Mai Cao Lan, Ph.D.

(USQ, Australia)
Dept. of Drilling & Production Engineering
Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering
HCMUT, VIETNAM
10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT 2
 Mathematics in Data Science

Quiz: Which of the following statements is not true

concerning the mathematics contribution in Data
Science?

A. Linear Algebra

B. Multivariate Calculus

C. Fuzzy Logic

D. Deep Learning
10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 3
 Data Analytics vs Data Analysis
Quiz: Fill in the blanks with appropriate answers

Feature Data Analysis Data Analytics

• Objective ? ?

• Outcomes/Results ? ?

• Methodology ? ?

• Tools ? ?

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10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT 5
Quiz: Which ones are correct?
1
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")

2
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")

3
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")

4
if 5 > 2:
print("Five is greater than two!")
print("Five is greater than two!")

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 6
 Python Arithmetic Operators

Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz 3

x = 5 x = 5 x = 2
y = 2 y = 2 y = 3
print(x // y) print(x % y) print(x ** y)
>>> >>> >>>
??? ??? ???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 7
Python Arithmetic Operators
Active learning with application in mind

Quiz 1 Quiz 2
x = 5 x = 5
y = 2 y = 2
print(x % y) print(x // y)
>>> >>>
??? ???

1. When do we use the operator %?

2. For which cases do we need to use the operator //?

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 Python Assignment Operators
Quiz 1 Quiz 2
x = 5 x = 5
x += 3 x -= 3
print(x) print(x)
>>> >>>
??? ???

Quiz 3 Quiz 4
x = 5 x = 5
x *= 3 x /= 2
print(x) print(x)
>>> >>>
??? ???

When do we use these operators +=, -=, *=, /=?

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 9
Python Comparison Operators
Quiz 1 Quiz 2
x = 5 x = 5
y = 3 y = 3
print(x == y) print(x != y)
>>> >>>
??? ???

Quiz 5 Quiz 6
x = 5 x = 5
y = 3 y = 3
print(x >= y) print(x <= y)
>>> >>>
??? ???

What are the result types from these operators?

How are these operators used in practice?

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 Python Logical Operators

Quiz 1 Quiz 2 Quiz 3

x = True x = True
x = True
y = False y = False
print(not x)
print(x and y) print(x or y)
>>> >>> >>>
??? ??? ???

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 Python Bitwise Operators

Quiz 1 Quiz 2
x = 5 # 0101 x = 5 # 0101
y = 3 # 0011 y = 3 # 0011
print(x & y) print(x | y)
>>> >>>
??? ???

Quiz 4 Quiz 3
x = 5 # 0101
x = 5 # 0101
y = 3 # 0011
print(~x)
print(x ^ y)
>>> >>>
??? ???

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Python Bitwise Operators

Exercise:

We have two 6-digit LEDs named A and B. Add another LED

named C so that each digit of the LED C is ON if and only if just
one of the corresponding digits of A and B is ON.

A= 1 0 0 1

B= 0 0 1 1

C= ? ? ? ?

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Output Variables
Common Escape Sequences:
\n Newline
\t Tab
\\ Backslash
\’ Single quote
\’’ Double quote
\uXXXX Unicode character

Quiz 1

print(???)

>>>
Your text here with special characters: \n, \t, etc...

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 Output Variables (cont’d)

Quiz 2
name = "Alice"
age = 30
print(???)
>>>
Name: Alice & Age: 30
Quiz 3

name = "Alice"
age = 30
print(???)

>>>
Alice’s age is 30

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Slicing Strings in Python

Quiz
print(str1[1:3])
print(str1[-3:-1])
>>>
???
???

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Slicing Strings in Python

Quiz 1
b = "Hello, World!"
print(b[2:5])
print(b[:5])
print(b[2:])
print(b[-5:-2])
>>>
???
???
???
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 17
for Loop in Python
Fill in the blanks to complete the loop that prints the results below

Quiz 1:

for ____ in []:

print()

>>>
1
4
9
16

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Range with for Loops
Fill in the blanks to complete the loop that prints the results below

Quiz 2:

for i in range(__,__,__):
print(i)

>>>
0
-1
-2

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 while loop in Python
Quiz: Randomly guess a number until it matches a given one

import random as rd
given = 3
guess = rd.randint(0,9)
counter = 1
while ???:
print(f'not matched this time! guess= ???')
guess = ???
counter = ???
print(f"Bingo, matched after ??? trials (guess = ???)")

