INTERNSHIP REPORT

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
By
Name: Prabhu Phull

Roll No:
2101920310116
Under supervision of:-
MR. AMIYA PRAKASH

(Duration: From 2023 to 2024)

G.L. BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &

MANAGEMENT, GREATER NOIDA
Affiliated to

DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY,

LUCKNOW

2023-2024

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 G.L. BAJAJ INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY &
MANAGEMENT, GREATER NOIDA
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the “Internship Report” entitled “INTERNET OF THINGS” is being
done by Prabhu Phull (2101920310116) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICTION ENGINEERING for the academic session 2023-2024. She has completed her
Summer Training/Internship from “Internshala” in online mode.

Dr. Satyendra Sharma

Head of Department

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 Declaration

I hereby declare that the industrial training report entitled "Internet of Things" done at "Internshala"
submitted by me, for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and
Communication Engineering to GL Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida
affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow is a record of Bonafede work
carried done between 20/8/2023 and 15/11/2023.

Place : Greater Noida Signature of the Candidate

Date

The report is satisfactory / unsatisfactory

Signature of the Faculty Coordinator

&

Approved by

Head of the Department

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CERTIFICATE OF INTERNSHIP

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly I would like to thank the platform of “Internshala” for giving me the opportunity to do an
internship within the organization.

I also would like to acknowledge all the teachers and professionals who taught us all the
concepts and helped us to perform the activities via code labs with their patience and openness
and they created an enjoyable working environment. It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure
and immense sense of gratitude that I acknowledge the help of these individuals.

I pay special thanks to my Head of the Department Dr. Satyendra Sharma for his
constructive criticism throughout my internship.

I would like to thank Mr. Amiya Prakash, Internship coordinator for his support and advise to
get and complete internship in above said organization.

I am extremely great full to my department staff members and friends who helped me in
the successful completion of this internship.

Name: Prabhu Phull

Roll No. :2101920310116

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Certificate..................................................................................................................(ii)
Declaration................................................................................................................(iii)
Certificate of Internship.............................................................................................(iv)
Acknowledgement.....................................................................................................(v)

Chapter 1. Executive Summary 1

1.1 Introduction To IOT….…............................................................

1.2 The Role of an IOT Training Program........................................

1.3 Build a basic layout....................................................................

Chapter2. The IOT Concept and Program Outline 3

2.1 Evolution of IOT …………………………………………................

2.2 The History of IOT...............................................................

Chapter3. Application of IOT 5

3.1 Smart Home..................................................................

3.3 Health Care.........................................................................

3.2 Machine 2 Machine.............................................................................

Chapter 4. Features of IOT and Architecture 7

4.1 Connectivity...................................................................

4.2 Artificial Intelignce..........................................................

4.3 Architecture..........................................................

Chapter 5. Components of IOT 8

5.1 Sensors...................................................................

5.2 Connectivity.......................................
Chapter 6. Types of Cloud 9

6.1. Public Cloud..............................................................................

6.2. Private Cloud..........................................................

6.3. Hybrid Cloud...........................

Chapter7. Views and Compose 10

7.1. Advantages and Disadvantages................................................
7.2. Views in Compose....................................................................................

Chapter8. Conclusion 11

Chapter9. Future Scope 12

Chapter10. References 13
 Chapter 1: Executive Summary

1.1 Introduction to IOT

*The internet of things is the extension of internet connectivity into physical devices and everyday
objects.

*IOT is simply the network of interconnected things/devices which are embedded with sensors,
software ,network, connectivity and necessary electronics that enables them to collect and exchange
data making them responsive.

*It makes devices and systems taking all the things in the world and connecting them to the internet.

*The internet of things (IOT) refers to the ever-growing network of physical object that feature an IP
address for internet connectivity, and the communication that occurs between these objects and others
internet- enabled devices and systems.

*It is also referred to as Machine-to-Machine (M2M), Skynet or internet of everything.

Fig1.1Internet Of Things

1.2.THE ROLE OF AN IOT TRAINING PROGRAMME

Connecting devices to the Internet is not a new idea: a toaster was connected to the network in 1990 and
users could interact with it via a web interface. Since then, industry, utilities and trucking and logistics

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companies have all begun connecting their machines and assets to various systems and to each other.
The actual phrase "The Internet of Things (IoT)" has been coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton of MIT in a
presentation to Procter & Gamble. In the last couple of years ubiquitous connectivity, widespread
adoption of IP, miniaturization, the rise of cloud computing and advances of data analytics have created
the conditions for a dramatic growth of IoT. Cisco predicts that there will be billions connected devices
by 2020.

1.3 Build a basic layout

Common data-driven IoT applications rely on a standard IoT architecture spanning
four layers:
 Device layer
 Network layer
 Service and application support layer
 Application layer

Recently, however, more and more connected systems have started shifting focus
toward edge processing, which has led to an additional layer being added to a
traditional four-tier architecture. The share of activities performed at the edge
depends on a particular implementation but it commonly spans enabling
connectivity, as well as filtering, aggregating, securing, and processing the
incoming data.

