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Week 2 Assignment(1)
Swojan Karki
Westcliff University
MTH 305
Professor Acharya
January 19, 2024
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Week 2 Assignment(1)
Exercise Section(Page 163)
Question 22
Solution:
We have, f(x) = mx + b
f(x + h) = m(x + h) + b
Let us suppose y = f(x) = mx + b
Now, applying the first principle of derivative,
dy f ( x +h )−f (x)
= lim
dx h→ 0 h
{m ( x +h ) +b−(mx+b)}
= lim
h→ 0 h
= lim ¿¿¿
h→ 0
mh
= lim
h→ 0 h
=m
Therefore, the derivative of the function f(x) = mx + b is m.
Now, the domain of the function f(x) = mx + b is all real numbers as the function is defined for
any real number value of x.
Similarly, the derivative of this constant function is a constant value ‘m’, therefore the domain of
its derivative is also all the real numbers.
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Question 24
Solution:
We have, f(x) = 4+ 8x – 5x2
or, f(x + h) = m(x + h) + b
Let us suppose y = f(x) = 4+ 8x – 5x2
Now, applying the first principle of derivative,
dy f ( x +h )−f (x)
= lim
dx h→ 0 h
2 2
{4+ 8 ( x+ h )−5 ( x+ h ) −4−8 x+5 x }
= lim
h→ 0 h
5 ( x ¿ ¿ 2+2 xh +h )+5 x }
2 2
= lim {8 h− ¿
h→ 0 h
2 2 2
(8 h−5 x −10 xh−5 h +5 x )
= lim
h→ 0 h
2
(8 h−10 xh−5 h )
= lim
h→ 0 h
h (8−10 x−5 h)
= lim
h→ 0 h
h (8−10 x−5 h)
= lim
h→ 0 h
= 8 -10 x
So, the derivative of the function f(x) = 4+ 8x – 5x2 is 8 – 10x.
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Now, the function is a polynomial function the domain of this function is all real numbers as x
can take any real value and the function would be defined for all of them. Similarly, the domain
of its derivative is also all real values as it’s defined for any real value of x.
Question 26
We have, f(t) = t3 – 5t + 1
or, f(t + h) = (t + h)3– 5(t + h) + 1
Let us suppose y = f(t) = t3 – 5t + 1
Now, applying the first principle of derivative,
dy f ( t+h )−f (t)
= lim
dt h→ 0 h
= lim {¿ ¿ ¿
h→ 0
3 3 2 2 3
(t + h + 3t h+ 3th −5 t−5 h+1−t +5 t−1)
= lim
h→ 0 h
3 2 2
(h +3 t h +3 th −5 h)
= lim
h→ 0 h
2 2
h (h +3 t +3 th−5)
= lim
h→ 0 h
2 2
= lim h +3 t +3 th−5
h→ 0
= 0 + 3t2 + 0 - 5
= 3t2 – 5
Therefore, the derivative of the function f(t) = t3 – 5t + 1 is 3t2 – 5.
Now, the function is a polynomial function the domain of this function is all real numbers as t
can take any real value and the function would be defined for all of them. It can also be defined
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as (-∞, ∞). Similarly, the domain of its derivative is also all real values as it’s defined for any
real value of t.
Question 28
Solution:
v
We have, f ( v )=
v +2
v +h
or, f ( v +h )=
v+ h+2
v
Let us suppose y ¿ f ( v )=
v +2
Now, applying the first principle of derivative,
dy f ( v +h ) −f (v )
= lim
dv h→ 0 h
v +h v
lim ¿ ( − )
= h→ 0 v +h+ 2 v+ 2
h
¿ ( v +h )( v+ 2 )−v (v +h+2)
= lim
h→ 0 h(v +h+2)(v +2)
2 2
¿ v +2 v + vh+2 h−v −vh−2 v
= lim
h→ 0 h(v + h+2)(v +2)
¿ 2h
= lim
h→ 0 h(v+ h+2)(v +2)
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¿ 2
= lim
h→ 0 ( v+ h+2)(v +2)
2 2
= =
( v+ 0+2)(v +2) ( v+ 2)(v +2)
2
= 2
( v+ 2)
v 2
Therefore, the derivative of the function f ( v )= is
v +2 ( v+ 2)2
Now, the domain of the function and its derivative includes all real numbers except those values
of v that make the denominator (v + 2) equal to zero, as division by zero is undefined. When v =
-2, the denominator would be 0 and the function along with its derivative would be undefined.
So, the domain for the function and it’s derivative can be defined as (-∞, -2) U (-2, ∞) .
