-----------------------Вопрос 1-----------------------

Which drug is used for achalasia cardia? (PGI 88)

-----------------------Вопрос 2-----------------------
Corkscrew esophagus is seen in which of the following
conditions?

-----------------------Вопрос 3-----------------------
Which one of the following is not used as primary treatment of achalasia cardia:

-----------------------Вопрос 4-----------------------
The main signs for diagnosis of GERD is:

-----------------------Вопрос 5-----------------------
The most important pathophysiological cause of GERD is:
.

-----------------------Вопрос 6-----------------------
. Nissen’s fundoplication is the treatment for

-----------------------Вопрос 7-----------------------
The most common type of TEF/TOF:

-----------------------Вопрос 8-----------------------
. Esophageal atresia is commonly associated with:

-----------------------Вопрос 9-----------------------
Fundoplication is used in treatment of:

-----------------------Вопрос 10-----------------------
Most useful investigation in sliding hernia of female:
-----------------------Вопрос 11-----------------------
. Which of the following is true about hiatus hernia:

-----------------------Вопрос 12-----------------------
The most common side of squamous cell carcinoma oesophagus is:

Различают (по Аллену ):

-----------------------Вопрос 14-----------------------
.T staging of oesophagus is best done by

-----------------------Вопрос 15-----------------------
Barium swallow xray findings of Ca oesohagus are all except

-----------------------Вопрос 16-----------------------
Malignant tracheo-oesophageal fistula is best treated by;

-----------------------Вопрос 17-----------------------
The adenocarcinoma of esophagus develops in:

-----------------------Вопрос 18-----------------------
. Which is not used in palliation in CA esophagus?

-----------------------Вопрос 19-----------------------
. Treatment of choice for CA esophagus:

-----------------------Вопрос 20-----------------------
Treatment of advanced esophageal cancer is: (DNB 2006)

-----------------------Вопрос 21-----------------------
. Which is the best substitute for esophagus?

-----------------------Вопрос 22-----------------------
Ivor Lewis operation is the treatment of choice for cancer
involving _____ esophagus

-----------------------Вопрос 23-----------------------
Commonest cause for mortality in Ivor Levis operations:

-----------------------Вопрос 24-----------------------
. Which of the following operations was first described by
Orringer?

-----------------------Вопрос 25-----------------------
Which structure crosses the esophagus at 25 cm from the incisor teeth?

-----------------------Вопрос 26-----------------------
Distance between upper incisors and gastro esophageal junction is:

-----------------------Вопрос 27-----------------------
Narrowest part of oesophagus

-----------------------Вопрос 28-----------------------
. All are true about achalasia except:

-----------------------Вопрос 29-----------------------
Increasing difficulty in swallowing both for solids and liquids in a woman with bird’s beak appearance in X-ray.

-----------------------Вопрос 30-----------------------
. Treatment for achalasia associated with high rate of
recurrence:
-----------------------Вопрос 31-----------------------
The most common cause of gastrointestinal bleeding

-----------------------Вопрос 32-----------------------
. the Leading signs of the disease in the diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease are

-----------------------Вопрос 33-----------------------
Differentiate acute pancreatitis and perforated gastric ulcer will allow:

-----------------------Вопрос 34-----------------------
a congenital hernia is indicated by the presence in the hernia SAC:

-----------------------Вопрос 35-----------------------
during surgery for a strangulated hernia as opposed to a non strangulated hernia it is necessary:

-----------------------Вопрос 36-----------------------
a congenital hernia is indicated by the presence in the hernia SAC:

-----------------------Вопрос 37-----------------------
what is achalasia cardia:

-----------------------Вопрос 38-----------------------
Specify the process that can not be the cause of gastroesophageal reflux

-----------------------Вопрос 39-----------------------
Specify the mechanism that does not prevent reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus:

-----------------------Вопрос 40-----------------------
Patient underwent Nissen surgery. Under what pathology applies this operation - its the crux of the
-----------------------Вопрос 41-----------------------
what is type II Crohn's Disease

-----------------------Вопрос 42-----------------------
Patient D., 47 years old, was taken to the emergency Department with complaints of repeated bloody vomiting
and black stools, loss of consciousness, severe weakness and dizziness. Ulcer history for 5 years. On admission,
the condition is severe, pulse 100 beats per minute, blood PRESSURE 80/40 mm Hg. white, pale. In the blood test
er. 2, 2h1012, Hb 80, hematocrit 30. With emergency EFGDS, a chronic callus ulcer of the stomach body with a
diameter of up to 3 cm, covered with a loose red thrombus, was revealed. Your tactics?

