Chapter 1: Primes, Highest Common Factor and Lowest
Common Multiple
1.1 Prime numbers
Definition: numbers that have just two factors (1 and the number itself) are
called prime number or just prime
Example:
11 factor of eleven is 1 & 11 (prime number)
12 factor of 12 is 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 (this is not a prime number as it contains
more than 2 factors)
Special case:
1 is not a prime number (it only contains one factor)
2 is not a prime number (it is called odd numbers)
Sieve of Eratosthenes (a way to find the prime number)
Definition: take out the multiples of 2, 3 and 5, then the rest is prime number)
Example Question:
There are two prime numbers between 1 and 30. What are they?
Answer:
Step 1: Write out the counting numbers up between 1 and 30.
Step 2: Cross out 1, put a box around the next number that haven’t cross which
is 2
Step 3: Cross the multiple of 2, then put a box to the next number which haven’t
crossed (3)
Step 4: Cross the multiple of 3, then put a box to the next number which haven’t
crossed (5)
Step 5: Cross the multiple of 5, then put a box to the next number which haven't
crossed (7)
Step 6: You don’t need to continue crossing the multiple of 7 because its
multiples (49) are greater than the limit (30)
Step 7: The rest of it is the prime numbers
Exercise:
1. Write down the prime number between 30 and 40. How many are there?
2. Which of the following numbers is prime?
a. 18
b. 41
c. 45
d. 77
e. 93
3. List down first 10 prime numbers
4. List down all the prime number below:
0 1 1 6 1
4 2 2
1 6 2 5 2
2 5 8 7 4
3 9 7 3 8
1 5 3 8
2 3 9 6 4
5 4 8 8 7
1.2 Square roots and cube roots
1.2.1 Square Numbers
Definition: When two identical numbers are multiplied
2 2 2 2
2 =¿ 2 x 2 3 =¿3 x 3 4 =¿ 4 x 4 = 5 =¿ 5 x 5 = Example:
=4 =9 16 25 Important !!!:
4x4 = 2
4 ∨¿ 16 15 x 15 = 225
5x5 = 2
5 ∨¿ 25 16 x 16 = 256
6x6 = 2
6 ∨¿36 17 x 17 = 289
7x7 = 49 18 x 18 = 324
8x8 = 64 19 x 19 = 361
9x9 = 91 20 x 20 = 400
10 x 10 = 100 21 x 21 = 441
11 x 11 = 121 22 x 22 = 484
12 x 12 = 144 23 x 23 = 529
13 x 13 = 169 24 x 24 = 576
14 x 14 = 196 25 x 25 = 625
Question:
Identify the following number is perfect square or not
1. 0.09
2. 0.9
3. 0.81
4. 6.56
5. 2.26
25
6.
81
8
7.
288
1
8.
729
111
9.
400
1.2.2 Square root
Definition: Is a method to get back the two identical numbers.
Example: √ 4=√ 2 ×2= √ 22=2
Question:
Solve the following question:
1 √ 81 7. √ 3.24
.
√ √
2 50 8. 225
. 128 729
√ √ 1.44
3 64 9.
. 196
4 √ 0.09 10 √ 1.69
. .
√ √ 144
5 27 11
. 48 .
6 √ 225 12 √4
. .
1.3Highest common factor and lowest common multiple