Question 35
Solution
a) We have, f(x) = x4 + 2x
or, f(x + h)= (x + h)4 + 2(x + h)
Let us suppose, y = f(x) = x4 + 2x
Now, applying the first principle of derivative,
' dy f ( x +h )−f (x)
f ( x )= = lim
dx h→ 0 h
4 4
( x+ h) +2 ( x +h )−x −2 x
= lim
h→ 0 h
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2 2 4
( x+ h) .(x +h) +2 x +2 h− x −2 x
= lim
h→ 0 h
4 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 2 3 4 4
x +2 x h+ x h +2 x h+ 4 x h + 2 xh + x h +2 xh + h +2 h−x
= lim
h→ 0 h
3 2 2 3 4
4 x h+ 6 x h +4 xh +h + 2h
= lim
h→ 0 h
3 2 2 3
h (4 x +6 x h+4 x h +h +2)
= lim
h→ 0 h
3 2 2 3
= lim 4 x +6 x h+ 4 x h +h +2
h→ 0
= 4 x3 +6 x 2 0+4 x 02 +0 3+ 2
= 4 x3 +2
Therefore f ' ( x )= 4 x3 +2 .
b) Here, in the graph plot of f ( x )∧f ' ( x ) which are blue and green respectively, we can see that the
slope of f is negative at first and then becomes positive. Similarly, the value of f ' also changes
from negative to positive at the same point.
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Question 39
a) Answer:
Here, P represent the percentage of a city's electrical power, produced by solar panels ‘t’ years
after January 1, 2020. Therefore, P is a function of time (t).
Now, the derivative dP/dt would represent the rate of change of the percentage of electrical
power produced by solar panels with respect to time. In other words, it tells us how fast the
percentage of solar power production is increasing or decreasing over time.
b) Answer:
dP
The statement t=2 = 3.5 means the rate of change in percentage of electrical power produced
dt
by solar panels 2 years after January 1, 2020 is 3.5% per year.
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Exercise Section ( Page 168)
Question 3
Solution
We have, lim ¿cos(x3 + 3x)
x →0
Using direct substitution method, we substitute 0 for x in the expression cos(x3 + 3x)
So, , lim ¿cos(x3 + 3x) = cos(03 + 3.0)
x →0
= cos(0)
=1
Question 5
Solution
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lim x −9
We have, x →−3
2
x + 2 x−3
When x-> -3, the expression will come in indeterminant form of 0/0. So, we cannot directly
substitute the value of x as 3. Solving the limit,
2
lim x −9
= x →−3
2
x + 2 x−3
lim (x +3)(x−3)
= x →−3 [ Factorizing both numerator and denominator]
2
x +(3−1) x−3
lim (x +3)(x−3)
= x →−3
2
x +3 x−x−3
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lim (x +3)(x−3)
= x →−3
x (x+ 3)−1( x+ 3)
lim (x +3)(x−3)
= x →−3
(x +3)(x−1)
lim (x−3)
= x →−3
(x−1)
(−3−3)
=
(−3−1)
−6 3
= =
−4 2
= 1.5
Question 7
Solution
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lim (h−1) +1
We have, h→0
h
When h -> 0, the expression will come in indeterminant form of 0/0. So, we cannot directly
substitute the value of h as 0. Solving the limit,
3
lim ( h−1 ) +1
= h→0
h
3 3 2 3
lim h −1 −3 h .1+3 h .1 +1
= h→0
h
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3 2
lim h −3 h +3 h
= h→0
h
h (h¿¿ 2−3 h+ 3)
= lim ¿
h→ 0 h
= lim (h¿ ¿ 2−3 h+3)¿
h→ 0
=0–0+3
=3
Question 9
Solution
lim √ r
We have, r→9
(r −9)4
When r -> 9, the expression will not come in indeterminant form of 0/0. So, we can directly
substitute the value of r as 9. Substituting value of r as 9 in the limit,
lim √ r
= r→9
(r −9)4
√9
=
(9−9)4
3
= 4
0
=∞
Therefore, the limit of the given expression does not exist.
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Question 33
Solution
Using Intermediate Value Theorem to show that there is a solution to the equation
5 3
x −x +3 x−5=0 at interval (1,2), let us suppose,
5 3
f ( x )=x − x +3 x−5=0.
Here, a = 1 and b = 2
Now, f ( a )=f ( 1 )=15−13 +3 .1−5=1−1+3−5=−2
and, f ( b )=f ( 2 )=25−23 +3. 2−5=32−8+ 6−5=2 5
Therefore, -2 < 0< 25
or, f ( 1 ) < 0<f (2) .
Since f ( 1 ) < 0<f (2), the Intermediate Value Theorem states there exists a ‘C’ in between 1 and 2
such that f ( C )=0 and at that C, x 5−x 3 +3 x−5=0 has a solution which is within the interval
(1,2).
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