Introduction to Emerging Technologies
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Jinka , Ethiopia
JKU, CS Dep’t April, 2024
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Contents
Description of Emerging Technologies
Evolution of technologies
Introduction to Industrial revolution
Historical background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
Fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0)
Role of data for Emerging technologies
Enabling devices and networks for emerging
technologies (programmable devices)
Human to Machine Interaction
Future trends in emerging technologies
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Objectives:
Develop knowledge about the era of industrial evolutions
Identify the technological advances that made the industrial
revolution possible
Analyze the changing conditions created by the industrial
revolution
Describe the technological innovations that spurred industrialization
Identifies the programmable device
Develop basic understanding about Human to Machine Interaction
Develop general knowledge about emerging technologies
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Emerging: becoming prominent or newly formed and
become visible
Emerging technology is a term generally used to
describe a new technology but it may refer to the
continuing development of existing technology
It can have slightly different meanings when used in
different areas, such as media, business, science, or
education.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
The term commonly refers to technologies that
are currently developing, or
Technologies that are expected to be available
within the next five to ten years, and
Technologies that are creating or are expected to
create significant social or economic
effects/impact
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Emerging Technologies
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
What is the root word of technology and evolution?
Technology refers to a discourse or treatise on an art or the
arts. It originated in the 1610s from the Greek 'tekhnologia,'
meaning the systematic treatment of an art, craft, or technique.
The meaning "science of the mechanical and industrial arts" is
first recorded in 1859.
It is the application of scientific knowledge to the practical
aim of human life
Evolution: means the process of developing by gradual changes
Technological evolution is a theory of radical transformation of
society through technological development.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Examples of currently Emerging Technologies
• Artificial Intelligence
• Blockchain
• Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
• Cloud Computing
• Angular and React
• DevOps (Development Operations)
• Internet of Things (IoT)
• Intelligent Apps (I-Apps)
• Big Data
• Robotic Processor Automation (RPA)
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
Britannica dictionary defines revolution as “in social and
political science, a major, sudden, and hence typically
violent alteration in government and in related
associations and structures”.
The term is used by analogy in such expressions as the
Industrial Revolution, where it refers to a radical and
profound change in economic relationships and
technological conditions.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Introduction to the Industrial Revolution (IR)
The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a
transition to new manufacturing processes.
It was a period of major industrialization and
innovation that took place during the late 1700s and
early 1800s.
The revolution started in England/ Great Britain(in the
late 1770s) , with a series of innovations to make labor
more efficient and productive
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
The Industrial Revolution (IR)
Its core occurs when the society shifts from using tools
to make products to use new sources of energy, such
as coal, to power machines in factories.
It was a time when the manufacturing of goods
moved from small shops to large factories
This shift brought about changes in culture as people
moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work
The final cause of the Industrial Revolution was the
effects created by the Agricultural Revolutions (an
increase in food production)
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
The Industrial Revolution (IR)
The American Industrial Revolution commonly
referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution,
started sometime between 1820 and 1870.
The impact of changing the way items was
manufactured had a wide reach.
Industries such as textile manufacturing, mining,
glass making, and agriculture all had undergone
changes.
For example, prior to the Industrial Revolution,
textiles were primarily made of wool and were
handspun instead of manufacturing
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Cont ..
Generally, The following industrial revolutions
fundamentally changed and transfer the world
around us into modern society.
The steam engine,
The age of science and mass production, and
The rise of digital technology
Smart and autonomous systems fueled by data and
machine learning.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
The Most Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
Transportation: Communication:
The Steam Engine, The Telegraph.
The Railroad, The Transatlantic Cable.
The Diesel Engine, The Phonograph.
The Airplane. The Telephone.
Industry:
The Cotton Gin.
The Sewing Machine.
Electric Lights.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Important Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
As previously stated, before spreading to the rest of
Europe, the Industrial Revolution began in Great
Britain in the 18th century (in the late 1770s) due in part
to an increase in food production, which was the key
outcome of the Agricultural Revolution.
Thus, the final cause of the Industrial Revolution was
the effects created by the Agricultural Revolution.
The first European countries to be industrialized after
England were Belgium, France, and the German states.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
The four major types of industries are:
The primary industry involves getting raw materials
e.g. mining, farming, and fishing.
The secondary industry involves manufacturing
e.g. making cars and steel.
Tertiary industries provide a service
e.g. teaching and nursing.
The quaternary industry involves research and
development industries e.g. IT.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
The four major types of industries are:
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
The four major types of industries are:
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
The four major types of industries are:
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Historical Background (IR 1.0, IR 2.0, IR 3.0)
The four major types of industries are:
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Industrial Revolution (IR 1.0)-1760
The Industrial Revolution (IR) is described as a
transition to new manufacturing processes.
IR was first coined in the 1760s, during the time
where this revolution began.
The transitions in the first IR included
Going from hand production methods to machines
The increasing use of steam power
The development of machine tools and
The rise of the factory system.
Figure: steam engine
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Industrial Revolution (IR 2.0)-1870
The Second IR, also known as the Technological
Revolution, began somewhere in the 1870s.
