BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS VI

PREFACE xiii
A NOTE TO THE STUDENT XVI

MATH ASSESSMENT MA- 1

PART 1: VECTOR ANALYSIS

1 VECTOR ALGEBRA 3 (Suggested Background Reading)

1.1 Introduction 3
t 1.2 A Preview of the Book 4
1.3 Scalars and Vectors 4
1.4 Unit Vector 5
1.5 Vector Addition and Subtraction 6
1.6 Position and Distance Vectors 7
1.7 Vector Multiplication 11
1.8 Components of a Vector 16
Summary 23
Review Questions 23
Problems 25

2 COORDINATE SYSTEMS AND TRANSFORMATION 29

2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Cartesian Coordinates (x, y, z) 30
2.3 Circular Cylindrical Coordinates (p, cp, z) 30
2.4 Spherical Coordinates (r, (}, <P) 33
t2.5 Constant-Coordinate Surfaces 42
Summary 49
Review Questions 50
Problems 52

3 VECTOR CALCULUS 57
3.1 Introduction 57
3.2 Differential Length, Area, and Volume 57
3.3 Line, Surface, and Volume Integrals 64

tIndicates sections that may be skipped, explained briefly, or assigned as homework if the text is covered in one
semester.

..
VII
viii CONTENTS

3.4 Del Operator 67

3.5 Gradient of a Scalar 69
3.6 Divergence of a Vector and Divergence Theorem 73
3.7 Curl of a Vector and Stokes's Theorem 80
3.8 Laplacian of a Scalar 88
t3.9 Classification of Vector Fields 90
Summary 95
Review Questions 96
Problems 98

PART 2: ELECTROSTATICS

4 ELECTROSTATIC FIELDS 109

4.1 Introduction 109
4.2 Coulomb's Law and Field Intensity 110
4.3 Electric Fields Due to Continuous Charge Distributions 117
4.4 Electric Flux Density 128
4.5 Gauss's Law-Maxwell's Equation 130
4.6 Applications of Gauss's Law 132
4.7 Electric Potential 139
4.8 Relationship between E and V-Maxwell's Equation 145
4.9 An Electric Dipole and Flux Lines 148
4.10 Energy Density in Electrostatic Fields 152
t4.11 Application Note-Electrostatic Discharge 157
Summary 162
Review Questions 165
Problems 166

s ELECTRIC FIELDS IN MATERIAL SPACE 175

5.1 Introduction 175
5.2 Properties of Materials 175
5.3 Convection and Conduction Currents 176
5.4 Conductors 179
5.5 Polarization in Dielectrics 185
5.6 Dielectric Constant and Strength 188
ts.7 Linear, Isotropic, and Homogeneous Dielectrics 189
5.8 Continuity Equation and Relaxation Time 194
5.9 Boundary Conditions 196
ts.10 Application Note- Materials with High Dielectric Constant 205
t5.ll Application Note-Graphene 206
Summary 210
Review Questions 211
Problems 213
 CONTENTS ix

6 ELECTROSTATIC BOUNDARY-VALUE PROBLEMS 219

6.1 Introduction 219
6.2 Poisson's and Laplace's Equations 219
t 6.3 Uniqueness Theorem 221
6.4 General Procedures for Solving Poisson's or Laplace's Equation 222
6.5 Resistance and Capacitance 243
6.6 Method of Images 260
t 6. 7 Application Note- Capacitance of Micro strip Lines 266
t 6.8 Application Note-RF MEMS 269
Summary 272
Review Questions 273
Problems 274

PART 3: MAG N ETOSTATICS

7 MAGNETOSTATIC FIELDS 287

7.1 Introduction 287
7.2 Biot-Savart's Law 288
7 .3 Ampere's Circuit Law-Maxwell's Equation 299
7.4 Applications of Ampere's Law 299
7.5 Magnetic Flux Density-Maxwell's Equation 307
7.6 Maxwell's Equations for Static Fields 309
7.7 Magnetic Scalar and Vector Potentials 310
t7.8 Derivation ofBiot- Savart's Law and Ampere's Law 316
t7.9 Application Note-Lightning 318
t7.10 Application Note-Polywells 319
Summary 323
Review Questions 325
Problems 328

