System PRESENTED BY SALMA KISHK Outline Review users type create, delete and switch users Introduction to linux file system navigate file system create, copy, moves, remove directories and files Linux component
commands ls cat uname cal 10 2023 date man tree apt What is a user account? A user account is a systematic approach to track and monitor the usage of system resources. Each user account contains two unique identifiers; username and UID.
user account
UID (User ID)
default shell, and password.
GID (Group ID) home directory
john:x:1002:1002:,,,:/home/john:/bin/bash Users type The root user account This is the main user account in Linux system. It is automatically created during the installation. It has the highest privilege in system. It can do any administrative work and can access any service. id : 0
The regular user account
This is the normal user account. During the installation, one regular user account is created automatically. After the installation, we can create as many regular user accounts as we need. It can perform only the tasks for which it is allowed and can access only those files and services for which it is authorized. id : >= 1000
The service account
Service accounts are created by installation packages when they are installed. dummy user dosn’t have home directory id : 0<id<1000 Practice id user_name display user id
tail /etc/passwd get information about users in system
tail /etc/shadow get users’ password Practice sudo su - switch to root user
su - username switch to username
useradd -u user_id -d home_directory -s
default_shell_used add new user Practice passwd user add password for user
adduser user_name another way to add user
userdel -r username delete user and home directory task Create a user account with the following attribute:
username: sara Fullname/comment: sara mohamed Password: 1234
show user details
File system Think of – File system as a building – Directory is a room – File is a desk
window vs linux File system for linux
/etc ==> it holds the configuration files of the system (passwd,
shadows and group)
/var ==> Variable data of the system, these files are dynamically changed (database files, mail directory, log files, printer and website content) File system for linux
/bin ==> user commands (binaries) ==> ls command
/sbin ==> system administration command
/lib ==> The /lib directory contains kernel modules and those shared library images (the C programming code library) needed to boot the system and run the commands in the root filesystem File system for linux
/home/ ==> standard user home (ali, ahmed, sami)
ex. /home/ali, /home/sami, /home/ahmed.
/root ==> super user home
File system for linux
/tmp ==> temp files that is deleted after 10 days
/dev ==> system devices (hard disks)
File system for linux
/dev ==> system devices (hard disks)
/boot ==> to boot the operating system (grub)
/usr ==> shared files between users
navigate file system pwd print work directory
cd path change directory
cd - last working directory
cd or cd ~ go to home directory
cd ~user_name go to username home directory
. ===> current working directory
.. ===> parent directory How to get path
1- Absolute path 2-Relative path
is defined as the path
is defined as the specifying related to the present the location of a file or working directly(pwd). It directory from the root starts at your current directory(/). directory and never starts with a / . For example absolute path : /home/cory relative path : ./../../cory
destination
current directory For example absolute path : /home/jono/photos relative path : ./photos
rm -r dir_name ------------> delete dir if not empty in this case terminal ask before delete any of dir contents
rm -rf dir ----> remove with out ask
Task Create the following hierarchy under your home directory?
then Remove dir11 in one-step.
Task Copy the /etc/passwd file to your home directory making its name is mypasswd.
Rename this new file to be oldpasswd.
Hint : search about mv using man
Task Copy the /etc/passwd file to your home directory making its name is mypasswd.
Rename this new file to be oldpasswd.
Hint : search about mv using man
Moving and Renaming Files and Directories mv options source(s) target -i ---------> Prevents you from accidentally overwriting existing files or directories Viewing File Content cat fname
more fname • Scrolling keys for the more command – Spacebar: moves forward on screen – b: move back one screen – /string: search forward for pattern – q: quit and return to the shell prompt
head –n fname show first n lines
tail -n fname show last n lines Editing Files with gedit 1- The gedit text editor is a graphical tool for editing text files.
gedit new_filename
2- Nano is a user-friendly, simple text editor, Unlike vim
editor or any other command-line editor, it doesn’t have any mode. It has an easy GUI(Graphical User Interface) which allows users to interact directly with the text in spite of switching between the modes as in vim editor.
nano new_filename task create text file using gedit or nano called hello.text and cat the contents Display the first 4 lines of /etc/passwd
