MATHEMATICS IN EVERYDAY LIFE–8

Chapter 3 : Square and Square Roots ANSWER KEYS

EXERCISE 3.1 6. (i) (65)2 = (6 × 7) hundred + 25

= 4225
1. We know that the natural numbers ending with 2
(ii) (95) = (9 × 10) hundred + 25
the digits 2, 3, 7 or 8 are not perfect squares.
= 9025
(i) 54473 ends with digit 3.
2
(iii) (205) = (20 × 21) hundred + 25
(ii) 4058 ends with digit 8.
= 42025
(iii) 24257 ends with digit 7.
(iv) 3332 ends with digit 2. EXERCISE 3.2
Therefore, all these numbers are not perfect 1. We know that 2m, m2 – 1, m2 + 1 is a 2m = 8
squares. Pythagorean triplet
2. If a number has 1 or 9 in the unit place, then its  m=4
square ends with 1, if the number has 4 or 6 in  m2 – 1 = (4)2 – 1 = 16 – 1 = 15
the unit place, then its square ends with 6, and
m2 + 1 = (4)2 + 1 = 16 + 1 = 17
the number 3 or 7 in the unit place, its square
ends with 9. Therefore, Hence, 8, 15, 17 is a Pythagorean triplet.
(i) 1234 ends with 4, its square ends with 6. 2. Let 2m = 12
(ii) 4329 ends with 9, its square ends with 1. 12
 m= =6
(iii) 8723 ends with 3, its square ends with 9. 2
Now, m2 – 1 = (6)2 – 1 = 36 – 1 = 35
3. The units digits of the square of a number
having digits at units places as 1 or 9 is 1. and m2 + 1 = (6)2 + 1 = 36 + 1 = 37
Therefore, Hence 12, 35, 37, is a Pythagorean triplet.
(321)2 and (549)2 will have 1 as their units digits. 3. Let 2m = 18
Hence, (ii) and (iii) have 1 as their units digit.  m=9
4. (i) 2826 being an even number (2826)2 will also  m2 – 1 = (9)2 – 1 = 81 – 1 = 80
be an even number. m2 + 1 = (9)2 + 1 = 81 + 1 = 82
(ii) 7779 being an odd number, (7779)2 will also Hence, 18,80,82 is Pythagorean triplet.
be on odd number.
4. If a, b, c are three number where c > a, b such
(iii) 30018 being an even number, (30018)2 will that a 2 + b 2 = c 2 , then (a, b, c) is called
also be an even number. Pythagorean triplet.
(iv) 8204 being an even number, (8204)2 will also Thus, (26)2 = 676
be an even number.
(10)2 + (24)2 = 100 + 576 = 676
5. Since, between n2 and (n + 1)2, there are 2n non-  (26)2 = (10)2 + (24)2
perfect square numbers. Therefore,
Hence, 10, 24 and 26 is a Pythagorean triplet.
(i) (25)2 and (26)2 there are 2 × 25 = 50 natural
number. EXERCISE 3.3
(ii) (19)2 and (20)2 there are 2 × 19 = 38 natural 1. (i) Since, ones digit of 6561 is 1, the possible
numbers. ones digit of the square root may be 1 or 9.
Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 1
 (ii) Since, ones digit of 24336 is 6, the possible (ii) We have
ones digit of the square root may be 4 or 6. 289 – 1 = 288
(iii) Since, ones digit of 76129 is 9, the possible 288 – 3 = 285
ones digit of the square root may be 3 or 7.
285 – 5 = 280
(iv) Since, ones digit of 160801 is 1, the possible
280 – 7 = 273
ones digit of the square root may be 1 or 9.
273 – 9 = 264
2. We know that if the units digit of a number is
264 – 11 = 253
2, 3, 7 or 8, then it does not have a square root
in the set of natural numbers, hence it will not 253 – 13 = 240
be a perfect square. 240 – 15 = 225