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Chapter 2: The IOT Concept and Program Outline

2.1 Evolution of IOT:

Continue learning the fundamentals of Kotlin, and start building more interactive apps.
 Use conditionals, function types, classes, and lambda expressions in Kotlin.
 Understand how composition and recompositing works.
 Add a button to an app UI and respond to user taps.
 Create an app that works with data entered by the user. Learn how to use state to display data
and reflect the changes automatically when the data gets updated.
 Write unit tests to test isolated functions.

Kotlin fundamentals
Learn more fundamentals of Kotlin, object-oriented programming, and lambdas.

Add a button to an app

Learn how to respond to a button click

Android app. Interacting with UI and state

Create a tip calculator app that calculates the tip from user input.

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 fig 2.1 Evolution of IOT
1.2 The history of IOT:-

IoT has a long and complex history, dating back to the early days of computing. Here is a very
simplified timeline of the history of IoT and some of the key events that have shaped the IoT landscape:
1970s: The first wireless networks are developed, laying the groundwork for IoT technologies.
1980s: The first commercial cellular networks are launched, opening up new possibilities for mobile
devices and wireless data transmission.
1990s: The first internet-connected devices appear, including early versions of smart home devices and
wearable computers.
2000s: The proliferation of broadband internet and wireless networks leads to an explosion in the
number of connected devices. IoT technologies begin to be widely used in a variety of industries, from
manufacturing to healthcare.
2010s: IoT becomes a major force in the consumer market, with products like Nest thermostats and
Amazon Echo becoming popular household items. Businesses continue to find new ways to use IoT
technologies to increase efficiency and gain insights into their operations.
2020s: The IoT landscape continues to evolve, with 5G networks beginning to be rolled out and new
applications for IoT technologies emerging constantly.

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 Chapter 3: Application of IOT
5.1 SMART HOME:
*Device abstraction layer – the local interface that applications on the gateway use.
*Device driver interface – the interface to integrate HAN technologies.
*Remote interface – the interface between an operator cloud platform and the gateway.
*Cloud API – the interface provided to third parties from the operator cloud platform.

Fig5.1 SMART HOME

5.2 HEALTH CARE:

*Telemedicine - remote appointment, remote diagnostics, remote monitoring, medication adherence.
*Hospital environmental condition monitoring- air quality, temperature, hazard sensing, lighting control.
*Connected ambulance - remote diagnostics, remote communication and data transfer. *Immersive
media – media training simulation with VR, AR decision support testing.

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 FIG5.2 HEALTH CARE OF IOT

5.3 Machine 2 Machine

Machine-to-machine, or M2M, is a broad label that can be used to describe any technology that enables
networked devices to exchange information and perform actions without the manual assistance of
humans. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) facilitate the communication between
systems, allowing them to make their own autonomous choices.

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 Chapter 4: Features of IOT and Architecture
The most important features of IOT on which it works are connectivity, analyzing, integrating,
active engagement, and many more. Some of them are listed below:
4.1 Connectivity: Connectivity refers to establish a proper connection between all the things of
IOT-to-IOT platform it may be server or cloud. After connecting the IOT devices, it needs a high-
speed messaging between the devices and cloud to enable reliable, secure and bi-directional
communication.

4.2 Artificial Intelligence: IOT makes things smart and enhances life through the use of data. For
example, if we have a coffee machine whose beans have going to end, then the coffee machine itself
order the coffee beans of your choice from the retailer

4.3 Architecture: The working of IOT is different for different IOT echo system (architecture).
However, the key concept of there working are similar.
*The entire working process of IOT starts with the device themselves, such as smartphones, digital
watches, electronic appliances, which securely communicate with the IOT platform.
*The platforms collect and analyze the data from all multiple devices and platforms and transfer the
most valuable data with applications to devices.

