Secant Method: This method has an advantage over the method of False position as it does not | £(Xp-1)f(%n)<0- yetix) Here also graph y=£(x)is approximated by a secant line but at each iteration, it is not necessary that the interval must contains the root. Page 2 0f12f 4 hel * & xy" as the initial limits of the interval, we write th © equation of / raking “ / the chord joining the point “A & B’ as , U)-£@0)) cy 45-9, dart yf) EEE em) 9 ES ol © (x Yeo) ses the x-axis is given by eta x-ani ‘The abscissa of the point when it cros: (1-0) 5 = Xx 2% —Fedsoan FD) In general _ nna) ee Xntt = ¥n~ Fee) Gnaad) x f (Xp) for n=1----- qd) ,4 not converge necessarily. This is a drawback of the secant method over the Page? of 2 A - 4 Poa) Xn fn) + Xp Fem) OT na ey Naf elt ee Porn) — Pont) Xr $%n) — MP ner) Mraod of false position which always converges but if Example 1: Find a real root of the equation xe= cos x using “Secant method “correct up to 4 decimal point. Solution: f(x)=cos x — xe* {{x0)=f(0)=cos 0-0. e°= 1-0=1>0 Te Came G1) f(x,)=f(1)=cos 1 — 1. e'= -2.17798 <0 py % fn) for n=1--———~ Mn-1 Fan) = Xn FO) $O% ) ~ VO%n-1) Matt = AF be nagForn=1 %1— Xo =~ FG) fq) SO 1-0 2 = 1-year 7: (2.17798) X2 =0.31467 Ff (%2) = (0.31467) = cos 0.31467 - 0.31467. e°91497 = 0.51986 Second iteration: For n=2 X27 Fee! Page dof 12 (x2) x3 = XQ- wa Rie 0.31467 —1 ai ee «~~ (0.51986) — (2.17798) " (0.51986) x3 = 0.31467 — X3 = 0.44673 f%3) = f (0.44673) = cos0.44673 - 0.44673. e44673 — 9.29534 Third iteration: For n=3 x3 = Fee TOO o4ae7g —0-48673 = 0.31467 5 29594) a ~ (20534) — (0.51986) \"" x4 = 0.5310 f (x4) = f (0.5310) = cos0.5310 - 0.5310. 953103 = —0.04294 Page S of 12-ourth iteration: frourth iteration: For n=4 xs i F(x) F@&%4) — Fs)" 0.5310 — 0.44673 x5 = 0.5310 — 5 (0.04294) (0.04294) — (0.20534) Xs = 0.51690 fs) = f (0.51690) = cos0.51690 - 0.51690. 051690 = 0.00261 Fifth iteration: For n=5 Xs — Xq x6 = x5 — SS Os) fs) — f%a) Page 6 of 12her ONS Xe = 0.51690 — ; mo 05310 261 I= 0.04294) 0.00261) X_ = 0.51775 f(x¢) = f (0.51775) = €080.51775 ~0.51775, eosi775 , = 0.00002; Sixth iteration: 24 For n=6 Xq = Xe - = 7a Fas" f (%) 0.51775 — 0.51690 (0.00002 k 24) x, = 051775 -— ’ (0.0000224) — (0.00261) x = 0.51776 X¢ = 0.51775 = 0.5178 Page 7 of 12X7 = 0.51776 = 0.5178 required equation is “0. 5178” (correct to 4 d.p) so, root of: 2: Find a real root of the equation,x logyg x = 1.2Using Secant Secant Example 2: method correct up to 4 decimal point. F(x) = xlogyo x — 1.2 Ft) = F (2.5) = 2.5 logiy 2.5 — 1.2 = —0.20514998 < 0 F@) = F (3) = 3logio 3 — 1.2 = 0.23136376 > 0 Takingxp = 2.5 and x; = 3 eS fn) Using%n+1 = Xn — F@n)-Fn-a) Page 8 of 12 haus Haas Fy — Hn Ft) Homn) — $O%n-1) het2,3, .| “ ~ Y * “e pirst iteration: For n=l yom fa) ~ Fo) FG) 3-25 (0.23136376) * = 3 73136576) = (-0.20514898)" © Xq = 2.734987 f (i) = f (2.734987) = 2.734987 logs 2.734987 — 1.2 = —0.004933 Second iteration: For n=2 Xq—%y x3 =~ Fe) — FO) Page 9of 12 £2)X3 = 2.734987 — ——_ 27349873 (—0.004933) — (0.23136376 5: (0.004933) X3 = 2.7405195 f(%3) = f(2.7405195) = 2.7405195 logy9 2.7405195 — 1.2 = —0.0001104 Third iteration: For n=3 (xs) X4 = X3 x2 f' FG) — fa)" 2.7405195 — 2.734987 aim wee 7010001104) = (0.004933) 00001104) x4 = 2.7405195 — x4 = 2.740646 Ff (%4) = f (2.740646) = 2.740646 logy 2.740646 — 1.2 = —0.000000084 Page 10 of 12fourth iteration: For n=4 dat = 4 — X3 *5 =~ FG) =F) TO ages 2.740646 — 2.7405195 ojsntagdee4) xs = 2.740646 — (9 990000084) — (—0.0001104) Xs = 2.740646 x4 = 2.740646 = 2.7406 Xs = 2.740646 = 2.7406 So, root of required equation is “2.7406” (correct to 4 d.p) Page 31 of 12a EAL AONSY EXERCISE Find a root of the following equations correct to 4 (d.p) using Secant method ()x-x+x-7=0 (2)x3+x-1=0 (3)xtanx = 41 Page 12 of 12