Hence (i) 1267, (ii) 608 and (iii) 1990 is not a 225 – 17 = 208
perfect squares. 208 – 19 = 189
 180 = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × 5 189 – 21 = 168
3. The number 5 is left unpaired. 168 – 23 = 145
2 180 145 – 25 = 120
2 90 120 – 27 = 93
3 45 93 – 29 = 64
3 15 64 – 31 = 33
3 5 33 – 33 = 0
1 We have performed subtraction 17 times.
So, 180 is not a perfect square. Hence, 289 = 17.
Now, If we multiplied with 5 it should become (iii) We have
a perfect square. ie.
169 – 1 = 168
180 × 5 = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × (5 × 5)
168 – 3 = 165
900 = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × (5 × 5)
165 – 5 = 160
Square root of 900  900
160 – 7 = 153
 (2  2)  (3  3)  (5  5) 153 – 9 = 144
= 2 × 3 × 5 = 30 144 – 11 = 133
Hence, square root of the new number is 30. 133 – 13 = 120
4. (i) We have 120 – 15 = 105
144 – 1 = 143 105 – 17 = 88
143 – 3 = 140 88 – 19 = 69
140 – 5 = 135 69 – 21 = 48
135 – 7 = 128 48 – 23 = 25
128 – 9 = 119 25 – 25 = 0
119 – 11 = 108 We have performed subtraction 13 times.
108 – 13 = 95 Hence 169 = 13.
95 – 15 = 80
5. (i) 676
80 – 17 = 63
 676 = 2 × 2 × 13 × 13 2 676
63 – 19 = 44
 676 = 2  2  13  13 2 338
44 – 21 = 23
= 2 × 13 13 169
23 – 23 = 0
= 26 13 13
We have performed subtraction 12 times.
1
Hence, 144  12 Hence, 676 = 26
2 Answer Keys
 (ii) 1024 (vi) 15625 5 15625
2 1024 15625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 5 3125
2 512 5 625
 15625 = 5  5  5  5  5  5
2 256 5 125
=5×5×5
2 128 5 25
= 125
2 64 5 5
Hence, 15625  125
2 32 1
2 16 (vii) 390625
2 8 390625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
2 4 390625 = 5  5  5  5  5  5  5  5
2 2 5 390625
1 5 78125
 1024 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 5 15625
5 3125
 1024 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2
5 625
=2×2×2×2×2 5 125
= 32
5 25
3 27225
Hence, 1024 = 32 5 5
3 9075
(iii) 27225 1
5 3025
27225 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 11 × 11 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 625
5 605
 27225 = 3  3  5  5  11  11 11 121 Hence, 390625  625 3 9801
= 3 × 5 × 11 11 11 (viii) 9801 3 3267
= 165 1 9801 = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11 3 1089
3 363
Hence, 27225  165 9801 = 3  3  3  3  11  11
11 121
2 7744 = 3 × 3 × 11
(iv) 7744 11 11
2 3872 = 99
7744 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 × 11 1
2 1936
Hence, 9801  99
7444 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  11  11 2 968 2 99856
(ix) 99856
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 11 2 484 2 49928
99856 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 79 × 79
= 88 2 242 2 24964
11 121 99856 = 2  2  2  2  79  79 2 12482
Hence, 7744  88
11 11 = 2 × 2 × 79 79 6241
1 = 316 79 79
(v) 9604
9604 = 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 Hence, 99856  316 1
2 9604 (x) 11025 3 11025
 9604 = 227777
2 4802 11025 = 3 × 3 × 5 × 5 × 7 × 7 3 3675
=2×7×7
7 2401 5 1225
= 98 11025 = 3  3  5  5  7  7
7 343 5 245
=3×5×7
Hence, 9605  98 7 49
= 105 7 49
7 7 7 7
Hence, 11025  105
1 1