8 MAGNETIC FORCES, MATERIALS, AND DEVICES 337

8.1 Introduction 337
8.2 Forces Due to Magnetic Fields 337
8.3 Magnetic Torque and Moment 349
8.4 A Magnetic Dipole 351
8.5 Magnetization in Materials 356
t8.6 Classification of Materials 360
8.7 Magnetic Boundary Conditions 364
8.8 Inductors and Inductances 369
8.9 Magnetic Energy 372
t8.10 Magnetic Circuits 380
t8.1 l Force on Magnetic Materials 382
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ts.12 Application Note-Magnetic Levitation 387

ts.13 Application Note-Hall Effect 389
Summary 392
Review Questions 394
Problems 396

PART 4: WAVES AND APPLICATIONS

9 MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS 407 (Suggested sections for 3909)

9.1 Introduction 407

9.2 Faraday's Law 408
9.3 Transformer and Motional Electromotive Forces 410
9.4 Displacement Current 419
9.5 Maxwell's Equations in Final Forms 422
t 9.6 Time-Varying Potentials 425
9.7 Time-Harmonic Fields 427
t 9 .8 Application N ote-Memristor 440
t 9.9 Application Note-Optical Nanocircuits 441
Summary 444
Review Questions 445
Problems 447

10 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION 455

10.1 Introduction 455
t 10.2 Waves in General 456
10.3 Wave Propagation in Lossy Dielectrics 462
10.4 Plane Waves in Lossless Dielectrics 469
10.5 Plane Waves in Free Space 469
10.6 Plane Waves in Good Conductors 471
10.7 Wave Polarization 480
10.8 Power and the Poynting Vector 484
10.9 Reflection of a Plane Wave at Normal Incidence 488
t 10.10 Reflection of a Plane Wave at Oblique Incidence 499
t IO.I l Application Note-Microwaves 511
t 10.12 Application Note-60 GHz Technology 516
Summary 519
Review Questions 520
Problems 522

11 TRANSMISSION LINES 535

I I.I Introduction 535
11.2 Transmission Line Parameters 536
11.3 Transmission Line Equations 539
 CONTENTS xi

11.4 Input Impedance, Standing Wave Ratio, and Power 546

11.5 The Smith Chart 554
11.6 Some Applications of Transmission Lines 567
t ll.7 Transients on Transmission Lines 574
t l 1.8 Application Note-Microstrip Lines and Characterization
of Data Cables 586
t l 1.9 Application Note-Metamaterials 594
t ll.10 Application Note-Microwave Imaging 595
Summary 598
Review Questions 600
Problems 602

12 WAVEGUIDES 613 To be covered depending on the timing

12.1 Introduction 613

12.2 Rectangular Waveguides 614
12.3 Transverse Magnetic (TM) Modes 618
12.4 Transverse Electric (TE) Modes 623
12.5 Wave Propagation in the Guide 634
12.6 Power Transmission and Attenuation 636
t12.7 Waveguide Current and Mode Excitation 640
12.8 Waveguide Resonators 646
t12.9 Application Note-Optical Fiber 652
t12.10 Application Note-Cloaking and Invisibility 658
Summary 660
Review Questions 662
Problems 663

13 ANTENNAS 671
13.1 Introduction 671
13.2 Hertzian Dipole 673
13.3 Half-Wave Dipole Antenna 677
13.4 Quarter-Wave Monopole Antenna 681
13.5 Small-Loop Antenna 682
13.6 Antenna Characteristics 687
13.7 Antenna Arrays 695
t13.8 Effective Area and the Friis Equation 705
t13.9 The Radar Equation 708
t13.10 Application Note-Electromagnetic Interference and
Compatibility 712
t 13.1 l Application Note-Textile Antennas and Sensors 717
t13.12 Application Note-RFID 719
Summary 722
Review Questions 723
Problems 724

To be yet covered in the course

xii CONTENTS

14 NUMERICAL METHODS 733

14.1 Introduction 733
t 14.2 Field Plotting 734
14.3 The Finite Difference Method 742
14.4 The Moment Method 755
14.5 The Finite Element Method 767
t 14.6 Application N ote-Microstrip Lines 786
t 14.7 Application Note- Commercial EM Software- FEKO 794
t 14.8 Application Note-Commercial EM Software-COMSOL
Multiphysics 796
t 14.9 Application Note-Commercial EM Software-CST Microwave
Studio 797
Summary 800
Review Questions 800
Problems 802

APPENDIX A Mathematical Formulas 815

APPENDIX B Material Constants 824
APPENDIX C MATLAB 826
APPENDIX D The Complete Smith Chart 839
APPENDIX E Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems 840
INDEX 867