APP.

5 Tables A101

Table A7 Normal Distribution

Values of the distribution function (z) [see (3), Sec. 24.8]. ( z) 1 (z)
z (z) z (z) z (z) z (z) z (z) z (z)
0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
0.01 5040 0.51 6950 1.01 8438 1.51 9345 2.01 9778 2.51 9940
0.02 5080 0.52 6985 1.02 8461 1.52 9357 2.02 9783 2.52 9941
0.03 5120 0.53 7019 1.03 8485 1.53 9370 2.03 9788 2.53 9943
0.04 5160 0.54 7054 1.04 8508 1.54 9382 2.04 9793 2.54 9945
0.05 5199 0.55 7088 1.05 8531 1.55 9394 2.05 9798 2.55 9946
0.06 5239 0.56 7123 1.06 8554 1.56 9406 2.06 9803 2.56 9948
0.07 5279 0.57 7157 1.07 8577 1.57 9418 2.07 9808 2.57 9949
0.08 5319 0.58 7190 1.08 8599 1.58 9429 2.08 9812 2.58 9951
0.09 5359 0.59 7224 1.09 8621 1.59 9441 2.09 9817 2.59 9952
0.10 5398 0.60 7257 1.10 8643 1.60 9452 2.10 9821 2.60 9953
0.11 5438 0.61 7291 1.11 8665 1.61 9463 2.11 9826 2.61 9955
0.12 5478 0.62 7324 1.12 8686 1.62 9474 2.12 9830 2.62 9956
0.13 5517 0.63 7357 1.13 8708 1.63 9484 2.13 9834 2.63 9957
0.14 5557 0.64 7389 1.14 8729 1.64 9495 2.14 9838 2.64 9959
0.15 5596 0.65 7422 1.15 8749 1.65 9505 2.15 9842 2.65 9960
0.16 5636 0.66 7454 1.16 8770 1.66 9515 2.16 9846 2.66 9961
0.17 5675 0.67 7486 1.17 8790 1.67 9525 2.17 9850 2.67 9962
0.18 5714 0.68 7517 1.18 8810 1.68 9535 2.18 9854 2.68 9963
0.19 5753 0.69 7549 1.19 8830 1.69 9545 2.19 9857 2.69 9964
0.20 5793 0.70 7580 1.20 8849 1.70 9554 2.20 9861 2.70 9965
0.21 5832 0.71 7611 1.21 8869 1.71 9564 2.21 9864 2.71 9966
0.22 5871 0.72 7642 1.22 8888 1.72 9573 2.22 9868 2.72 9967
0.23 5910 0.73 7673 1.23 8907 1.73 9582 2.23 9871 2.73 9968
0.24 5948 0.74 7704 1.24 8925 1.74 9591 2.24 9875 2.74 9969
0.25 5987 0.75 7734 1.25 8944 1.75 9599 2.25 9878 2.75 9970
0.26 6026 0.76 7764 1.26 8962 1.76 9608 2.26 9881 2.76 9971
0.27 6064 0.77 7794 1.27 8980 1.77 9616 2.27 9884 2.77 9972
0.28 6103 0.78 7823 1.28 8997 1.78 9625 2.28 9887 2.78 9973
0.29 6141 0.79 7852 1.29 9015 1.79 9633 2.29 9890 2.79 9974
0.30 6179 0.80 7881 1.30 9032 1.80 9641 2.30 9893 2.80 9974
0.31 6217 0.81 7910 1.31 9049 1.81 9649 2.31 9896 2.81 9975
0.32 6255 0.82 7939 1.32 9066 1.82 9656 2.32 9898 2.82 9976
0.33 6293 0.83 7967 1.33 9082 1.83 9664 2.33 9901 2.83 9977
0.34 6331 0.84 7995 1.34 9099 1.84 9671 2.34 9904 2.84 9977
0.35 6368 0.85 8023 1.35 9115 1.85 9678 2.35 9906 2.85 9978
0.36 6406 0.86 8051 1.36 9131 1.86 9686 2.36 9909 2.86 9979
0.37 6443 0.87 8078 1.37 9147 1.87 9693 2.37 9911 2.87 9979
0.38 6480 0.88 8106 1.38 9162 1.88 9699 2.38 9913 2.88 9980
0.39 6517 0.89 8133 1.39 9177 1.89 9706 2.39 9916 2.89 9981
0.40 6554 0.90 8159 1.40 9192 1.90 9713 2.40 9918 2.90 9981
0.41 6591 0.91 8186 1.41 9207 1.91 9719 2.41 9920 2.91 9982
0.42 6628 0.92 8212 1.42 9222 1.92 9726 2.42 9922 2.92 9982
0.43 6664 0.93 8238 1.43 9236 1.93 9732 2.43 9925 2.93 9983
0.44 6700 0.94 8264 1.44 9251 1.94 9738 2.44 9927 2.94 9984
0.45 6736 0.95 8289 1.45 9265 1.95 9744 2.45 9929 2.95 9984
0.46 6772 0.96 8315 1.46 9279 1.96 9750 2.46 9931 2.96 9985
0.47 6808 0.97 8340 1.47 9292 1.97 9756 2.47 9932 2.97 9985
0.48 6844 0.98 8365 1.48 9306 1.98 9761 2.48 9934 2.98 9986
0.49 6879 0.99 8389 1.49 9319 1.99 9767 2.49 9936 2.99 9986
0.50 6915 1.00 8413 1.50 9332 2.00 9772 2.50 9938 3.00 9987
A102 APP. 5 Tables