-----------------------Вопрос 43-----------------------
Patient, 30 years old, came with complaints of "dagger" pain throughout the abdomen, nausea, weakness.
Objectively: the General condition is serious. Tongue dry, abdomen is tense. In the act of respiration is not
involved. On palpation of the abdomen is tense, sharply painful around the abdomen. Hepatic dullness is not
defined. Symptom shchetkin-Blumberg sharply positive in all parts of the abdomen. Your presumed diagnosis?

-----------------------Вопрос 44-----------------------
when choosing the type of surgical aid for perforated gastric ulcer is usually guided by:

-----------------------Вопрос 45-----------------------
What operation is indicated for a patient with type II gastric ulcer?

-----------------------Вопрос 46-----------------------
Patient 49 years old operated for bleeding with perforation 5 years ago, notes pain similar to the previous,
ulcerative, but localized in the epigastric region on the left. Notes vomiting at the height of pain and weight loss.
Conservative treatment is not effective. In Calais, the Gregersen reaction (+++). What disease should be
suspected in the first place?

-----------------------Вопрос 47-----------------------
Patient S., 34 years old complains of pain in the epigastric region with irradiation to the lumbar region on an
empty stomach and after eating 2 hours, despite the therapy, notes frequent exacerbations of the disease, in the
last month the pain began to be permanent. Your preliminary diagnosis:

-----------------------Вопрос 48-----------------------
Choose the best option of surgery for duodenal ulcer complicated by pyloroduodenal stenosis in the
subcompensation stage:

-----------------------Вопрос 49-----------------------
on the x-ray of the patient's stomach, the following data are available:Establish a diagnosis:

-----------------------Вопрос 50-----------------------
a Patient of 44 years complained of intense bursting pains of a cramping nature in the epigastric region after
eating, daily vomiting with an admixture of bile bringing relief. A history of gastric resection by Billroth II for
duodenal ulcer. The mass deficit of more than 10 kg. Your preliminary diagnosis tactics:

-----------------------Вопрос 51-----------------------
the patient With 46 years endoscopically revealed a deep defect of the mucosa of 1.5 x 1.5 cm of the cardiac
Department of the stomach. What method of treatment of the stomach is preferable?

-----------------------Вопрос 52-----------------------
. Dumping syndrome is due to:

-----------------------Вопрос 53-----------------------
. Which is not true about dumping syndrome?

-----------------------Вопрос 54-----------------------
. Dumping syndrome is characterized by all of the following except:

-----------------------Вопрос 55-----------------------
Most common cause of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding is:

-----------------------Вопрос 56-----------------------
. BLEED risk criteria include all except:

-----------------------Вопрос 57-----------------------
. In case of Upper GI bleeding, all are true about endoscopy except:
-----------------------Вопрос 58-----------------------
. Investigation of choice for Upper GI bleeding :

-----------------------Вопрос 59-----------------------
Investigation of choice in peptic ulcer perforation is:

-----------------------Вопрос 60-----------------------
. Posterior perforation of peptic ulcer drain into:

-----------------------Вопрос 61-----------------------
Peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer is best detected by:

-----------------------Вопрос 62-----------------------
For locally invasive gastric carcinoma; Investigation of choice to know depth of cancer invasion:

-----------------------Вопрос 63-----------------------
Most common cause of Krukenberg’s tumor is:

-----------------------Вопрос 64-----------------------
150. All are true about gastric carcinoma except:

-----------------------Вопрос 65-----------------------
Which of the following anemia is a risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma?

-----------------------Вопрос 66-----------------------
According to Borrmann’s classification; Linitus plastica means
-----------------------Вопрос 67-----------------------
Sister Joseph’s nodule may indicated cancer of all the following except:

-----------------------Вопрос 68-----------------------
Which of the following statements about gastric carcinoma are true?