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 3

6. 2352 = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (7 ×7) × 3 (iii) 768 2 768
The number 3 is left unpaired. So, it is not a 768 = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × 3 2 384
perfect square. If we multiplied by 3 it should The number 3 is left unpaired. 2 192
become a perfect square. So, If we multiplied by 3, it should be
2 2352 2 96
2352 × 3 = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (7 × 7) a perfect square number. So,
2 1176 2 48
× (3 × 3) 768 × 3 = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (2 × 2)
2 588 2 24
7056 = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (7 × 7) × × (2 × 2) × (3 × 3)
2 294 2 12
(3 × 3) 2304 = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (2 × 2)
7 147 × (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) 2 6
7056 = 2  2  2  2  7  7  3  3 7 21 3 3
= 2 × 2 × 7 × 3 = 84 3 3 1

Hence, 1
7056  84 2304 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  2  2  3  3
7. (i) 252 2304 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
252 = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × 7 2304 = 48
2 252 Hence, if multiplied by 3, then the given
The number 7 is left unpaired.
2 126 number make a perfect square number and
If multiplied by 7 it should be a its square root is 48.
perfect square number. So, 3 63
3 21 8. We know that, if the units digit of a number is
252 × 7 = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × (7 × 7) 2, 3, 7 or 8, then it does not a perfect square
7 7
number.
1764 = 2  2  3  3  7  7 1
Therefore,
= 2 × 3 × 7 = 42
(i) 1053, (ii) 628 and (iii) 657 are not a perfect
1764 = 42 square number.
While 3481 is a perfect square number.
Hence, if multiplied by 7, then the given
number makes a perfect square and its EXERCISE 3.4
square root is 42.
1. The least number divisible by each of the
(ii) 1458 numbers 6, 9 and 15 is their L.C.M.
1458 = 2 × (3 × 3) × (3 × 3) × (3 × 3) 2 1458 L.C.M of 6, 9 and 15 is 3 6,9,15
The number 2 is left unpaired. 3 729 3 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 90 2, 3, 5
If multiplied by 2, it should be a 3 243 Now, 90 = 2 × (3 × 3) × 5
perfect square number. So, 3 81 The numbers 2 and 5 are not in pair for the
number to be a perfect square each factor of the
(1458 × 2) = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × (3 × 3) × 3 27
must have a pair. So,
(3 × 3) 3 9
To make pairs of 2 and 5, the number 90 has to
2916 = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × (3 × 3) × 3 3 be multiplied by 5 × 2 ie. 10.
(3 × 3)
1 Hence, 90 × 10 = 900 is the required square number.
2916
2. 5392 = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × 337
= 22333333 The number 337 is left unpaired. So
the given number must be divided 2 5392
=2×3×3×3
by 337 to get a square number. 2 2696
2916 = 54 5392 2 1348
 = 16
Hence, if multiplied by 2, then the given 337 2 674
number make a perfect square and its Now, 16  2  2  2  2  4 337
square root is 54.
Hence, square root of new number is 4.
4 Answer Keys
3. The least number which is divisible by each of 7. Length of a rectangular field = 81 m
the numbers 4, 9 and 10 is their L.C.M. Breadth of a rectangular field = 49 m
L.C.M. of 4, 9 and 10 2 4,9,10  Area of rectangular field = length × breadth
=2 × 2 × 9 × 5 2,9, 5 = 81m × 49m
= 180 = (81 × 49)m 2
Now, 180 = (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) × 5 = 3969 m2
The number 5 is left unpaired. For the number Since, area of square = area of rectangular field
to be a perfect square, each factor of the 3 3969
 (Side)2 = 3969 m2
number must have a pair, to make pair of the
3 1323
number, 180 has to be multiplied by 5.  side = 3969m
3 441
Hence, the required number is 180 × 5 = 900.
= 3 3 3 37 7 m 3 147
4. The prime factors of 2925 3 2925 7 49
= (3 × 3) × (5 × 5) × 13 = (3 × 3 × 7)m
3 975 7 7
The number 13 is left unpaired. = 63 m
5 325 1
So, the given number must be Hence, side of the square is 63 m.
5 65
divided by 13 to get a square 8. Let number of students in a school be x, Then,
number. 13 13
1 x × x = 11025 3 11025
2925
 = 225 is a square number..  x2 = 11025 3 3675
13
Hence, 13 is the required smallest number.  x= 11025 5 1225
5. Let the one number be x, then the other number 5 245
will be 13x.  x= 3 3 557 7 7 49
Then, x × 13x = 2197 7 7
x=3×5×7
 13x2 = 2197 1
13 169 x = 105
2197 Hence, there were 105 students in the school.
 x =2
= 169 13 13
13
1 9. 27783 = (3 × 3) × (3 × 3) × (7 × 7) × 7 3 27783
 x= 169
The number 7 is left unpaired. 3 9261
=
13  13 So, 7 is multiplied to the number to 3 3087
x = 13 make a perfect square number. 3 1029
 One number is 13 and the other number is 7 343
169. Hence, required numbers are 13 and 169.
7 49
6. Let the number be x.
7 7
 Other number will be 3x.
1
Then, x × 3x = 5292 2 1764
10. Let the number be x. Then, the other number is
 3x2 = 5292 2 882
2205
5292 3 441 .
 x2 = = 1764 x
3 3 147 3 3969
x 9
 x= 1764 7 49 Therefor, 2205 = 3 1323
5
7 7 3 441
x= 2 23 37 7 x
1 x2 9 3 147
x= 2×3×7  =
2205 5 7 49
x = 42
9 7 7
 One number is 42 and the other number is 126.  x2 = × 2205
5 1
Hence, required numbers are 42 and 126. = 9 × 441
x2 = 3969
Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 5
  x = 3969 2 400
2 200
x = 33 3 37 7
2 100
=3×3×7
x = 63 2 50
Hence, the required numbers are 5 25
63 and 35. 5 5
11. Let the number be x. Then, the other number is 1
4046 400 = 2  2  2  2  5  5
. Therefore,
x
x 7 400 = 2 × 2 × 5

4046 2 = 20
x 7 14161
(iii) 2645 5 2645
x 2
7 7 2023
 = 2645 = 5 × (23 × 23) 23 529
4046 2 17 289
The number 5 is left unpaired. 23 23
7 17 17
x2 = × 4046 So, the given number is
2 1 divided by 5 to get a square 1
= 7 × 2023 number.
x2 = 14161
2645
 x2 = 7 × 7 × 17 × 17   529
5 23 529
x = 7  7  17  17 23 23
529  23  23
x = 7 × 17 1
x = 119 529  23
Hence, the required numbers are 3 2925 EXERCISE 3.5
119 and 34. 3 975
12. (i) 2925 5 325 99
2925 = (3 × 3) × (5 × 5) × 13 1.
5 65 9 9801
The number 13 is left unpaired. 13 13 81
So, the given is divided by 13 to 189 1 7 0 1
1
get a square number. 1701
3 225 0
2925
So, = 225 3 75
13
5 25  9801 = 99
225 = 3  3  5  5 5 5 2.
1 2 3 4
225 = 3 × 5 = 15
2 0547 56
2 2800
(ii) 2800 4
2 1400 43 147
2800 = (2 × 2) × (2 × 2) × (5 × 5) × 7
2 700 129
The number 7 is left unpaired.
2 350 464 18 56
So, the given number is divided
by 7 to get a square number. So, 5 175 18 56
5 35 0
2800
  400 is a square number.. 7 7
7  54756  234
1