Table A8 Normal Distribution

Values of z for given values of (z) [see (3), Sec. 24.8] and D(z) (z) ( z)
Example: z 0.279 if (z) 61%; z 0.860 if D(z) 61%.
% z( ) z(D) % z( ) z(D) % z( ) z(D)
1 2.326 0.013 41 0.228 0.539 81 0.878 1.311
2 2.054 0.025 42 0.202 0.553 82 0.915 1.341
3 1.881 0.038 43 0.176 0.568 83 0.954 1.372
4 1.751 0.050 44 0.151 0.583 84 0.994 1.405
5 1.645 0.063 45 0.126 0.598 85 1.036 1.440

6 1.555 0.075 46 0.100 0.613 86 1.080 1.476

7 1.476 0.088 47 0.075 0.628 87 1.126 1.514
8 1.405 0.100 48 0.050 0.643 88 1.175 1.555
9 1.341 0.113 49 0.025 0.659 89 1.227 1.598
10 1.282 0.126 50 0.000 0.674 90 1.282 1.645

11 1.227 0.138 51 0.025 0.690 91 1.341 1.695

12 1.175 0.151 52 0.050 0.706 92 1.405 1.751
13 1.126 0.164 53 0.075 0.722 93 1.476 1.812
14 1.080 0.176 54 0.100 0.739 94 1.555 1.881
15 1.036 0.189 55 0.126 0.755 95 1.645 1.960

16 0.994 0.202 56 0.151 0.772 96 1.751 2.054

17 0.954 0.215 57 0.176 0.789 97 1.881 2.170
18 0.915 0.228 58 0.202 0.806 97.5 1.960 2.241
19 0.878 0.240 59 0.228 0.824 98 2.054 2.326
20 0.842 0.253 60 0.253 0.842 99 2.326 2.576

21 0.806 0.266 61 0.279 0.860 99.1 2.366 2.612

22 0.772 0.279 62 0.305 0.878 99.2 2.409 2.652
23 0.739 0.292 63 0.332 0.896 99.3 2.457 2.697
24 0.706 0.305 64 0.358 0.915 99.4 2.512 2.748
25 0.674 0.319 65 0.385 0.935 99.5 2.576 2.807

26 0.643 0.332 66 0.412 0.954 99.6 2.652 2.878

27 0.613 0.345 67 0.440 0.974 99.7 2.748 2.968
28 0.583 0.358 68 0.468 0.994 99.8 2.878 3.090
29 0.553 0.372 69 0.496 1.015 99.9 3.090 3.291
30 0.524 0.385 70 0.524 1.036

31 0.496 0.399 71 0.553 1.058 99.91 3.121 3.320

32 0.468 0.412 72 0.583 1.080 99.92 3.156 3.353
33 0.440 0.426 73 0.613 1.103 99.93 3.195 3.390
34 0.412 0.440 74 0.643 1.126 99.94 3.239 3.432
35 0.385 0.454 75 0.674 1.150 99.95 3.291 3.481

36 0.358 0.468 76 0.706 1.175 99.96 3.353 3.540

37 0.332 0.482 77 0.739 1.200 99.97 3.432 3.615
38 0.305 0.496 78 0.772 1.227 99.98 3.540 3.719
39 0.279 0.510 79 0.806 1.254 99.99 3.719 3.891
40 0.253 0.524 80 0.842 1.282
APP. 5 Tables A103

Table A9 t-Distribution
Values of z for given values of the distribution function F(z) (see (8) in Sec. 25.3).
Example: For 9 degrees of freedom, z 1.83 when F(z) 0.95.
Number of Degrees of Freedom
F(z)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.6 0.32 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26
0.7 0.73 0.62 0.58 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.54 0.54
0.8 1.38 1.06 0.98 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.88
0.9 3.08 1.89 1.64 1.53 1.48 1.44 1.41 1.40 1.38 1.37

0.95 6.31 2.92 2.35 2.13 2.02 1.94 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.81
0.975 12.7 4.30 3.18 2.78 2.57 2.45 2.36 2.31 2.26 2.23
0.99 31.8 6.96 4.54 3.75 3.36 3.14 3.00 2.90 2.82 2.76
0.995 63.7 9.92 5.84 4.60 4.03 3.71 3.50 3.36 3.25 3.17
0.999 318.3 22.3 10.2 7.17 5.89 5.21 4.79 4.50 4.30 4.14

Number of Degrees of Freedom

F(z)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.6 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26
0.7 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53
0.8 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86
0.9 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.35 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33