-----------------------Вопрос 69-----------------------
) Commonest cause of abdominal pain and abdominal emergency

-----------------------Вопрос 70-----------------------
Commonest position of appendix is

-----------------------Вопрос 71-----------------------
Which of following is the correct blood supply of the appendix?

-----------------------Вопрос 72-----------------------
during cholecystectomy, the surgeon found that the hepaticocholedochus was expanded to 2.5 cm with many
palpable stones in the lumen. How should the operation be completed?

-----------------------Вопрос 73-----------------------
in a patient with ERCP, the common bile duct in the middle third is represented by a contrasted cavity formation
of 12x8 cm in size, below which the narrowing of the duct is determined, bilirubin is increased to 45.3 mmol/L.
the Optimal operation will be

-----------------------Вопрос 74-----------------------
Patient M., 57 years old complains of acute colicky pain in the right hypochondrium with irradiation into the
scapula, darkening the color of urine. Sclera icteric. She had a cholecystectomy three years ago. What is the
most likely disease in the patient?

-----------------------Вопрос 75-----------------------
the Patient complains of pain in the right hypochondrium, chills, fever. History of surgery on the biliary tract.
What was the reason for the development of this clinical picture?

-----------------------Вопрос 76-----------------------
patient N., 75 years old, after undergoing a cholecystectomy 3 years ago, developed jaundice after several bouts
of pain. MRI revealed a concretion up to 9 mm in the terminal Department of the choledochus. What treatment is
indicated?

-----------------------Вопрос 77-----------------------
If in the near postoperative period after cholecystectomy there was a growing jaundice, with ultrasound
intrahepatic ducts up to 4-5 mm, choledoch 5 mm, then you should think about

-----------------------Вопрос 78-----------------------
Patient M. 52 years with postcholecystectomy syndrome is operated a year after removal of the calculus from
the choledoch. The patient has intermittent jaundice for two months. What is the most informative method of
diagnosis to be carried out to avoid repeating the error?

-----------------------Вопрос 79-----------------------
in a 67 year old patient after a cholecystectomy 3 years agojaundice developed after several bouts of pain in the
right hypochondrium. What changes of indicators will be characteristic at laboratory research?

-----------------------Вопрос 80-----------------------
in a 70-year-old patient with ERCP, the expansion of the choledoch to 1.7 cm, multiple filling defects were
revealed. A history of cholecystectomy 4 years ago. What operation should be performed?

-----------------------Вопрос 81-----------------------
Hypoalbuminemia, secondary hyperaldosteronism, portal hypertension are the cause

-----------------------Вопрос 82-----------------------
to determine the functional state of the liver in patients with cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension
syndrome is used

-----------------------Вопрос 83-----------------------
Which of the following operations in portal hypertension are aimed at improving liver regeneration?

-----------------------Вопрос 84-----------------------
endoscopically established bleeding from esophageal varicose veins. The gastric mucosa is not changed. Which
of these methods of hemostasis can be used in any medical institution?
-----------------------Вопрос 85-----------------------
the patient K., 15 years according to FGDs varicose veins of the esophagus and signs of splenomegaly at
ultrasound, a history of repeated bleeding, the phenomenon of hypersplenism. What operation is aimed at
reducing portal hypertension and the elimination of hypersplenism?

-----------------------Вопрос 86-----------------------
the patient sh., 46 years, cirrhosis of the liver for 4 years. With ultrasound, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and
moderate ascites. A history of bleeding from esophageal varicose veins. What more effective treatment should
be used to prepare for liver transplantation and why?

