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Transport Policies

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9 views3 pages

Transport Policies

Uploaded by

tolinakidane1015
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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If I were to develop a mode choice model to analyze sustainable transport policies, the key features

would be as follows:

1. Alternative modes: The alternative modes that should be included in the model would be walking,
cycling, public transport, and driving a private car. These are the most common modes of transport used
by individuals for their daily activities.
2. Model structure: The model structure would be non-hierarchical, as it would consider all the modes
as equally important and would allow for direct comparisons between them.
3. Explanatory variables: The following ten explanatory variables could be included in the utility function
of the logit mode choice model:
a) Cost: This variable would account for the cost of using each mode of transport. For example, the cost
of using public transport might be lower than driving a private car.
b) Time: This variable would account for the time taken to travel using each mode of transport. For
example, cycling might be faster than walking.
c) Convenience: This variable would account for the convenience of using each mode of transport. For
example, having a car might be more convenient than using public transport.
d) Environmental impact: This variable would account for the environmental impact of using each mode
of transport. For example, cycling has a lower carbon footprint than driving a car.
e) Safety: This variable would account for the safety of using each mode of transport. For example,
cycling might be safer than driving a car.
f) Comfort: This variable would account for the comfort of using each mode of transport. For example,
driving a car might be more comfortable than cycling.
g) Accessibility: This variable would account for the accessibility of using each mode of transport. For
example, having a car might provide more accessibility than using public transport.
h) Social interaction: This variable would account for the social interaction associated with using each
mode of transport. For example, cycling with friends might be more enjoyable than driving alone.
i) Personal preference: This variable would account for the personal preferences of the individual in
terms of using each mode of transport. For example, some people might prefer cycling over driving.
j) Availability: This variable would account for the availability of each mode of transport in the area. For
example, having more bike-sharing stations available might make cycling more convenient.
These variables are all relevant as they capture different aspects of the decision-making process when
choosing a mode of transport. By including these variables in the model, it would be possible to analyze
the impact of sustainable transport policies on mode choice and to make informed decisions about how
to improve the sustainability of transport systems.
Tolina kidane, [9/6/2024 9:15 AM]
(i) A growth factor model is a method used to estimate future origin-destination demand by applying
historical growth rates to current demand levels. It assumes that demand will continue to grow at the
same rate as it has in the past. On the other hand, the gravity model is a mathematical formula that
calculates the flow of goods, people, or information between two locations based on the attractiveness
of the two locations and the distance between It takes into account factors such as population size,
economic output, and distance to estimate future demand.
(ii) Two common scenarios where a growth factor model may be unsuitable for estimating future origin-
destination demand are:

1. Rapidly changing market conditions: In scenarios where market conditions are rapidly changing, such
as during an economic recession or a pandemic, historical growth rates may not be a reliable indicator of
future demand. In such cases, a growth factor model may underestimate or overestimate future
demand, leading to inaccurate predictions.

2. New technologies or innovations: When new technologies or innovations are introduced in the
market, they can significantly impact the demand for certain goods or services. In such cases, historical
growth rates may not capture these changes, leading to inaccurate predictions using a growth factor
model.

(iii) The gravity model can assist in overcoming the limitations of growth factor models by taking into
account various factors that influence demand, such as population size, economic output, and distance.
By incorporating these factors, the gravity model can provide a more accurate estimate of future origin-
destination demand, especially in scenarios where rapid market changes or new technologies are
involved. However, if the gravity model is still not applicable, an alternative approach could be to use
machine learning algorithms or other advanced modeling techniques that can learn from historical data
and adapt to changing market conditions.

Tolina kidane, [9/6/2024 9:21 AM]


To find the future household type count for three zones, we need to calculate the sum of daily trips
generated by each household type in each zone.

For zone 1:
- Zone 1 has 50 households of type A, which generates 180 daily trips.
- Zone 1 has 60 households of type B, which generates 246 daily trips.
- Zone 1 has 70 households of type C, which generates 336 daily trips.

So, the future household type count for zone 1 is 50 + 60 + 70 = 180 households.

For zone 2:
- Zone 2 has 50 households of type A, which generates 180 daily trips.
- Zone 2 has 60 households of type B, which generates 246 daily trips.
- Zone 2 has 70 households of type C, which generates 336 daily trips.

So, the future household type count for zone 2 is 50 + 60 + 70 = 180 households.

For zone 3:
- Zone 3 has 50 households of type A, which generates 180 daily trips.
- Zone 3 has 60 households of type B, which generates 246 daily trips.
- Zone 3 has 70 households of type C, which generates 336 daily trips.

So, the future household type count for zone 3 is 50 + 60 + 70 = 180 households.

Therefore, the future household type count for three zones is 180 households each.

Tolina kidane, [9/6/2024 9:24 AM]


1) To find the number of daily trips generated by each zone, we need to look at the values in the "Trips"
column for each zone. For zone 1, the value is 500, for zone 2, the value is 550, and for zone 3, the value
is 300.
2) To find the total number of trips by all three zones, we simply add up the values in the "Trips" column
for each zone. So, 500 + 550 + 300 = 1350. Therefore, the total number of trips by all three zones is
1350.

Tolina kidane, [9/6/2024 9:30 AM]


To answer these questions, we need to use the given data to calculate the number of daily trips
generated by each zone and the total number of trips by all three zones.

Given data:
- Zone 1: 500 trips
- Zone 2: 550 trips
- Zone 3: 300 trips

1) To find the number of daily trips generated by each zone, we simply need to look at the given data.
Therefore, Zone 1 generates 500 trips per day, Zone 2 generates 550 trips per day, and Zone 3 generates
300 trips per day.

2) To find the total number of trips by all three zones, we need to add up the number of trips generated
by each zone. So, the total number of trips is 500 + 550 + 300 = 1350 trips per day.

In summary, Zone 1 generates 500 trips per day, Zone 2 generates 550 trips per day, and Zone 3
generates 300 trips per day. The total number of trips by all three zones is 1350 trips per day.

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