>>>
not matched this time! guess= 0
not matched this time! guess= 2
not matched this time! guess= 1
not matched this time! guess= 4
Bingo, matched after 5 trials! (guess = given = 3)

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 20
break statement in loops
Quiz

for i in range(10):
if i == 5:
break
print(i)

>>>
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 21
continue statement in loops
Quiz

for num in range(6):

if num == 3:
continue
print(f"Number: {i}")

>>>
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 22
Nested loops

Quiz
for i in range(5):
for j in range(i+1):
print("1", end="")
print()
>>>
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 23
List Slicing in Python

Quiz 1
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape", "kiwi"]
print(fruits[1:3])
print(fruits[2:])
print(fruits[:4])
print(fruits[::2])

>>>
???
???
???
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 24
Using List’s Methods

Quiz 1

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

fruits.append("grape")
print(fruits)

>>>
???

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Using List’s Methods

Quiz 1

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

# Add grape as the second item of the fruits list
fruits.____________
print(fruits)

>>>
["apple", "grape", "banana", "orange"]

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Using List’s Methods

Quiz 1

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

# Add "grape" and "kiwi" to the existing fruits list
fruits._______________
print(fruits)
>>>
["apple", "banana", "orange", "grape", "kiwi"]

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Using List’s Methods

Quiz 1

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

fruits.pop(1)
print(fruits)

>>>
???

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Using List’s Methods

Quiz 1

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

# Remove ‘banana’ from the fruits list
fruits._____
print(fruits)
>>>
["apple", "orange"]

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 29
Using List’s Methods

Quiz 1

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

# print the position of “orange” in the fruits list
print(???)

>>>
2

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Using Built-In Functions for Lists

Quiz 1

numbers = [5, 3, 7, 1]
# Print the numbers in the ascending order
sorted_numbers = ???
print(sorted_numbers)
>>>
[1,3,5,7]

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Using Built-In Functions for Lists

Quiz 1

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

# Print the total number of elements in the fruits list

print(???)
>>>
3

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Using Built-In Functions for Lists

Quiz 1

numbers = [5, 3, 7, 1]
# print the location of the maximum number in the given list
print(???)

>>>
2

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Using Built-In Functions for Lists

Quiz 1

numbers = [5, 3, 7, 1]
# print the sum of all numbers in the above list
print(???)

>>>
16

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Using Built-In Functions for Lists

Quiz 1

numbers = [5, 3, 7, 1]
# print the list in ascending order
print(???)

>>>
[1, 3, 5, 7]

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Built-In Functions for Lists

Quiz 1

numbers = [5, 3, 7, 1]
reversed_nums = list(???)
print(reversed_nums)

>>>
[1, 7, 3, 5]

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Built-In Functions for Lists

Quiz 1
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]
# Print all items of the fruits list along with their ordinal
number
for ??? in ???:
print(???)
>>>
0 apple
1 banana
2 orange

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 37
Accessing Tuple Elements

Quiz 3

my_tuple = (5, 3, 2, 1, 8)

# print the first three elements of the tuple

print(____)

>>>
(5,3,2)

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 Concatenating Tuples

Quiz 1

tuple1 = ("a", "b" , "c")

tuple2 = (1, 2, 3)

tuple3 = tuple1 + tuple2

print(tuple3)

>>>
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 39
 Membership Testing for Tuples/Lists

Quiz 1

fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "grape")

# Checks if ‘banana’ exists in the fruits tuple
banana_in_fruits = ???
print(f'banana in fruits: {banana_in_fruits}')

>>>
banana in fruits: True

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Tuple’s/List’s Methods
Quiz 1
my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 4)
# Count the number of 1’s in the given tuple
print(???)

>>>
3

Quiz 2
my_tuple = (10, 20, 30, 40, 30)
# Find the position of number 30 (first encountered)
in the given tuple
print(???)
>>>
2

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 41
Duplicate Items in a Set?

Quiz 1
this_set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple"}

print(this_set)

>>>
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 42
 True, False vs 1, 0 in Sets

Quiz 1

this_set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry", True, 0, 1, 2}

print(len(this_set))
>>>
???
Quiz 2

this_set = {"apple", "banana", False, 0, 1}

print(len(this_set))
>>>
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 43
Using Set’s Methods

Quiz 1
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
# Add "orange" to the fruits set
fruits._____
print(fruits)
>>>
{“apple”,”banana”,”cherry”,”orange”}

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Using Set’s Methods

Quiz 1
fruits = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
# delete ‘banana’ from the fruits set
fruits._____
print(fruits)
>>>
{“apple”,”cherry”}

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Using Set’s Methods
Quiz 1

set1 = {1, 2, 3}
set2 = {3, 4, 5}

# Union of set1 and set2 (elements in either set)

union = ???
#Intersection of set1 and set2 (elements in both sets)
intersection = ???
#Difference of set1 and set2 (elements in set1 but not in set2)
difference = ???
>>>
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
{3}
{1,2}