-----------------------Вопрос 87-----------------------
What study can differentiate echinococcosis of the liver from a tumor of the lower lobe of the right lung:

-----------------------Вопрос 88-----------------------
the most effective method of immunological diagnosis of echinococcosis and alveococcosis

-----------------------Вопрос 89-----------------------
the Most informative and noninvasive research method for the diagnosis of liver echinococcosis

-----------------------Вопрос 90-----------------------
the most frequent complication of echinococcosis

-----------------------Вопрос 91-----------------------
And the Patient, 45 years of age. Complaints about: bleeding that occurs during defecation, itching of the
perianal area, pain in the anus, painful "bumps" in the anal canal. Anamnesis morbi: suffers from Chronic
hemorrhoids for 2 years. The last 6 months are concerned about bleeding and loss of hemorrhoids. Turned to the
clinic at the place of residence. Aimed at a planned surgical treatment in MC Semey state medical University.
Examined by a surgeon and hospitalized in x/o for surgical treatment. Anamnesis vitae: B-Botkin, tuberculosis,
veins.he denies it. Food and drug allergies are not noted. Status localis: in the position of the patient on the back
at 3,7,11 hours, there are external hemorrhoids of 1,5x1,0x2,5 cm in size.rectum: Internal hemorrhoids at 3,7,11
cm in size 2, 5x2, 0x2, 5 cm freely fall out of the anus. Expected operation

-----------------------Вопрос 92-----------------------
Patient A, 45 years. Complaints about: bleeding that occurs during defecation, itching of the perianal area, pain
in the anus, painful "bumps" in the anal canal. Anamnesis morbi: suffers from Chronic hemorrhoids for 2 years.
The last 6 months are concerned about bleeding and loss of hemorrhoids. Turned to the clinic at the place of
residence. Aimed at a planned surgical treatment in MC Semey state medical University. Examined by a surgeon
and hospitalized in x/o for surgical treatment. Anamnesis vitae: B-Botkin, tuberculosis, veins.he denies it. Food
and drug allergies are not noted. Status localis: in the position of the patient on the back at 3,7,11 hours, there
are external hemorrhoids of 1,5x1,0x2,5 cm in size.rectum: Internal hemorrhoids at 3,7,11 cm in size 2, 5x2, 0x2,
5 cm freely fall out of the anus. Reduce the manifestation of symptoms of hemorrhoids will help

-----------------------Вопрос 93-----------------------
Ligation of hemorrhoids with latex rings. This method applies

-----------------------Вопрос 94-----------------------
After discharge from the hospital, the patient who was treated for acute paraproctitis, after 2 months, the
transition to a chronic form was established. What was the cause?

-----------------------Вопрос 95-----------------------
the Clinical picture is due to bursting pain in the perineum, increased body, deterioration of the General
condition due to intoxication:

-----------------------Вопрос 96-----------------------
In what thyroid disease is an early sign of muscle weakness, which patients regard as fatigue or General
weakness?

-----------------------Вопрос 97-----------------------
What operation is indicated for a patient with nodular hyperthyroid goiter of the left lobe of the thyroid gland?

-----------------------Вопрос 98-----------------------
True about appendicular mass is all except:

-----------------------Вопрос 99-----------------------
True statement about appendix:

-----------------------Вопрос 100-----------------------
. Aaron’s sign is seen in:
-----------------------Вопрос 101-----------------------
Gold standard diagnostic test for acute appendicitis in adult is

-----------------------Вопрос 102-----------------------
Polyp associated with highest risk of malignant transformation is:

-----------------------Вопрос 103-----------------------
Which of the following is not true about FAP?

-----------------------Вопрос 104-----------------------
Most common associated cancer in FAP:

-----------------------Вопрос 105-----------------------
. Following genetic counseling in a family for Familial polyposis coli, next screening test is:

-----------------------Вопрос 106-----------------------
Which method is the most informative in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis:

-----------------------Вопрос 107-----------------------
Contraindications to emergency appendectomy are:

-----------------------Вопрос 108-----------------------
Acute appendicitis is not characterized by a symptom:

-----------------------Вопрос 109-----------------------
The symptoms of appendicular infiltrate are all except:

-----------------------Вопрос 110-----------------------
With widespread purulent peritonitis of appendicular origin, apply:

-----------------------Вопрос 111-----------------------
You are operating on a patient for acute appendicitis. Opening of the abdominal cavity revealed acute
phlegmonous appendicitis, the dome of the left intestine was not changed. Choose the most rational way of
processing the stump of the appendix when performing appendectomy.
-----------------------Вопрос 112-----------------------
When examining the patient, you have established a diagnosis of "acute appendicitis", there are no peritoneal
symptoms. To perform an appendectomy, the optimal access will be:

