CS1102

Fundamentals of Programming
Lecture 4 (Introduction to C)

2023/12/11

Bachelor of Information Technology

Department of Computing
Faculty of Computing and Technology
Saegis Campus
Nugegoda

Udaya Perera(MSc in IT(Reading),B.Eng SE, SQA 9 SE)

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Arithmetic Operators in C
Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic arithmetic operations
on numeric data types.

Operations include addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and

calculating the remainder after division.

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3
Addition (+) Operator
The addition operator adds two operands together and returns their
sum.

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
int sum = a + b;
printf("Sum: %i\n", sum); // Output: Sum: 8
}

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Subtraction (-) Operator
The subtraction operator subtracts the second operand from the first
operand and returns their difference.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int difference = a - b;
printf("Difference: %i\n", difference); // Output: Difference: 5
}

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Multiplication (*) Operator
The multiplication operator multiplies two operands and returns their
product.
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
int a = 4;
int b = 3;
int product = a * b;
printf("Product: %i\n", product); // Output: Product: 12
}

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Division (/) Operator
The division operator divides the first operand by the second operand
and returns their quotient.
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
int a = 10;
int b = 2;
int quotient = a / b;
printf("Quotient: %i\n", quotient); // Output: Quotient: 5
}
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Modulo (%) Operator
The modulo operator returns the remainder of the first operand when
divided by the second operand.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int a = 10;
int b = 3;
int remainder = a % b;
printf("Remainder: %i\n", remainder); // Output: Remainder: 1
}

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Relational Operators in C
Relational operators are used to compare values and return a result.

The result is a Boolean value. A Boolean value is either true

(represented by 1) or false (represented by 0).

These operators are commonly used in decision-making statements

such as if statements, and while loops.

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10
Equal to (==) Operator
• The equal to operator checks if two values are equal.
• It essentially asks the question, "Are these two values equal?"
• Note that you use the comparisson operator (two equal signs – ==)
and not the assignment operator (=) which is used for assigning a
value to a variable.
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void) {
int a = 5;
int b = 5;
int result = (a == b);
printf("Result: %i\n", result); // Output: Result: 1
}

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Not equal to (!=) Operator
The not equal to operator checks if two values are NOT equal.

#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
int a = 5;
int b = 3;
int result = (a != b);
printf("Result: %i\n", result); // Output: Result: 1
}

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Greater than (>) Operator
This operator compares two values to check if one is greater than the
other.
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int result = (a > b);
printf("Result: %i\n", result); // Output: Result: 1
}
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Less than (<) Operator
This operator compares two values to check if one is less than the
other.
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
int a = 10;
int b = 5;
int result = (a < b);
printf("Result: %i\n", result); // Output:
Result: 0
}
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Logical Operators
Logical operators operate on Boolean values and return a Boolean
value.

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AND (&&) Operator
• The logical AND (&&) operator checks whether all operands are
true.
• The result is true only when all operands are true.
• Here is the truth table for the AND (&&) operator when you are
working with two operands:

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Example
• The result of (10 == 10) && (20 == 20) is true because both
operands are true.
• The result of (10 == 20) && (20 == 20) is false because one of the
operands is false.
• When the first operand is false, the second operand is not
evaluated

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OR (||) Operator
• The logical OR (||) operator checks if at least one of the operands is
true.
• The result is true only when at least one of the operands is true.
• Here is the truth table for the OR (||) operator when you are
working with two operands:

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Example
• The result of (10 == 20) || (20 == 20) is true because one of the
operands is true.
• The result of (20 == 20) || (10 == 20) is true because one of the
operands is true
• If the first operand is true, then the second operator is not
evaluated.

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NOT (!) Operator
• The logical NOT (!) operator negates the operand.
• If the operand is true, it returns false.
• And if it is false, it returns true.

You may want to use the NOT operator when when you want to flip the
value of a condition and return the opposite of what the condition
evaluates to.

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Example
• The result of !(10 == 10) is false.
• The condition 10 == 10 is true, but the ! operator negates it so the
result is false.

• The result of !(10 == 20) is true.

• The condition 10 == 20 is false, but the ! operator negates it.

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Compound Assignment Operators
• Compound assignment operators are shorthand notations.
• They allow you to modify a variable by performing an operation on
it and then storing the result of the operation back into the same
variable in a single step.
• This can make your code more concise and easier to read.

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Common compound assignment operators
• +=: Addition and assignment
• -=: Subtraction and assignment
• *=: Multiplication and assignment
• /=: Division and assignment
• %=: Modulo and assignment

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 how the += operator works
#include <stdio.h>

int main(void) {
int num = 10;
num += 5;
printf("Num: %i\n", num); // Num: 15
}
Note that the num += 5; line works exactly the same as doing num = num + 5,
which would mean num = 10 + 5, but with fewer lines of code.
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Home Work
Try other compound assignment operators at home.

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Thank you

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