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 46
Using Dictionary’s Methods

Dictionary - Quiz 1
my_dict = {
"name": "Bob",
"age": 30
}
# Adding a key:value as “job”:“Engineer”
# and modifying “age” to 32
my_dict.______({"age": 32, "job": "Engineer"})
print(my_dict)
>>>
{'name': 'Bob', 'age': 32, 'job': 'Engineer'}

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Using Dictionary’s Methods
Dictionary - Quiz 2

my_dict = {
"name": "Bob",
"age": 25,
"email": "bob@example.com",
"city": "New York",
"nationality": "U.S"
}
# delete the entry “email”
my_dict._______
print(my_dict)

>>>
{'name':'Bob','age':25,'city':'New York','nationality':'U.S'}
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 Using Dictionary’s Methods
Print all key-value pairs
Dictionary - Quiz 3

my_dict = {
"name": "Bob",
"age": 25,
"city": "New York",
}

for ______ in my_dict.______:

print(f“__________")

>>>
name: Bob
age: 25
city: New York

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Using Dictionary’s Methods
Quiz 1

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}

print(my_dict.keys())

>>>
???

Quiz 2

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York'}

print(my_dict.values())

>>>
???

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Using Dictionary’s Methods
Quiz 1
my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York’}
# Change the age to 25
??? = 25
print(my_dict)

>>>
{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York’}

Quiz 2

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}

# Add a new entry (‘nationality’:’U.S.’) into the dictionary
??? = ‘U.S.’
print(my_dict)

>>>
{'name':’Alice','age':30,'city':'New York,’nationality’:’U.S.’}

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 Using Dictionary’s Methods

Quiz

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30, 'city': 'New York’}

age = my_dict.pop('age’)
print(my_dict)

>>>
???

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 Using List Comprehension
Quiz 1
x = [1, 2, 3]
# print items in the list that is less than 4
lt_4 = [???]
print(lt_4)
>>>
[1,2,3]

Quiz 2
matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5], [5, 6, 7]]
# print the diagonal of the given matrix
diagonal = [???]
print(diagonal)
>>>
???

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 53
Using Set Comprehension
Quiz 2

original_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
# calculate cumulative sum of the items in the set
cumsum_set = {???}
print(cumsum_set)

>>>
[1,3,6,10,15]

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 54
Python Functions
Quiz 1
def my_function(a, b=2):
return a * b

result = my_function(3)
print(result)
>>>
???

Quiz 2
def factorial(n):
if n == 0:
return 1
else:
return n * factorial(n - 1)
results = factorial(5)
print(results)
>>>
???
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Lambda Functions

Quiz 1

temp_c = [0,10,30,50]
# Define lambda function to convert C-degree to F-degree temp.
c2f = lambda ???
# Calling the lambda function
temp_f = ???
print(temp_f)

>>>
[32.0,50.0,86.0,140.0]

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10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT 57
Creating and Manipulating Arrays in NumPy

Quizzes:

a) Create a NumPy array from the list [10, 20, 30, 40, 50].

b) Create a 4x4 array filled with zeros, and create a 3x3 array filled
with ones.

c) Create an array of even numbers from 0 to 20.

d) Create a 1D array of 12 elements and reshape it into a 3x4 array.

e) Given the 3x4 array from Quiz d), flatten it into a 1D array.

f) Create a 2D array of random numbers (5x5) and calculate the

mean of each column.

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Creating and Manipulating Arrays in NumPy

Quizzes:

g) Given: Array 1: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], Array 2: [4, 5, 6, 7, 8]. Find the

common elements between two arrays.

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NumPy Array Operations

a) Given an 1D array representing the temperatures in Celsius

[0, 10, 20, 30, 60]. Write code to convert it to Fahrenheit
degree.

b) Given the exam scores [85, 92, 78, 95, 88, 72, 97, 65, 74, 83],
calculate the average score, the highest score, and the lowest
score?

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 NumPy Array Operations
Given a 2D array (3x4) representing matrix A (see below).
Calculate the sum of all elements in each columns and in each
rows in the matrix.

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Indexing and Slicing in NumPy

1. Given an array [1, 4, 8, 2, 9, 5, 7, 3, 6], how would you extract all

elements from the given array that are greater than 3?

2. Given a 2-dimensional array, how would you extract all

elements in

a. The third column?

b. The second row?

c. The block ([2, 2], [3, 9])

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Linear Algebra with NumPy
1. Create two matrices A = [[1, 2], [3, 4]] and B = [[5, 6], [7, 8]].
Compute their matrix multiplication.