-----------------------Вопрос 113-----------------------
The development of the pathological process in acute appendicitis begins:

-----------------------Вопрос 114-----------------------
Meckel's diverticulum arises: a. On the jejunum. b. On the ileum. v. On the ascending colon. d. As a result of non-
growth of the vaginal process of the peritoneum. e. Due to non-closure of the ventricular duct. Choose the best
combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 115-----------------------
. In acute appendicitis, the following symptoms can be observed: A. Shchetkin-Blumberg. b. Voskresensky. v.
Mayo-Robson. Rovzinga.d. Sitkovsky. Choose the best combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 116-----------------------
Primary gangrenous appendicitis develops due to:

-----------------------Вопрос 117-----------------------
At an outpatient appointment, you suspected a patient with acute catarrhal appendicitis. What is advisable to
undertake:

-----------------------Вопрос 118-----------------------
Perforated appendicitis is characterized by a combination of the following symptoms: a. The presence of free gas
in the abdominal cavity. b. Decreased circulating blood volume. v. Sudden increase in abdominal pain. d. The
tension of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall. e. Positive symptom of Shchetkin-Blumberg. Choose the
best combination of answers: .

-----------------------Вопрос 119-----------------------
For the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and right-sided renal colic, you will undertake: a. The
introduction of antispasmodics. b. Administration of narcotic pain medications. v. Urine urine examination. d.
Excretory urography or chromocystoscopy. e. An-hygrography of the renal arteries. Choose the best combination
of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 120-----------------------
When carrying out a differential diagnosis between acute cholecystitis and acute appendicitis with a high
location of the appendix, first of all, it is necessary to perform:

-----------------------Вопрос 121-----------------------
The operation of appendectomy in a patient with acute appendicitis is contraindicated for:

-----------------------Вопрос 122-----------------------
The Kocher-Volkovich symptom is:

-----------------------Вопрос 123-----------------------
Obraztsov's symptom is characteristic for:
-----------------------Вопрос 124-----------------------
Emergency surgery is not indicated for the following pathology: a. Acute gangrenous appendicitis. b. Acute
catarrhal appendicitis. c) Appendicular infiltration. d. Covered perforation of the duodenal ulcer with a disease
prescription over 72 hours without symptoms of peritonitis. Edematous acute pancreatitis. The correct one will
be:

-----------------------Вопрос 125-----------------------
. In the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and a covered perforated duodenal ulcer, you should apply: A.
Gastroduodenoscopy. b. Plain X-ray of the abdominal cavity. Abdominal ultrasonography. g. Laparoscopy. e. X-ray
scopy of the stomach with barium sulfate. Check the best combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 126-----------------------
When examining a patient in a polyclinic, the doctor, on the basis of the clinical picture of the disease,
established the diagnosis - "acute appendicitis", did not cause any doubts. After 3 hours, when examined in the
surgical department, the patient's condition subjectively improved, independent pains in the right iliac region do
not bother, but all other signs of acute appendicitis persist. Why did the pain decrease?

-----------------------Вопрос 127-----------------------
In acute appendicitis, symptoms are observed: a. Shchetkin-Blumberg. b. Bartomier-Michelson. v. Kocher-
Volkovich. Rovzinga. Murphy. Choose the correct combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 128-----------------------
Operation for acute appendicitis should be performed under local anesthesia in the following case:

-----------------------Вопрос 129-----------------------
You must operate on a patient with a typical picture of acute appendicitis. What kind of operative access is
advisable to perform an appendectomy in this case?

-----------------------Вопрос 130-----------------------
Ligature appendectomy is used in the following cases:

-----------------------Вопрос 131-----------------------
The most informative method in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and impaired ectopic pregnancy
is:
Puncture of the posterior vaginal fornix.

-----------------------Вопрос 132-----------------------
Surgical intervention for acute appendicitis is contraindicated in the case of:

-----------------------Вопрос 133-----------------------
A 76-year-old patient with transmural myocardial infarction is diagnosed with acute appendicitis. What should
you do?

