Question 1
--> delta = 0.1; // Define damping ratio δ
--> s = poly(0, 's'); // Define the transfer function G(s) = 1 / (s^2 + 2*δ*s + 36)
--> P = 1/(s^2+2*delta*s+36) // Our function
P = [rational] of s
1
-------------
36 +0.2s +s^2
--> P = syslin('c',P) // Continuous-time system
P = [rational] of s
1
-------------
36 +0.2s +s^2
--> t = 0:0.1:50; // Time vector
--> u = ones(t); // step input of size t
--> y = csim(u, t, P); // for simulating the time response of a system based on a defined input
signal
--> subplot(2, 1, 1);
--> plot(t, y);
delta = 0.1; // Define damping ratio δ
--> s = poly(0, 's'); // Define the transfer function G(s) = 1 / (s^2 + 2*δ*s + 36)
--> P = 1/(s^2+2*delta*s+36) // Our function
P = [rational] of s
1
-------------
36 +0.2s +s^2
--> P = syslin('c',P) // Continuous-time system
P = [rational] of s
1
-------------
36 +0.2s +s^2
--> t = 0:0.1:50; // Time vector
--> u = ones(t); // step input of size t
--> y = csim(u, t, P); // for simulating the time response of a system based on a defined input
signal
--> subplot(2, 1, 1);
--> plot(t, y);
--> // Closed-loop transfer function T(s) = G(s) / (1 + G(s))
--> H = 1; // Unity feedback
--> T = P / (1 + P *H); // Closed-loop transfer function
-->
--> y2 = csim(u, t, T);
--> subplot(2, 1, 2);
--> plot(t, y2);
--> title("Step Response of the Plant – Closed Loop");
--> xlabel("Time (s)");
--> ylabel("Amplitude");
Question 2
s = poly(0, 's');
--> // Define the damping ratio
--> zeta1 = 0.9;
--> zeta2 = 6;
--> zeta3 = 20;
--> // Define the transfer functions for each case
--> H1 = 1 / (s^2 + 2*zeta1*s + 36);
--> H2 = 1 / (s^2 + 2*zeta2*s + 36);
--> H3 = 1 / (s^2 + 2*zeta3*s + 36);
--> // Create the continuous-time systems
--> sys1 = syslin('c', H1);
--> sys2 = syslin('c', H2);
--> sys3 = syslin('c', H3);
--> // Define the time vector (0 to 20 seconds)
--> t = 0:0.1:20;
--> // Define the step input (vector of ones)
--> u = ones(t);
--> // Simulate the responses of each system
--> y1 = csim(u, t, sys1);
--> y2 = csim(u, t, sys2);
--> y3 = csim(u, t, sys3);
--> // Plot the responses
--> plot(t, y1, 'r', t, y2, 'g', t, y3, 'b');
--> legend('z1', 'z2', 'z3');
--> xlabel('Time (s)');
--> ylabel('Output');
--> title('Step Response for a Second-Order System');
Question 6
f=logspace(-5,2,1000);
w=2*%pi*f; // convert to rad/s
Pmag=zeros(1,1000);
Pph=zeros(1,1000);
for k=1:1000, // compute P(jw) at each frequency point
P=1/(-10*w(k)^2+0.1*%i*w(k));
[Pmag(k),Pph(k)]=polar(P);
end
Pmag = 20*log10(Pmag); // convert Pmag to dB
Pph = (180/%pi)*Pph; // convert Pph to degree
figure(2)
subplot(211),plot2d("ln",f,Pmag); // magnitude plot
xlabel("Frequency (Hz)");
ylabel("Magnitude");
subplot(212),plot2d("ln",f,Pph); // phase plot
xlabel("Frequency (Hz)");
ylabel("Phase (degree)");