6 Answer Keys
3. 8.
93 1 6 5
9 8649 1 0272 25
81 1
183 549 26 172
549 156
0 325 16 25
16 25
 8649  93
0
4.
67  27225  165
6 4489 9.
36 1 4 3
127 889 1 0204 49
889 1
0 24 104
 96
4489  67
283 8 49
5. 8 49
57 0
5 3249
25  20449  143
107 749
749 10.
1 7 1
0
1 0292 41
 3249  57 1
27 192
6.
1 0 1 189
1 0102 01 341 3 41
1 3 41
201 02 01 0
2 01
0  29241  171

 10201  101
11.
7. 1 6 3
1 1 0 1 0265 69
1 0121 00 1
1 26 165
21 21 156
21 323 9 69
00 9 69
00 0
0

  26569  163
12100  110

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 7

12. 3. Least number of four-digits is 1000.
2 3 9 3 1
2 0571 21 6 1000
4 9
43 1 7 1 61 100
129 61
469 42 21 39
42 21 also, (32)2 = 1024
0
Now, (32)2 – 1000 = 1024 – 1000 = 24
 57121  239 We notice that (31)2 < 1000, Thus, if we added
24 to 1000, it becomes a perfect square.
EXERCISE 3.6 Hence, the smallest four digit square number is
1024.
1. (i) 36864  036864 , square root will have 3
digits. 4. (i)
7 1
(ii) 28900  028900 , square root will have 3 7 5 045
digits. 49
141 145
(iii) 106276  106276 , square root will have 3
141
digits.
4
(iv) 4507129  04507129 , square root will (71)2 < 5045 by 4. So, in order to get a perfect
have 4 digits. square number we subtract 4 from 5045.
(ii)
(v) 32400  032400 , square root will have 3
1 3 5
digits.
1 0182 65
(vi) 5625  5625 , square root will have 2 1
digits. 23 82
69
(vii) 24336  024336 , square root will have 3 265 13 65
digits. 13 25
2. The greatest five digit number is 99999. Let us 40
find square root of 99999. (135)2 is less than 18265 by 40. So, in order
From the square root of 99999, we can notice to get a perfect square number, we subtract
that (316)2 is less then 99999 by 143. 40 from 18265.
If we subtracted the remainder 143 from the (iii)
number, we get a perfect square number. 4 4 1
31 6 4 1944 91
3 0999 99 16
9 84 344
61 99 336
61 881 8 91
626 3899 8 81
3756 10
143 (441)2 is less than 194491 by 10. So, in order
 99999 – 143 = 99856 is the required number. to get a perfect square number, we
Hence, the greatest five digit number is 99856 subtracted 10 from 194491.

8 Answer Keys
 (iv)  (71)2 > 4931 > (70)2
1 6 2 Thus, (71)2 – 4931 = 5041 – 4931 = 110
1 0265 35 Hence, the given number to be added is
1 110.
26 165
156 EXERCISE 3.7
322 935
644 16 16
291 1. (i) 
25 25
(162)2 < 26535 by 291. So, in order to get a 4 5
perfect square number, we subtracted 291 4 16 5 25
from 26535.
16 25
5. (i) The given number is 3720. 0 0

6 1 4

6 3720 5
36
12 120 16 4
Hence, 
121 25 5

(60)2 = 3600, (61)2 = 3721 1 25

(ii) 6 
(61)2 > 3720 > (60)2 4 4
Thus, (61)2 – 3720 = 3721 – 3720 = 1
5 2
Hence, the number to be added is 1. 5 25 2 04
(ii) The given number is 115580. 25 4
3 3 9 0 0
3 1155 80
9 5
63 255 
4
189
669 66 80 1 5
Hence, 6 
60 21 4 4
659
1 676
Also (339)2 = 114921 (iii) 27 
25 25
(340)2 = 115600
2 6 5
(340)2 > 115580 > (339)2
2 0676 5 25
Thus, (340)2 – 115580 = 115600 – 115580 = 20
4 25
Hence, the number to be added is 20.
46 276 0
(iii) The given number is 4931. 276
7 0 0
7 4931
49 26

