
TouchDim additional mains wiring core to dim up or down core to driver for dimming mains signal to the driver.
signal.

DSI stands for Digital Serial Interface was the

precursor to DALI, developed by Tridonic in
Standard live, neutral and
Austria, and consists of a digital signal to all
Digital earth, with additional two Dedicated system with DSI
DSI connected drivers, with a dim level. This enables
core cable to the driver for output.
the user to group luminaires, operate daylight
the dimming signal.
linked dimming and other controllable options.
Not commonly used, as superseded by DALI.

DALI stands for Digitally Addressable Lighting

Interface. DALI is a recognised standard
employed by all driver manufacturers that offer
DALI drivers. This system assigns an individual
address to each luminaire i.e. 001, 002, 003 and
so on, allowing unique control of each individual Standard live, neutral and
Dedicated system with DALI
Digital luminaire. DALI can offer two-way earth, with additional two
DALI output such as Tridonic
communication between the luminaire and the core cable to the driver for
SceneCOM or SceneCOM S.
master controller which provides valuable the dimming signal.
information and reports such as operating status
of individual luminaires, emergency lighting etc.
DALI is an open protocol managed by the DALI
Alliance, so any device manufacturer can certify
their products to the standard.
 Standard live, neutral and
earth, with additional two
core cable to the driver for
DMX stands for Digital Multiplex and is another
the dimming signal.
protocol used for addressing devices and giving
Generally this two core is
Digital them unique control signals. The signal is Dedicated system
DMX-512 best in twisted pair cable
unidirectional, meaning it only travels in one
or CAT5. DMX group
direction - from the controller or first light, all the
cabling may also require
way to the last. DMX is an open protocol also.
terminators at the end of
the cabling run.
Surveillance and Security- CCTV and IP camera system

IP Cameras Analogue Cameras

•latest/current technology •seen as ‘traditional technology’

•limited access to advanced analytics, as many of these features are

•includes advanced analytics such as facial and licence processed at the level of the camera (not possible with analogue
plate recognition cameras)

•sends video over cable to DVRs, or in some cases can work

•sends signals over cable to be stored in a NVR, or can work
wirelessly (wireless analogue cameras often have compromised
wirelessly
resolution)

•use coaxial cable

•this type of cable is wider and more rigid, therefore making it more
difficult to run cables in tight spaces
•use Cat5e cable
•coaxial cables consist of two separate cables encased in one
•Ethernet cables such as Cat5e are thinner and more flexible than
covering – the cables separate each end to provide separate
coaxial cables, and can be easily run in tighter spaces
functions: one to power the CCTV system, and one to carry the
•PoE (Power over Ethernet) networking feature allows Cat5e cables
information from the camera to the DVR. As such, you’ll need to
to carry electrical power over an existing data connection
install your DVR recorder near a power outlet, splitters are also
needed to provide power to each camera
•cables need to run between every camera and the recorder
 •have overall lower video quality, but perform better in low light
•provide overall higher video quality conditions
•offer more site ranges •have more limited site ranges (wide or narrow field of view) and don’t
•have better zoom in capabilities offer the same zoom in clarity as IP cameras (zoom in quality is poor
•better at facial recognition and detecting number plates because analogue cameras have traditionally been restricted to low
resolutions such as 720MP or 1MP)
•pose physical security concerns
•may pose cyber security concerns
•Analogue cameras are more vulnerable to security breaches because
•IP cameras encrypt and compress data before transmitting it over the
footage stored on a DVR can be physically stolen
internet and are therefore footage is less susceptible to physical
•analogue video feeds are also not encrypted
tampering
•if footage is backed up on the cloud it may be vulnerable to hacking
•live camera feeds can also be hacked

•Suitable for recording audio •Limited in ability to record audio

NVR (Network Video Recorder) DVR (Digital Video Recorder)

Compatible with IP cameras Compatible with Analogue cameras

Process video data at the recorder, an analogue signal is streamed to
Encode and process video data at the camera, data is then streamed to the recorder and this is where the image is processed (footage typically
the NVR recorder which is only used for storage and remote viewing cannot be viewed and stored remotely – must be stored and viewed
onsite )
Wired or wireless system Wired system
Requires more complex and therefore more expensive cameras (IP Requires less complex and therefore cheaper cameras (Analogue
cameras) cameras)
Each camera only needs to be connected to the same network The user must connect every camera to the recorder
• Turnstiles, boom barriers,
• Intruder alarm systems
• Door access system + Biometric attendance systems + RFID card lock system etc.