Fig 4.3 Architecture of IOT

 Chapter 5: Components of IOT

5.1 Sensors: *A sensor is device that measures physical impact from its environment and converts it
into that can be interpreted by a computer. For example: speed, lights, sound and pressure.
*A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included on a
single integrated circuit, or a small number of integrated circuits.
*The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required to perform the
functions of a computer's central processing unit.
* The integrated circuit is capable of interpreting and executing program instructions and performing
arithmetic operations
*The microprocessor is a multipurpose, clock-driven, register-based, digital integrated circuit that
accepts binary data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides
results (also in binary form) as output.
*Microprocessors contain both combinational logic and sequential digital logic, and operate on numbers
and symbols represented in the binary number system.
*The integration of a whole CPU onto a single or a few integrated circuits using Very-Large-Scale
Integration (VLSI) greatly reduced the cost of processing power.
* Integrated circuit processors are produced in large numbers by highly automated metal-oxide
semiconductor (MOS) fabrication processes, resulting in a relatively low unit price
5.2 Connectivity: *Several communications protocols and technologies are used in IoT to connect to
internet cloud. Depending upon range, cost, power usage and the data rate etc. The right one used. For
example: Bluetooth, mobile phones and wi-fi MICROCONTROLLER:
*A microcontroller (μC or uC) is a solitary chip microcomputer fabricated from VLSI fabrication. A
micro controller is also known as embedded controller.
*Today various types of microcontrollers are available in market with different word lengths such as
4bit, 8bit, 64bit and 128bit microcontrollers.
*Microcontroller is a compressed microcomputer manufactured to control the functions of embedded
systems in office machines, robots, home appliances, motor vehicles, and a number of other gadgets.
*A microcontroller is comprising components like - memory, peripherals and most importantly a
processor. Microcontrollers are basically employed in devices that need a degree of control to be ap
plied by the user o
 Chapter 6: Types of Cloud
*Cloud is basically used for memory storage. Generally, cloud computing is a virtualization technology
*Cloud computing is the combination of hardware and software resources to access the data through the
cloud.
*It acts as a data storage element and configures the devices i.e.; it stores bulk amount of data or
information through online networking.
*Cloud doesn’t require separate software and we access data through web browser. For example, Google
photos, Google drives, etc.
*Public cloud
*Private cloud
*Community cloud
*Hybrid cloud
6.1 Public cloud:
* A public cloud is a type of computing in which a service provider makes resources available to the
public via the internet.
*For example, google cloud , Microsoft azure, etc. But it provides less security as general public can
access the cloud
6.2 Private cloud:
*Private cloud is also known as an internal cloud or corporate cloud. Private cloud provides computing
services to a private internal network (within the organization) and selected users instead of the general
public.
*For example, Oracle, Cisco, etc. It provides good security.
6.3 Community cloud:
*Community cloud is a cloud infrastructure that allows systems and services to be accessible by a group
of several organizations to share the information.
*Example: Our government organization within India may share computing infrastructure in the cloud
to manage data.
6.4 Hybrid cloud:
*Hybrid cloud refers to a mixed computing, storage, and services environment made up of on-premises
infrastructure, private cloud services, and a public cloud.
 Chapter 7: Views and compose

7.1 Advantages and Disadvantages

ADVANTAGE OF IOT

*Efficient resource utilization: If we know the functionality and the way that how each device work
we definitely increase the efficient resource utilization as well as monitor natural resources.
*Minimize human effort: As the devices of IOT interact and communicate with each other and do lot
of tasks for us, then they minimize the human effort.
*Save time: As it reduces the human effort then it definitely saves out time. Time is the primary factor
which can save through IOT platform.
*Improve security: Now, if we have a system that all these things are interconnected then we can make
the system more secure and efficient
DISADVANTAGE OF IOT:
*Security: As the IOT systems are interconnected and communicate over networks. The system offers
little control despite any security measures, and it can be lead the various kinds of network attacks.
*Privacy: Even without the active participation on the user, the IOT system provides substantial
personal data in maximum detail.
*Complexity: The designing, developing, and maintaining and enabling the large technology to IOT
system is quite complicated. in a Compose app.
 Conclusion

* Internet of things is the concept in which the virtual world of information technology connected
to the real world of things.
*The Internet of Things is happening now, and there is a need to address its challenges and
maximize its benefits while reducing its risks.
*The Internet Society cares about IOT because it represents a growing aspect of how people and
institutions are likely to interact with and incorporate the Internet and network connectivity into
their personal, social, and economic lives.
*Solutions to maximizing the benefits of IOT while minimizing the risks will not be found by
engaging in a polarized debate that pits the promises of IOT against its possible perils.
*Rather, it will take informed engagement, dialogue, and collaboration across a range of
stakeholders to plot the most effective ways forward.
 FUTURE SCOPE

India, as a developing world, has immense IoT potential. According to Naukri.com, India's future
potential for IoT is enormous, with 117,114 work opportunities for IoT Developers. In contrast, in
the United States, demand for an IoT Developer has increased by more than 300 percent.

As we all know, any electronic computer today comes with an IoT system pre-installed.

IoT has a promising future ahead of it. Take a quick look at the graph below to see the number of IoT
Developer positions that have been available over time.

Salary of IoT Developers

In terms of compensation, an IoT Developer in the United States earns an average of US$164,417 a
year. The average annual wage in India is 850k. This is an exciting package with which to begin your
career.

This is all about the IoT's future potential and how its technologies are transforming the world.
 References

List of Sample IOT Projects:

• https://electronicsforu.com/iot-projects-ideas

• https://www.skyfilabs.com/blog/best-iot-projects-using-arduino

Arduino download:

• https://www.arduino.cc/

Basic Electronic Components:

• https://circuitdigest.com/arduino-projects