14 31 5

Since, 1 26
Hence, 27 
(70)2 = 4900 and (71)2 = 5041. 25 5

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 9

 1 8 1 3
9 121
(iv) 7  1 0324 1 0169
16 16
1 1
11 4 28 224 23 69
1 121 4 16 224 69
1 16 0 0
21 21 0
21 155 18
Hence, 1 
0 169 13

11 145 1681
 (iv) 6 
4 256 256
4 1 1 6
9 11 4 1681 1 0256
Hence, 7 
10 4 16 1
81 81 26 156
80
2. (i) The given fraction is . On simplifying, 81 156
405
0 0
80 16

405 81 145 41
Hence, 6 
256 16
80 16 16
 
405 81 81 37 10201
(v) 84 
121 121
4 9
4 16 9 81 101 1 1
16 81 1 0102 01 1 0121
0 0 1 1
201 02 01 21 21
1 2 01 21
80 16 4
  0 0
405 81 9
37 101
1225 1225 Hence, 84 
(ii)  121 11
12321 12321
1183 169
3 5 1 1 1 (vi)  (By Simplification)
2023 289
3 1225 1 0123 21
9 1 13 17
65 325 21 23 1 0169 1 0289
325 21 1 1
0 221 221 23 69 27 189
221 69 189
0 0 0

1225 35 1183 13
Hence,  Hence, 
12321 111 2023 17

155 324 3. Area of a square field = (side)2

(iii) 1 
169 169 394
 (side)2 = 23 sq.m
729

10 Answer Keys
 394 17161 46 61 5
 side = 23  Hence, 75  8
729 729 49 7 7
1 3 1 27 841 841
(iii) 
1 0171 61 2 0729 1024 1024
1 4 29 32
23 71 47 329 2 0841 3 1024
69 329 4 9
261 2 61 0 49 441 62 124
2 61 441 124
0 0 0
131 23 841 29
Hence, side of a square field = m4 m Hence, 
27 27 1024 32
4.  side of the square field = Area
441  169
1 5041 6. (i)
= 35 = 441  169
44 144 21 13
71 12 2 0441 1 0169
7 5041 1 0144 4 1
49 1 41 41 23 69
141 141 22 44 41 69
141 44 0 0
0 0
441  169 21  13 34 17
71 11 Thus,   
Hence, side of the square field = m5 m 441  169 21  13 8 4
12 12
576  196
244 58564 58564 (ii)
5. (i) 80   576  196
729 729 729 2 1
2 4 2 27 2 05 6 1 01 6
2 0585 64 2 0729 4 1
4 4 44 1 6 24 6
44 185 47 329 4 1 6 6
176 329 0
482 9 64 0
576  24 196  14
9 64
Thus,
0
576  196 24  14 38 19
244 242 26   
Hence, 80  8 576  196 24  14 10 5
729 27 27
46 3721 3721 720 144 144
(ii) 75   7. (i)   (On simplification)
49 49 49 1125 225 225
61 7
6 3721 7 49 1 0 4 1 0 5
36 49
121 121 0 22 4 25 5
121 4 5
0 0

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 11

 (iv)
720 12
Thus, 
1125 15 9 9 1
8
1521 169
(ii)  189 1 1
1764 196 1 1
1
1 1 1 0 6
Hence, 98.01  9.8
1
23 24 6 (v)
4 6 0 . 39
0 0 00. 1 5 2 1
00
1521 13 3 15
Thus, 
1764 14 9
69 621
EXERCISE 3.8 621
0
1. (i)
2. 2 5 Hence, 0.1521  0.39
2 0 5.0 6 2 5
(vi)
4 2 2. 3
42 106 2 0 4 9 7. 2 9
84 4
445 22 25 42 97
22 25 84
0 443 13 29
Hence, 13 29
5.0625  2.25
0
(ii) Hence, 497.29  22.3

5 3 6 2. (i)
1.73205
2
1 03.00 00 00 00 00
106 6
1
6
27 2 00
1 89
Hence, 31.36  5.6 343 11 00
10 29
(iii) 3462 71 00
69 24
7 5 4 346405 1 76 00 00
4 1 73 20 25
142 4 2 79 75
4
Hence, 3  1.73205
3  1.732
Hence, 51.84  7.2

12 Answer Keys
 (ii) 2.6457 7
2 07.00 00 00 00 (ii)  0.875
8
4 0.9354
46 3 00 0 0.87 50 00 00
2 76 0
524 24 00 9 87
20 96 81
5285 3 04 00 183 6 50
2 64 25 5 49
5290 39 75 00 1865 1 01 00
37 03 49 93 25
2 71 51 18704 7 75 00
7 48 16
Hence, 7  2.6457 26 84