0.95 1.80 1.78 1.77 1.76 1.75 1.75 1.74 1.73 1.73 1.72
0.975 2.20 2.18 2.16 2.14 2.13 2.12 2.11 2.10 2.09 2.09
0.99 2.72 2.68 2.65 2.62 2.60 2.58 2.57 2.55 2.54 2.53
0.995 3.11 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.92 2.90 2.88 2.86 2.85
0.999 4.02 3.93 3.85 3.79 3.73 3.69 3.65 3.61 3.58 3.55

Number of Degrees of Freedom

F(z)
22 24 26 28 30 40 50 100 200 `

0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.6 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
0.7 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.53 0.52
0.8 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.84 0.84
0.9 1.32 1.32 1.31 1.31 1.31 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.29 1.28

0.95 1.72 1.71 1.71 1.70 1.70 1.68 1.68 1.66 1.65 1.65
0.975 2.07 2.06 2.06 2.05 2.04 2.02 2.01 1.98 1.97 1.96
0.99 2.51 2.49 2.48 2.47 2.46 2.42 2.40 2.36 2.35 2.33
0.995 2.82 2.80 2.78 2.76 2.75 2.70 2.68 2.63 2.60 2.58
0.999 3.50 3.47 3.43 3.41 3.39 3.31 3.26 3.17 3.13 3.09
A104 APP. 5 Tables

Table A10 Chi-square Distribution

Values of x for given values of the distribution function F(z) (see Sec. 25.3 before (17)).
Example: For 3 degrees of freedom, z 11.34 when F(z) 0.99.
Number of Degrees of Freedom
F(z)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0.005 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.21 0.41 0.68 0.99 1.34 1.73 2.16
0.01 0.00 0.02 0.11 0.30 0.55 0.87 1.24 1.65 2.09 2.56
0.025 0.00 0.05 0.22 0.48 0.83 1.24 1.69 2.18 2.70 3.25
0.05 0.00 0.10 0.35 0.71 1.15 1.64 2.17 2.73 3.33 3.94

0.95 3.84 5.99 7.81 9.49 11.07 12.59 14.07 15.51 16.92 18.31
0.975 5.02 7.38 9.35 11.14 12.83 14.45 16.01 17.53 19.02 20.48
0.99 6.63 9.21 11.34 13.28 15.09 16.81 18.48 20.09 21.67 23.21
0.995 7.88 10.60 12.84 14.86 16.75 18.55 20.28 21.95 23.59 25.19

Number of Degrees of Freedom

F(z)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
0.005 2.60 3.07 3.57 4.07 4.60 5.14 5.70 6.26 6.84 7.43
0.01 3.05 3.57 4.11 4.66 5.23 5.81 6.41 7.01 7.63 8.26
0.025 3.82 4.40 5.01 5.63 6.26 6.91 7.56 8.23 8.91 9.59
0.05 4.57 5.23 5.89 6.57 7.26 7.96 8.67 9.39 10.12 10.85

0.95 19.68 21.03 22.36 23.68 25.00 26.30 27.59 28.87 30.14 31.41
0.975 21.92 23.34 24.74 26.12 27.49 28.85 30.19 31.53 32.85 34.17
0.99 24.72 26.22 27.69 29.14 30.58 32.00 33.41 34.81 36.19 37.57
0.995 26.76 28.30 29.82 31.32 32.80 34.27 35.72 37.16 38.58 40.00

Number of Degrees of Freedom

F(z)
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
0.005 8.0 8.6 9.3 9.9 10.5 11.2 11.8 12.5 13.1 13.8
0.01 8.9 9.5 10.2 10.9 11.5 12.2 12.9 13.6 14.3 15.0
0.025 10.3 11.0 11.7 12.4 13.1 13.8 14.6 15.3 16.0 16.8
0.05 11.6 12.3 13.1 13.8 14.6 15.4 16.2 16.9 17.7 18.5

0.95 32.7 33.9 35.2 36.4 37.7 38.9 40.1 41.3 42.6 43.8
0.975 35.5 36.8 38.1 39.4 40.6 41.9 43.2 44.5 45.7 47.0
0.99 38.9 40.3 41.6 43.0 44.3 45.6 47.0 48.3 49.6 50.9
0.995 41.4 42.8 44.2 45.6 46.9 48.3 49.6 51.0 52.3 53.7

Number of Degrees of Freedom

F(z)
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 100 (Approximation)
0.005 20.7 28.0 35.5 43.3 51.2 59.2 67.3 (h 2.58)
0.01 22.2 29.7 37.5 45.4 53.5 61.8 70.1 (h 2.33)
0.025 24.4 32.4 40.5 48.8 57.2 65.6 74.2 (h 1.96)
0.05 26.5 34.8 43.2 51.7 60.4 69.1 77.9 (h 1.64)

0.95 55.8 67.5 79.1 90.5 101.9 113.1 124.3 (h 1.64)

0.975 59.3 71.4 83.3 95.0 106.6 118.1 129.6 (h 1.96)
0.99 63.7 76.2 88.4 100.4 112.3 124.1 135.8 (h 2.33)
0.995 66.8 79.5 92.0 104.2 116.3 128.3 140.2 (h 2.58)
In the last column, h 2m 1, where m is the number of degrees of freedom.