-----------------------Вопрос 134-----------------------
In acute catarrhal appendicitis, the following measures are taken:
-----------------------Вопрос 135-----------------------
Acute appendicitis is not characterized by a symptom:

-----------------------Вопрос 136-----------------------
Acute appendicitis should be differentiated by all of the diseases listed, except:

-----------------------Вопрос 137-----------------------
Clinically acute appendicitis can be mistaken for: 1. salpingitis;

-----------------------Вопрос 138-----------------------
Primary gangrenous appendicitis most often occurs in:

-----------------------Вопрос 139-----------------------
Acute appendicitis in children differs from that in adults in all but:

-----------------------Вопрос 140-----------------------
During surgery for acute appendicitis in the elderly, it is advisable to use:

-----------------------Вопрос 141-----------------------
Perforated appendicitis is characterized by:

-----------------------Вопрос 142-----------------------
For the diagnosis of acute appendicitis are not used:

-----------------------Вопрос 143-----------------------
Contraindications to emergency appendectomy are:

-----------------------Вопрос 144-----------------------
The optimal length of a skin incision for appendectomy in an adult is:

-----------------------Вопрос 145-----------------------
Lavage of the abdominal cavity is indicated for:

-----------------------Вопрос 146-----------------------
Typical complications of acute appendicitis are all except:

-----------------------Вопрос 147-----------------------
Douglas space abscess after appendectomy is characterized by all signs, except:

-----------------------Вопрос 148-----------------------
The symptoms of appendicular infiltrate are all except:

-----------------------Вопрос 149-----------------------
The most important in the diagnosis of Douglas space abscess is:
-----------------------Вопрос 150-----------------------
The development of the pathological process in acute appendicitis begins:

-----------------------Вопрос 151-----------------------
What passes in the inguinal canal in men:

-----------------------Вопрос 152-----------------------
With a strangulated abdominal hernia, regardless of the patient's condition, it is shown:

-----------------------Вопрос 153-----------------------
Is the transverse fascia involved in creating the wall of the inguinal canal and what:.

-----------------------Вопрос 154-----------------------
For postoperative ventral hernia, it is characteristic:

-----------------------Вопрос 155-----------------------
What sign distinguishes an external hernia of the abdomen from eventration:

-----------------------Вопрос 156-----------------------
Richter's infringement includes:

-----------------------Вопрос 157-----------------------
A patient with a hernia of the white line of the abdomen is subjected to fluoroscopy of the stomach or
gastroscopy in order to: a. Determination of the nature of the organ in the hernial sac. b. Revealing the size of
the hernial orifice. v. Revealing preperitoneal lipoma. d. Identification of concomitant pathology of the
stomach. It will be correct:

-----------------------Вопрос 158-----------------------
The hernial sac of a congenital inguinal hernia is: 1. Parietal peritoneum.

-----------------------Вопрос 159-----------------------
When formulating the diagnosis: "... the patient has a clinical picture of a direct reducible congenital inguinal-
scrotal hernia ..." the doctor made the following inaccuracies: a. A direct hernia is not congenital. b. Straight
hernia cannot descend into the scrotum. v. Direct hernia is not impaired. Recoverable hernia is not congenital. e.
Inguinal-scrotal hernia can be reducible. Choose the correct combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 160-----------------------
The characteristic signs of an oblique inguinal hernia are: a. The hernial sac is located in the thickness of the
spermatic cord. b. The hernial sac is located medially from the spermatic cord. v. The hernia is often two-sided.
d. The hernia may descend into the scrotum. e. Hernia may be congenital. Choose the correct combination of
answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 161-----------------------
Choose the methods of hernia orifice repair used for femoral hernia: a. Mayo. b. Ruggi-Parlavecchio. v. Bassini.
Martynova, D. Postempsky. Choose the correct combination of answers: 1. + b, c. 2. 3. in, G. 4.
-----------------------Вопрос 162-----------------------
A patient with myocardial infarction had an infringement of an inguinal hernia 12 hours ago. What should be
done?