7  2.646 7
3.3166   0.9354
(iii) 8
3 11.00 00 00 00
9 7
Hence,  0.935
63 2 00 8
1 89
2 14
661 11 00 (iii) 4   4.66666666
3 3
6 61 2.1602
6626 4 39 00 2 04.66 66 66 66
3 97 56 4
66326 41 44 00 41 66
39 79 56 41
1 64 44 426 25 66
25 56
Hence, 11  3.3166 43202 10 66 66
8 64 04
11  3.317
2 02 62
3. (i) 0.9486
0 0.90 00 00 00 2
0  4
 4.666666  2.1602
3
9 90
2
81 Hence, 4  2.160
3
184 9 00
7 36 3 3
(iv) 
1888 1 64 00 7 7
15104 We have, 3 = 1.732 and 7 = 2.646
18966 12 96 00
11 37 96 3 1.732
   0.6545
1 58 04 7 2.646

Hence, 0.9  0.9486 3

Hence,  0.655
or 7
0.9  0.949

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 13

4. (i) 7. Area of a square field = 1892.25 sq.m
0.021609
0.147  Area of a square field = (Side)2
0 0.02 16 09 00  (side)2 = 1892.25
0 side = 1892.25
1 02
43.5
1
4 18 92 . 25
24 1 16
16
96
83 2 92
287 20 09
2 49
20 09
865 43 25
0
43 25
Hence, 0.021609  0.147 0

(ii)  side = 43.25 m

0.00155236
0.0394 Hence, side of the square field = 43.25 m
0 00.00 15 52 36 8. Area of a square field = 37056.25 sq.m
0  Area of square field = (Side)2
0 00  (side)2 = 37056.25
00
3 15  side = 37056.25
9 192.5
69 6 52 1 03 70 56. 25
6 21 1
784 31 36 29 2 70
31 36 2 61
0 382 9 56
7 64
Hence,
0.00155236  0.0394
3845 1 92 25
5. Let the fraction be x. Then 0.42
1 92 25
x × x = 0.1764 0 0.17 64
0
 x2 = 0.1764 0
4 17  side = 192.50 m
x= 0.1764 16 Hence, side of the square field = 192.50 m
x = 0.42 82 1 64
42 21 1 64
= = 0
EXERCISE 3.9
100 50
21 1.
Hence, the required fraction is . 29
50
Look at the table, the entry in the column of
6. Let the fraction be x. Then,
x × x = 0.7225 0.85 29 is 5.385.
 x2 = 0.7225 0 0.72 25
 29  5.385 .
0
x = 0.7225
8 72 2. 47
x = 0.85
64
85 17 Look at the table, the entry in the column of
= = 165 8 25
100 20 8 25 47 is 6.856
17
Hence, required fraction is . 0  47  6.856 .
20
14 Answer Keys
3. 78 1521 9  169
10. 15.21 = 
Look at the table, the entry in the column of 100 100
78 is 8.832.
9  169
=
 78  8.832 . 10
3.00  13.00
4. 84 =
10
Look at the table, the entry in the column of
39
=  3.9
84 is 9.165. 10
 84  9.165 . Hence, 15.21 = 3.9

5. 1183 = 169  7  13 7  169  13  11. 21.92 =

2192
100
= 13 × 2.646
(from table 7 = 2.646) 16  137
=
= 34.398 100
Hence, 1183 = 34.398 4
= 137
10
6. 405 = 81  5  9 5  81  9  4
=  11.705
= 9 × 2.236 10
(from table 5  2.236 ) (from table 137  11.705 )
= 20.124 4  11.705
=  4.682
Hence, 405 = 20.124 10
= 4.68
7. 801 = 9  89  3 89 Hence, 21.92 = 4.68
= 3 × 9.434
(from table 89  9.434 ) 1314 9  146
12. 13.14 = 
= 28.302 100 100

Hence, 801 = 28.302 3

= 146
10
8. 250 = 25  10  5 10 3
= 5 × 3.162
=
10
 2  73 
(from table 10  3.162 ) 3
= (1.414  8.544)
= 15.81 10

Hence, (from table 2  1.414 & 73  8.544 )

250 = 18.81
9. 3
378 = 9  42  3 42 =  12.081
10
= 3 × 6.481
(from table 36.244
42  6.481 ) =  3.624
10
= 19.443
Hence, 13.14 = 3.62
Hence, 378 = 19.443

Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 15

 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
8317
13. 83.17 = 100
1. 390625 , square root will have 3 digits.
For 83.47 , we find approximate difference Hence, option (a) is correct.
2. We have, between n2 and (n + 1)2, there are 2n
between 84 and 83 . natural numbers. So, between (11)2 and (12)2
there are 2 × 11 = 22 natural numbers.
84 = 9.165 and 85 = 9.110 (from table)
Hence, option (c) is correct.
84 – 83 = 9.165 – 9.110 = 0.055 3. (11111)2 = 11111 × 11111
For the difference of 1 (= 84 – 83), the = 123454321
difference between 84 and 83 = 0.055 Hence, option (a) is correct.

