punctiferalis, Pyraustidae Biology The pest population is higher in the field during September-October. The pest is most active from July to October.
Eggs are pink, oval, flat laid singly or in group on leaves and other sott and the tender part of the plant. The eggs hatch in about a week. Larva: The larvae pass through 4-5instars and are full-fledged in 2-3 weeks Fully grown larvae are light brown with sparse hairs. Adult: Medium sized moth with a wingspan of about 20 mm The wings are orange-yellow with minute black spots. Nature of Damage and Symptoms The larvae bore into pseudo stems and feed on internal üssues resulting in yellowing and dryingof leaves of intested pseudo stems.
The presence of a bore-hole on the pseudo stem through which frass is extruded.
and yellow central shoot (dead heart) is a characteristic symptom of pest
The withered infestation.
Favourableconditions:
Temperature range 30-33"C and relative humidity range 60-90%.
Lamali geried 13.4- isa dryi The life cycle is completed in 4-5 Life Cyde weeks. 30.37-35.30 davs Three generations are completed in a year. Management Destroy the infested shoots, to kill harbouring caterpillars Place light traps @ 1/acre and operate between 6 and 10 pm to attract and trap the adult motis.
Collect and kill the trapped moths.
Rhizome scale: Aspidiotus hartii (Diaspididae: Hemiptera) Occurrence: The rhizome scale infests rhizomes in the field (at later stages) and in storage. Biology Egg: The eggs are transparent oval and yellowish in colour.
Nymphs: The crawlers emerge from the eggs usually within a day. Thecrawler searches out an appropriate spot on the rhizome and starts feeding by Sucking The male crawlers when fully mature pupate. The adult males move among the colonies for mating. Female: scales are circular (about 1mm diameter) and light brown to gray and appear as encrustations on the rhizomes.
Male: Male is orange coloured with transparent wings, distinct head,
thorax and abdomen.
Nature of Damage & symptoms:
Adult (female) scales feed on sap.
In initial stage of infestation, the white coloured scales are seen scattered on rhizomes and later they congregate near the growing buds. The severely infested rhizomes become shriveled and desiccated affecting itS germination. In field, infested plants look devitalized, pale and withered before drying completely.
At the time of harvest minute yellowish crawlers can be seen moving in large numbers and this s the
potential stage or aissemination.
Management Collect and destroy severely infested rhizomes Select healthy rhizomes free from scale infestation for using sowing purpose.
well rotten sheep manure / poultry manure in two splits @ 10
Apply tons/ha, first before planting and the second at the time of earthingup. 1.5 ml/l Drench soil with dimethoate 30 EC Soak seed rhizomes in solution of dimethoate 1.5 ml/1 before storing. Leafroller/skipper: Udaspes folus (Hesperiidae: Lepidoptera) Biology: Eg8 Pinkish oval flat eggs are laid singly or in groups or 2 or 3 on leaves. The egg-3 to 4 days. Larva:
Thereare five larval instars, fully grown larvae äre dark green with black head and constricted neck. The pest is abundant in the field during August- October. The larval period last for 12-21 days. Pupa: Pupation takes place on the same plant within a cell. Itis long and cylindrical, watery 8reen in colour. It has a long conical projection in front of the head. The most striking characteristic of the pupa is its proboscis. The pupal period last for 6-7 days.
Adult: Adults are medium sized with brownish black wings. Eight white spots on forewings. One large patch on hind wing. Nature of Damage & symptom: The larvae cut and fold the leaves, remain within and feed on them, pupate inside the leaf. Management Hand pick and destraoy the caterpillars Spray malathion 50 EC 2ml/ Rhizome maggot: Formosina flavipes, Celyplius sp (Chloropidae: Diptera) Eggs: cigar shaped and white in colour Larvae: maggots
Adult: fly Damage symptoms Rhizomes and roots are tunneled extensively by the maggots resulting in rotting of rhizomes. Management: Avoid using seed material from the infested fields. Spray-Dimethoate 1.5ml/ thizo mes, in insecticide solution of dimethoate 30 EC 1.5 for Soak seed storing Thrips: Panchaetothrips indicus (Thripidae: Thysanoptera) Biology:
Thrips reproduce by laying eggs.
Nymph: Nymphs emerge from the eggs. It takes between 7 and 12 days to develop from eggs into adult thrips. Adult:
Thrips are very small, have elongated abdomens and are yellowish or blackish in color. Adult is with fringed wings Nature &symptoms of damage: Damage the undersides of leaves by sucking their plant sap. Leaves become rolled up Turn pale and gradually dry-up Infestation is more common during post monsoon period especialy in drier regions of the country. Management: spraying with 0.05% dimethoate. Flea Beetle: Lema praeusta (Chrysomelidae: Coleoptera) feed leaf. These are recorded in Orissa and Both adults and grubs on
Kerala. to feed on leaves of cucurbits and sorghum L. praeusta are observed in fields. singly leaves. Incubation period is 8-10 days. Grub Adult lay eggs on
feeds on leaf tissue for 10-12 days and pupates in the soil. Adults emerge out form Adults are active during day time pupa, which lasts for 15-25 days. and feed on leaves. Longevity of the adults is 43-60 days. Pupa ADuT
Symptoms White Grub: Holotrichia sp
BiologV the onsetof
summer showers (May-June). ne whitegrubS Decome active with Bduit
They come out of the soil during the night.
The grubs feeds on the rhizomes of the turmeric.
Nature of Damage The lloine of leaves and wilting ne intialsyp removed from inEted plants an be removed soil easily. trom soil easily.
Management Provide adequate irrigation. found feeding on the trees. Collectand destroy adult beetles when they are
adults. Install lght traps to collect the Adopt crop rotation in the end emicareas