2. Transpose, inverse the matrix C, and calculate its determinant:

C = [[9, 5, 4, 7], [1, 4, 3, 1], [6, 8, 4, 0]]

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Exercises with NumPy

1. Create a random 3D array with dimensions 3×4×5. Slice out

the second "plane" (2D slice) along the first axis.

2. Given a random 4x4 array of normal distribution, find all

elements that are greater than a threshold of 0.5.

3. Solve the following system of linear equations:

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Pandas Series
Q1: Create a Pandas Series using the following data: [‘school',
‘college', ‘university’, ‘institute’]. Assign custom index labels as
follows: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'].

Q2: Temperature data are recorded during a week in degrees

Celsius. Create a Pandas Series using the dates as the index.
Then, find the maximum temperature recorded during the week
and display it.

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 Pandas Series’ Methods
Quiz: Given a list of Celcius temperature data [0, 20, 30, 50]

- Create a Pandas series from the list of temperatures above

- Define a function that takes a Celsius temperature and

returns the equivalent Fahrenheit temperature using the
formula: F = (C*9/5)+32

- Use the apply() method of Pandas series to convert the

temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit degree using the
function above.

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 Quiz: Creating a DataFrame from a
Dictionary
Quiz: Create a Pandas DataFrame from the given data.

Employee Data:

 Names: ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie', 'David’]

 Ages: [25, 30, 35, 40]

 Cities: ['New York', 'Los Angeles', 'Chicago', 'Houston']

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Quiz: Creating a DataFrame from a List
of Lists
Quiz: Create a Pandas DataFrame from the given data. Specify
appropriate column names: ['Product', 'Price', 'Category'].

Data:

 ['Laptop', 1200, 'Electronics’]

 ['Chair', 150, 'Furniture’]

 ['Book', 20, 'Stationery’]

 ['Pen', 2, 'Stationery']

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Quiz: Creating a DataFrame from a
NumPy Array
Quiz: Create a Pandas DataFrame from the given data. Specify
appropriate column names: ['Celsius', 'City'].

Data:

 [0, 'New York’]

 [20, 'Los Angeles’]

 [37, 'Chicago’]

 [100, 'Houston']

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Exercise: Creating Pandas DataFrame
1. Create a list of student IDs from 1 to 5.

2. Use the following lists of scores for each student:

Math Scores: [85, 90, 78, 92, 88]
Science Scores: [88, 95, 80, 85, 90]
English Scores: [75, 85, 70, 90, 82]

3. Use list comprehension to combine these scores into a

DataFrame where each row corresponds to a student, and each
column corresponds to a subject.

4. Use the student IDs as the index of the DataFrame, and the
subjects as the column names.

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Practical Exercise
The PVT fluid data from a gas well in the Anaconda Gas Field is given below:

The well is producing at a stabilized

p (psig) 𝝁 (cp) Z
0.0 0.01270 1.000 bottom-hole flowing pressure of 2800
400.0 0.01286 0.937 psi. The wellbore radius is 0.3 ft. The
800.0 0.01390 0.882
following additional data is available:
1200.0 0.01530 0.832
k=65 md; h=15 ft; T=600 °R; Pr = 4400
1600.0 0.01680 0.794
2000.0 0.01840 0.770 psi; re=1000 ft.
2400.0 0.02010 0.763
2800.0 0.02170 0.775
Calculate the gas flow rate in Mscf/day
3200.0 0.02340 0.797
using the formula in the next slide
3600.0 0.02500 0.827
4000.0 0.02660 0.860
4400.0 0.02831 0.896

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lan, Dept. of Drilling & Production Engineering, GEOPET, HCMUT 71
Practical Exercise (cont’d)
The production flow rate of a gas well can be estimated using
well and reservoir data as follow:

qg 

kh m  p r   m  p w f 
  0.4 72 re  
14 24 T  ln   s
  rw  

where the real-gas pseudo pressure m(p) is defined as:

p 2p
m( p )   dp
0 Z
10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lan, Dept. of Drilling & Production Engineering, GEOPET, HCMUT 72
Practical Exercise (cont’d)
Trapezoidal Method

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lan, Dept. of Drilling & Production Engineering, GEOPET, HCMUT 73
Practical Exercise (cont’d)

10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lân, Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT, Vietnam 74
 Matplotlib package
Exercise:

- Generate an array of 100 points ranging from 0 to 10 (inclusive)

using numpy.

- Calculate the following functions for each point:

+ Function 1: 1 = sin( )

+ Function 2: 2 = cos( )

+ Function 3: 3 = 2

- Create a line plot for each function using a different color and label
each line accordingly. Add a title, and labels for the x-axis and y-axis.
Include a legend to distinguish between the lines.
10/26/2024 Dr. Mai Cao Lan - Faculty of Geology & Petroleum Engineering, HCMUT 75