The advancements in IR 2.0 included
The development of methods for manufacturing
interchangeable parts
Widespread adoption of pre-existing technological
systems such as telegraph and railroad networks.
This adoption allowed the vast movement of people
and ideas, enhancing communication.
Moreover, new technological systems were
introduced, such as electrical power and telephones.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Industrial Revolution (IR 3.0)-1950
Also known as the Digital Revolution, Due to the
shift towards digitalization
The transition from mechanical and analog
electronic technology to digital electronics
The core factor of this revolution is
The mass production and widespread use of
digital logic circuits and its derived
technologies such as the computer, hand phones
and the Internet. Introduced E-commerce
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0)-2016
Advancements in various technologies such as robotics, Internet of
Things, additive manufacturing and autonomous vehicles.
The term “Fourth Industrial Revolution” or IR 4.0 was coined by
Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of World
Economic Forum, in the year 2016
Cyber-physical system is a mechanism that
is controlled or monitored by computer-
based algorithms, tightly integrated with
the Internet and its users.
Another major breakthrough that is
associated with IR 4.0 is the adoption of
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Role of Data for Emerging Technologies
Data is regarded as the new oil and strategic asset
We are living in the age of big data,
Data has become the foundation for everything.
and determines the future of science, technology, the economy, and
possibly everything in our world today and tomorrow.
This paradigm-shifting are driven not just by data itself but
all other aspects that could be created transformed,
understanding, exploring ,and utilizing data
Almost every technology have different use of data
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
In the world of digital electronic systems, there are
four basic kinds of devices:
Memory devices : devices store random information
such as the contents of a spreadsheet or database.
Microprocessors: execute software instructions to perform
a wide variety of tasks such as running a word processing
program or video game.
Logic: devices provide specific functions, including
device-to-device interfacing, data communication, signal
processing, timing and control operations, & data display
etc.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Enabling devices and network (Programmable devices)
Networks: is a collection of computers, servers, or other
devices connected to one another to allow the sharing of
data.
An excellent example of a network is the Internet, which
connects millions of people all over the world
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Programmable devices
Programmable devices usually refer to chips that
incorporate
field programmable logic devices (FPGAs),
complex programmable logic devices (CPLD) and
programmable logic devices (PLD).
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Programmable devices
The analog equivalent of these Programmable devices
are called field-programmable analog arrays.
Why is a computer referred to as a programmable
device?
Because it follows a set of instructions.
Many electronic devices are computers that perform
only one operation, but they are still following set of
instructions that reside permanently in the unit.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Cont ..
List of some Programmable devices:
• Achronix Speedster SPD60
• Actel’s
• Altera Stratix IV GT and Arria II GX
• Atmel’s AT91CAP7L
• Cypress Semiconductor’s programmable system-on-chip (PSoC)
family
• Lattice Semiconductor’s ECP3
• Lime Microsystems’ LMS6002
• Silicon Blue Technologies
• Xilinx Virtex 6 and Spartan 6
• Xmos Semiconductor L series
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Cont ..
A full range of network-related equipment referred to as
Service Enabling Devices (SEDs), which can include:
• Modems
• Routers
• Switches
• Conferencing equipment
• Network appliances (NIDs and SIDs)
• Hosting equipment and servers
• Traditional channel service unit (CSU) and data service unit
(DSU)
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Human to Machine Interaction
Human-machine interaction (HMI) refers to the
communication and interaction between a human and a
machine via a user interface.
Nowadays, natural user interfaces such as gestures have
gained increasing attention as they allow humans to
control machines through natural and intuitive behaviors
What is interaction in human-computer interaction?
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Human-computer Interaction
HCI (human-computer interaction) is the study of
how people interact with computers and to what extent
computers are or are not developed for successful
interaction with human beings.
As its name implies, HCI consists of three parts: the
user, the computer itself, and the ways they work
together
The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction
between users and computers by making computers
more user-friendly .
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Human-computer Interaction
How do users interact with computers?
The user interacts directly with hardware for the human
input and output. e.g. through a graphical user interface.
How important is human-computer interaction?
The goal of HCI is to improve the interaction between users
and computers by making computers more user-friendly and
receptive to the user's needs.
The main advantages of HCI are simplicity, ease of deployment
& operations.
They also reduce solution design time and integration
complexity.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Disciplines Contributing to Human-Computer Interaction (HCI)
Cognitive psychology: Limitations, information
processing, performance prediction, cooperative
working, and capabilities.
Computer science: Including graphics, technology,
prototyping tools, user interface management systems.
Linguistics.
Engineering and design.
Artificial intelligence.
Human factors/Ergonomics.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Future Trends in Emerging Technologies
Emerging technology trends in 2019
• 5G Networks
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Autonomous Devices
• Blockchain
• Augmented Analytics
• Digital Twins
• Enhanced Edge Computing and
• Immersive Experiences in Smart Spaces
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
Some Emerging technologies that will shape the
future of you and your business
Chatbots,
Virtual/Augmented reality,
Blockchain
Ephemeral Apps
Artificial Intelligence
are already shaping your life whether you like it or not.
Introduction to Emerging Technologies
End of Chapter One
Thank You!