-----------------------Вопрос 163-----------------------
Indicate the signs of a restrained hernia: a. It is possible to determine the dimensions of the ridge gate. b. Sharp
pain in the area of hernial protrusion. c) Irreparable hernia. d. Dense consistency of hernial protrusion. e. Positive
symptom of "cough impulse". Choose the correct combination of answers: 1. 2. . 3. + 4. .

-----------------------Вопрос 164-----------------------
Hernias of the white line of the abdomen are usually located above the navel due to: 1. Features of blood
circulation and innervation; 2. 3. 4. + 5. 6. .

-----------------------Вопрос 165-----------------------
To isolate a hernial sac with a straight inguinal hernia, it is necessary: a. Dissect the aponeurosis of the external
oblique muscle of the abdomen. b. Dissect the transverse fascia. v. Isolate the hernial sac from the elements of
the spermatic cord. d. Dissect the levator muscle, the testicle. e. Separate the hernial sac from the testicle. It will
be correct:

-----------------------Вопрос 166-----------------------
The Bassini method for oblique inguinal hernia consists of the following stages: a. Opening of the aponeurosis of
the external oblique muscle of the abdomen b. Narrowing of the inner inguinal ring, plastic of the posterior wall
of the inguinal canal. v. Formation of duplication of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscles of the
abdomen. d. Moving the spermatic cord under the skin. The hernial sac is not excised, only stitched at the cervix.
Choose the correct combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 167-----------------------
The producing factors in the development of external abdominal hernias are
are: a. Advanced age of patients. b. Progressive weight loss. c. Features of the anatomical structure of the
abdominal wall. d. Diseases that increase intra-abdominal pressure. Hard physical work. Choose the correct
combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 168-----------------------
A 60-year-old patient with prostate adenoma has a direct inguinal hernia. The amount of residual urine is 100 ml.
What is your recommendation?

-----------------------Вопрос 169-----------------------
A patient with a strangulated inguinal hernia during transportation to the surgical department had a
spontaneous reduction of the hernial contents. What is your next tactic?

-----------------------Вопрос 170-----------------------
A sliding hernia is:

-----------------------Вопрос 171-----------------------
The operation for a restrained inguinal hernia is as follows: a. The operation is performed under endotracheal
anesthesia. b. The skin incision is made parallel and slightly above the pupar ligament. One of the first stages of
the operation is the dissection of the hernial orifice, and then the hernial sac is opened. d. One of the first stages
of the operation is to open the hernial sac, and then dissect the external inguinal ring. e. Initially, a median
laparotomy is performed. Indicate the correct combination of answers:
-----------------------Вопрос 172-----------------------
Plasty of the inguinal canal according to Bassini with a direct inguinal hernia consists in: a. Fixation of the edges
of the internal oblique and transverse muscles with
transverse fascia to the inguinal ligament behind the spermatic cord. b. Ligation of the spermatic cord with two
ligatures without ligation of its vessels. c. Fixation of the rectus sheath to the inguinal ligament in the pubic
tubercle region. Duplication of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle is created in the back of the
spermatic cord. The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle is sutured in front of the spermatic cord. Choose
the correct combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 173-----------------------
The femoral triangle includes the following anatomical structures: a. Pupart ligament. b. Lacunar ligament. v.
Cooper's ligament. d. scallop ligament. e. Muscle, vascular and lymphatic lacunae. Choose the correct
combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 174-----------------------
A hernia, in which only part of the intestinal wall is infringed, is called:

-----------------------Вопрос 175-----------------------
Select the main symptom of a sliding hernia:

-----------------------Вопрос 176-----------------------
With an oblique inguinal hernia, it is advisable to perform plastic surgery of the inguinal canal by the method: a.
Sapezhko. b. Mayo. v. Bassini-Postempsky. Girara-Spasokukotsky. D. Bassini. Indicate the correct combination of
answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 177-----------------------
A restrained femoral hernia must be differentiated from the following diseases: a. Inguinal lymphadenitis. b.
Femoral lymphadenitis. c) Cold tuberculous congestion abscess. d. Restrained inguinal hernia -Ms. e.
Thrombophlebitis of varicose veins in the region of the mouth of the great saphenous vein of the thigh. Indicate
the best combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 178-----------------------
During an operation for a restrained hernia, when the hernial sac was opened, no contents were found in it. The
wall of the sac is edematous, hyperemic. It contains 40 ml of inflammatory exudate. Specify the vision:

