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C-programming

introduction to C programming

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hussein.borisw
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8 views17 pages

C-programming

introduction to C programming

Uploaded by

hussein.borisw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Beng 1 - CSE & DAE

TP
2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction to C
2. History of C
3. Features of C
4. Structure of a C Program
5. Basic Syntax
6. Data Types, Variables, and Operators
7. Control Statements
8. Applications of C
9. Conclusion
3

INTRODUCTION
TO C
What is C
programming?

 Definition: C is a high-level,
general-purpose programming
language that provides low-
level access to memory and
system processes.

 Designed for system


programming, it is widely used
for developing operating
systems.
4

HISTORY OF
C
 Origin: Developed by Dennis
Ritchie at Bell Labs in 1972.

 Influences: Based on the B


programming language.

 Evolution:

• K&R C: The original version described


in "The C Programming Language"
book by Kernighan and Ritchie.

• ANSI C: Standardized version by ANSI


in 1989.

• ISO C: Further standardized by ISO in


1990.
5

FEATURES
OF C
 Simplicity: Simple syntax
and easy to learn.

 Efficiency: Produces
highly efficient programs.

 Portability: Code can run


on different machines with
little or no modification.

 Rich Library: Provides a


rich set of built-in functions.
6
7

STRUCTURE OF C

 Header Files: Include


necessary libraries (e.g., Statements and
#include <stdio.h>). Expressions:
 Main Function: Entry
Perform operations
and control program
point of the program (int
main()). flow.
Return Functions:
 Variable
Define reusable code
Declarations: Declare
blocks.
variables to store data
8

#include <stdio.h> //
Preprocessor directive BASIC SYNTAX
Preprocessor Directive:
// Function declaration
int main() { #include <stdio.h>: This line
// Variable declaration includes the Standard Input
int a; Output library, which allows the
// Initialization use of functions like printf.
a = 10;
Function Declaration:

// Function call int main() : This line declares


printf("Value of a is %d\
the main function, which is the
n", a);
entry point of any C program.
// Return statement Variable Declaration:
return 0;
int a; : This line declares an
}
integer variable a.
9

#include <stdio.h> //
Preprocessor directive
BASIC SYNTAX
Initialization::
// Function declaration
int main() { a = 10;: This line initializes the
// Variable declaration variable a with the value 10.
int a;
Return Statement:
// Initialization
a = 10; return 0;: This line returns 0,
indicating that the program
// Function call has been executed
printf("Value of a is %d\
successfully.
n", a);
Closing Bracket:
// Return statement }: This line marks the end of
return 0;
the main function.
}
10

DATA TYPES, VARIABLES, AND


OPERATORS

Data Types Variables

int: Integer • int age;


float: Floating-point • float salary;
number • char initial;
double: Double-
precision floating-
point number
char: Character
11

Operators

 Arithmetic Operators: +,
-, *, /, %
 Relational Operators:
==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
 Logical Operators: &&, ||,
!
 Assignment Operators:
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=
 Increment/Decrement
Operators: ++, --
12

CONTROL STATEMENTS

If Statement: If-Else Statement:


if (condition) { if (condition) {
// code // code
} else {
}
MARGIE'S TRAVEL

// code
}

 The if statement  The if-else statement


executes a block of executes one block of
code if a specified code if the condition is
condition is true. true, and another block
if the condition is false.
13

CONTROL STATEMENTS

Switch Statement: The switch


switch (variable) { statement executes
case value1: one of many blocks
// code
of code based on the
value of a variable.
break;
case value2:
// code
break;
default:
// code
}
14

CONTROL STATEMENTS

For Loop: While loop:

for (initialization; while (condition) {


condition; increment) { // code
// code }
} The while loop
The for loop repeats repeats a block of
a block of code a code as long as a
specific number of specified condition is
times. true.
15

CONTROL STATEMENTS

Do-while loop:
 The do-while
loop is similar
to the while DO {
loop, but it
// CODE TO BE
exe c u t e s t h e
block of code EXECUTED
at least once } WHILE
b e f o re (CONDITION);
checking the
condition.
16

APPLICATIONS
OF C
Operating Systems: Unix,
Linux, Windows

Compilers: GCC, Clang

Embedded Systems:
Microcontrollers, IoT devices

Game Development:
Game engines, graphics
programming

Database Systems:
MySQL, Oracle
17

CONCLUSION

Summary: C programming is a foundational


language that offers simplicity, efficiency, and
flexibility, making it suitable for a wide range of
applications.

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