For the difference 0.47 = 0.055 × 0.47 = 0.0259 4. 1.6  1.6 = 1.6  1.6
= 1.6
 83.47 = 9.110 + 0.0259
Hence, option (b) is correct.
= 9.1359
5. 0.8  1.8  0.8  1.8  1.44
Hence, 83.17 = 9.14 = 1.2
5945 237 Hence, option (c) correct.
14. 59.45 = 
100 4 6.
1 14
= 237 1 02 02
2
1 1
=
2
 3  79  24 1 02
4 96
1
=  (1.732  8.888) 6
2
(14)2 = 196 & (15)2 = 225
1
=  15.394 206 > (14)2 by 6.
2
= 7.697 So, 202 – (14)2 = 202 – 196 = 6
Thus, the number 6 must be subtracted from
Hence, 59.45 = 7.61 202 to make it a perfect square.
8345 Hence, option (a) is correct.
15. 83.45 = 100
9 9 3
7. 0.9   
333 10 10 3.162
=
4 (from table 10  3.152 )
= 0.94
3  111
= Hence, option (b) is correct.
4
8.
1.732  10.536 21
=
2 2 04 35
4
 3  1.732, 111  10.536  41 35
Hence, 41
83.45 = 9.124

16 Answer Keys
 Since, (20)2 = 480 and (21)2 = 441 15. Area of a square field = 196 sq.m
2 196
So, (20)2 < 435 < (21)2  Area of square field = (side)2
2 98
 (21)2 – 435 = 441 – 435 = 6  (side)2 = 196 sq.m
Thus, the number to be added is 6. 7 49
 side = 196m 7 7
Hence, option (d) is correct.
9. (7, 9, 11) = 2277 1
(11)2 = 121
side = 14 m
72 + 92 = 49 + 81 = 130
Hence, option (d) is correct.
 (11)2 < 72 + 92
(8, 15, 17) MENTAL MATHS CORNER
(17)2 = 289
A. True or False:
8 +152 = 64 + 225 = 289
2
1. The square of a prime number is prime.
(17)2 = 82 + 152, (It is a Pythagorean triplet)
(False)
(17, 21, 29)
2. There is no square number between 50 and
(29)2 = 841
60. (True)
(17)2 + (21)2 = 289 + 441
3. All square numbers are positive. (True)
= 730
 (29) > (17)2 + (21)2
2 4. The product of two square numbers is a
square number. (True)
And (2, 3, 5)
52 = 25 5. The difference between two square
numbers is a square number. (False)
2 +32 = 4 + 9 = 13
2

 52 > 22 + 32 6. The sum of two square numbers is a square

number. (False)
Hence, option (b) is correct.
7. A number ending with even number of
10. We have the numbers ends with 1, 9, 4, 5, 6 are zeros is always a perfect square. (False)
perfect squares. So, 441 is a perfect square.
8. The square of a natural number is either a
Hence, option (b) is correct. multiple of 3 or exceeds. The multiple of 3
3 1875
11. 1875 = 3 × (5 × 5) × (5 × 5) by 1. (True)
5 625
There are the number 3 is left B. Fill in the blanks:
5 125
unpaired
5 25 1. If x  y ; then y2 = x .
So, the given number should be
divided by 3 to make it perfect 5 5
2. Upto 100, there are only 10 numbers which
square. 1 are perfect squares.
Hence, option (c) is correct.
81
12. In the following number 6084 end with digit 4 3. A rational number whose square is is
64
(even). So its square ends with even digit.
9
Hence, option (b) is correct.
8
13. If a number has 1 or 9 in the unit place, then its
square ends with 1. 81 99 9
  