-----------------------Вопрос 179-----------------------
When determining the viability of the restrained bowel loop, one should focus on: a. Gut color; b. The presence of
peristalsis; v. Pulsing of the mesenteric vessels; d. The presence of effusion in the abdominal cavity; The
presence of strangulation furrows. Choose the correct combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 180-----------------------
In the etiology of external abdominal hernias, it matters:

-----------------------Вопрос 181-----------------------
The patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of chest pains on the left, shortness of breath,
aggravated after eating and during physical exertion, as well as in the supine position, nausea and occasional
vomiting, bringing relief. The anamnesis revealed a car injury 10 days ago. On chest X-ray above the diaphragm,
a gas bubble is more than a liquid. What is your diagnosis?
-----------------------Вопрос 182-----------------------
Patient 54 years old. No complaints. With dispensary X-ray
Examination of the stomach revealed a rounded enlightenment with the level of fluid in the posterior
mediastinum, and after receiving the contrast, the location of the cardia above the diaphragm was revealed.
What disease can be suspected in the patient?

-----------------------Вопрос 183-----------------------
A 40-year-old patient is worried about chest pain in the xiphoid process, radiating to the scapula, belching,
heartburn. Symptoms were aggravated by forward bending of the trunk. A patient has a suspected slipping
hiatal hernia. Which of the listed diagnostic methods are needed to confirm and clarify the diagnosis? a)
esophagogastroscopy; b) X-ray examination of the stomach in the Trendelenburg position; c) retrograde
pancreaticocholangiography; d) esophageal ionomanometry; e) intra-gastric pH-metry. Choose the correct
combination of answers:

-----------------------Вопрос 184-----------------------
Which of the following diseases is a complication of erosive-ulcerative esophagitis?
.

-----------------------Вопрос 185-----------------------
Who has more femoral hernias?

-----------------------Вопрос 186-----------------------
Specify the characteristic symptoms of impingement in a hernia of the bladder:

-----------------------Вопрос 187-----------------------
What is Richter's hernia incarceration?

-----------------------Вопрос 188-----------------------
Which of the factors determines the absolute indications for surgery in a spontaneously adjusted restrained
hernia?
.

-----------------------Вопрос 189-----------------------
What is the clinical picture in Richter infringement?

-----------------------Вопрос 190-----------------------
In an elderly patient with a strangulated inguinal hernia, on a survey radiograph of the abdominal cavity there
are - pneumatic loops of the small intestine, Kloyber's bowls. Which organ is impaired?

-----------------------Вопрос 191-----------------------
. Littre's hernia is characterized by infringement:

-----------------------Вопрос 192-----------------------
What is the volume of resection in the proximal and distal directions-yachnecrotized over 10 cm loop of the small
intestine?

-----------------------Вопрос 193-----------------------
In a 60-year-old patient with a long-lasting reducible umbilical hernia of small size, hernial protrusion suddenly
increased in volume, the nature of the pain changed, the hernia ceased to completely retrace into the abdominal
cavity. Indicate the reason for the emerging clinical symptoms:

-----------------------Вопрос 194-----------------------
A patient with grade IV obesity suddenly developed pulling pains in the lower abdomen on the right with
irradiation to the right thigh, nausea, single vomiting, a tumor-like formation below the inguinal fold is palpable.
What disease are we talking about?

-----------------------Вопрос 195-----------------------
What treatment tactics should be chosen for uncomplicated acute calculous cholecystitis:

-----------------------Вопрос 196-----------------------
What is the radical operation for calculous cholecystitis:

-----------------------Вопрос 197-----------------------
Normal blood bilirubin indices:

-----------------------Вопрос 198-----------------------
Ortner's symptom is:

-----------------------Вопрос 199-----------------------
In acute calculous cholecystitis, the following can be applied:

-----------------------Вопрос 200-----------------------
The main factor that determines the therapeutic tactics of the surgeon in acute cholecystitis is: