Chapter 1: History and scope of microbiology
1. All of the following are Koch’s postulates EXCEPT:
a) The bacterium should be constantly associated with the lesions of the disease caused by it
b) It should be possible to isolate the bacterium in pure culture from the lesions
c) Inoculation of such pure cultures into suitable laboratory animals should reproduce the
disease
d) The bacterium need not be re-isolated from lesions produced in experimental animals
2. Which of the following organisms does not follow Koch’s postulates?
a) Mycobacterium leprae
b) Escherichia coli
c) Klebsiella species
d) Staphylococcus aureus
3. Stanley B. Prusiner was awarded the Nobel prize for his discovery of:
a) Prions
b) Cell-mediated immunity
c) Smallpox vaccine
d) Penicillin
4. The first scientist to have observed bacteria using a single lens microscope is:
a) Edward Jenner
b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
c) Alexander Fleming
d) Louis Pasteur
5. Who is the father of antiseptic surgery?
a) Robert Koch
b) Paul Ehrlich
c) Joseph Lister
d) Alexander Fleming
6. All of the following are contributions of Louis Pasteur EXCEPT:
a) The introduction of sterilisation techniques
b) The discovery of the vaccine for hydrophobia
c) The introduction of antiseptic techniques in surgery
d) The discovery of the principles of fermentation
7. The smallpox vaccine was discovered by:
a) Edward Jenner
b) Joseph Lister
c) Niels Jerne
d) Paul Ehrlich
8. Who is credited with the discovery of the electron microscope?
a) Antonie V Leeuwenhoek
b) Ernst Ruska
c) Niels Jerne
d) Frank Burnet
9. The first whole-genome sequence of a microbe was published in 1995. Which organism’s
genome was the first to be published in 1995?
a) H. influenzae
b) Staphylococcus aureus
c) Streptococcus pyogenes
d) Escherichia coli
10. Which of the following bacteria was discovered by Robert Koch?
a) Mycobacterium leprae
b) Vibrio cholerae
c) Treponemes
d) Clostridium tetani