 (61)2 and (109)2 end with unit digit 1. 84 88 8
4. The number 57 and 246 when divided by 4
Hence option (b) and (d) is correct.
leave the remainder 1 and 2 respectively.
14. 72 = 2 × (2 × 2) × (3 × 3) 2 72
5. The sum of first 19 odd natural numbers is
The number 2 is left unpaired. 2 36 361.
 The given number must be 2 18  1 + 3 + 5 + ........ 19 times = (19)2 = 361
multiplied by 2 obtain a perfect 3 9  1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13 + 15 + 17 +
square. 3 3 19 + 21 + 23 + 25 + 27 + 29 + 31 + 33 +
1 35 + 37 = 361
Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 17
 6. A number ending with an odd number of 3. (26)2 = 26 × 26 = 676
zeros is never a perfect square. (10)2 + (24)2 = 100 + 576 = 676
7. Negative numbers have no square root in  (26)2 = (10)2 + (24)2
the system of rational numbers.
Hence, (10, 24, 26) is a Pythagorean triplet.
8. A number ending with 2 , 3 , 7 or 8 is
never a perfect square. 4. We have between (n2) and (n + 1)2, there are 2n
natural numbers.
(i) between 35 and 36, there are 35 × 2 = 70
Review Exercise natural numbers.
1. (i) 5184 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 2 5184 (ii) between 100 and 101, there are 100 × 2 = 200
2 2592 natural numbers.
5184 = 2×2×2×2×2×2×3×3×3×3
2 1296 (iii) between 80 and 81, there are 80 × 2 = 160
=2×2×2×3×3 2 648 natural numbers.
= 72 5. (i)
2 324
 5184 = 72 2 162 73
7 53 29
3 81
49
3 27
143 4 29
3 9
4 29
3 3 0
1
5329  73
3 1521 (ii)
(ii) 1521
241
1521 = 3 × 3 × 13 × 13 3 507
2 05 80 81
13 169 4
1521 = 3  3  13  13
13 13 44 1 80
= 3 × 13 = 39
1 1 76
Hence, 1521 = 39 481 4 81
2 3136 4 81
(iii) 3136 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 × 7 0
2 1568
2 784 58081  241
3136 = 2  2  2  2  2  2  7  7 (iii)
2 392
=2×2×2×7 5.1961
= 56 2 196 5 27 .00 00 00 00
2 98 25
3136 = 56 7 49 101 2 00
7 7 1 01
1 1029 99 00
2. 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ........ + 23 92 61
We have 1 + 3 + 5 + ....... (2n – 1) = n2 10386 6 39 00
 2n – 1 = 23 6 23 16
2n = 24 103921 15 84 00
n = 12 10 39 21
and n2 = (12)2 = 144 5 44 79
Hence,  27  5.1961
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + ............. + 23 = 144
Hence, 27  5.196
18 Answer Keys
 92 x2
6. 9 84 00  = 108  x2 = 108 × 27 = 2916
27
81
182 3 00 x = 2916 = 54
3 64 Hence, the required number is 54.

HOTS QUESTIONS
 (91)2 = 8281 & (92)2 = 8464
1. The largest 4 digit number is 9999.
(91)2 < 8400 < (92)2
The square root of 9999.
 (92)2 – 8400 = 8464 – 8400 = 64
99
Thus, the number 64 must be added to given
9 99 99
number to make a perfect square.
81
Now, 8400 + 64 = 8464
189 18 99
92
17 01
9 84 64
1 98
81
182 3 64  (99)2 = 9801,
3 64  99 2 < 9999 by 198, in order to 4 digit
0 largest square number. Subtracting 198
from 9999.
8464  92 Thus the required number is
(105)2  (104)2 11025  10816 209 9999 – 198 = 9801
7. (i)  
(6)2  (5) 2 36  25 9 2. Let the number be x, Then
(ii) 2 2
(2881) – (2880) = 8300161 – 8294400 x x 54
 = 486
= 5761 4 6 5 29 16
x2 25
8. Let the number of chairs in a row be x. Then  = 486
24 104 4 16
x × x = 3025 55 4 16
 x2 = 486 × 24 = 11664
 x2 = 3025 5 30 25 0
25 x = 11664 = 108
 x = 3025 = 55
105 5 25 Hence, the required number is 108.
Hence, there are 55 chairs in a row. 5 25
3. Let 2m = 18
0
 m= 9
9. The least number which is exactly divisible by
each of the numbers 8, 12, 15 and 20 is their  m – 1 = (9)2 – 1 = 81 – 1 = 80
2

L.C.M. and m2 + 1 = (9)2 + 1 = 81 + 1 = 82

2 8,12,15,20
L.C.M. of 8, 12, 15 and 20 Thus, the required Pythagorean triplet is
2 4, 6,15,10 (18, 80, 82).
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 120
3 2, 3, 15, 5
To make it least square
number be multiplied in 5 2, 1, 5, 5
number 120 by 2 × 3 × 5 i.e. 2, 1, 1, 1
30
So, the required least 108
number = 120 × 30 = 3600 1 01 16 64
10. Let the number be x. Then
1
x x 208 16 64
 = 108 16 64
3 9
0
Mathematics In Everyday Life-8 19
 Illustration for first ten lockers and first ten students is given below :
Students
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1 O
2 O C
3 O C
Locker Number

4 O C O
5 O C
6 O C O C
7 O C
8 O C O C
9 O C O
10 O C O C
O  Opening the locker
C  Closing the locker
If a number is a perfect square, it will have an odd number of factors
e.g., 9 has three (odd) factors 1, 3 and 9.
So, locker number 9 will be visited by 3 students (1st, 3rd, 9th). First
student will open the locker, third will close it and ninth will open it
again. (see illustration)
Whereas if a number is a non-perfect square, it will have an even
number of factors
e.g., 8 has four (even) factors 1, 2, 4 and 8.
So, locker number 8 will be visited by 4 students (1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th). First
student will open the locker, second will close it, fourth student will
open it and eighth will close it. (see illustration)
We see that, if a particular locker is visited an odd number of times
(in case of perfect squares) it will be open at the end of the procedure,
otherwise it will be closed (in case of non-perfect squares).
So, the open lockers are numbered 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, all
of which are perfect squares.
Total number of lockers opened is 10.

20 Answer Keys