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18.observing Space-Telescopes

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48 views5 pages

18.observing Space-Telescopes

Uploaded by

hjshah47
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science and Technology - II

OBSERVING SPACE : TELESCOPES

1. Fill in the blanks with the proper words.


a. The wavelength of visible light is between …….. and ………
b. GMRT is used for ……. waves.
c. A certain X-ray telescope is named after scientist ………..
d. The first scientist to use a telescope for space observation was ...................
e. The biggest optical telescope in India is situated at ……….
Ans:
a. 400 nm to 800 nm
b. radio
c. Subramanyam Chandrashekhar
d. Galileo
e. Nainital

2. Form pairs
‘A’ Groups ‘B’ Groups
(i) X-rays (a) GMRT
(ii) Optical Telescope (b) ISRO
(iii) Indian radio telescope (c) Hubble
(iv) Launching artificial satellites (d) Chandra

Ans:
1. X-Ray – Chandra
2. Optical telescope – Hubble
3. Indian radio telescope – GMRT
4. Launching artificial satellite - ISRO

3. What are the difficulties in using ground based optical telescopes? How are
they overcome?
Ans:
Visible light and radio waves emitted by heavenly bodies in the space pass
through the atmosphere before reaching the earth surface. During this journey,
some light is absorbed by atmosphere and intensity of the light is absorbed by
atmosphere and intensity of the light reaching the earth surface decreases.
Besides, temperature and air pressure causes the atmospheric turbulence and
thus, light rays changes their path and shakes the position of the image. City
lights during night and bright sunlight during day also put limitation on using
optical telescopes can’t performs as cloud cover reduces the visibility. This
issue is overcome either of the following ways:
1. To reduce the intensity of these problems, optical telescopes are situated
on mountain top, away from inhabited places. However, limitation
caused due to atmosphere still persist.
2. To get rid of problems in situating telescope on the earth, scientists have
successfully placed the telescope in the space.
4. Which type, of telescopes can be made using a concave mirror, convex
mirror, plane mirror and a lens? Draw diagrams of these telescopes.
Ans:
By using this material, both Newtonian and Cassegrain types of optical
telescopes can be made as shown in the diagrams below :

5. Study the figure and answer the following questions

a. What type of telescope is shown in the figure?


Ans:
Telescope shown in the diagram is Newtonian type of telescope.

b. Label the main parts of the telescope.


Ans:
c. Which type of mirror does the telescope use?
Ans:
The telescope has used the concave mirror.

d. What other type of telescope uses a curved mirror?


Ans:
Another telescope which uses a concave mirror is Cassegrain type of optical
telescope.

e. Explain the working of the above telescope.


Ans:
The telescope shown above has a concave mirror, a plane mirror and an
eyepiece. This is a Newtonian type of telescope.
The distance between concave mirror and plane mirror can be adjusted and
thus, the focal length is also adjustable. The light rays coming in from the
distant object are parallel. When these parallel rays fall on the concave surface
of mirror, they reflect back as a diminished and inverted image on the plain
mirror in front. This image is again reflected back and serves as an object for
the eyepiece and acts like a simple microscope giving a magnified original
image. Observer then can see this image through an eyepiece.

6. Answer the following questions.


a. Explain the construction of Galileo’s telescope.
Ans:
Galileo’s telescope is a simple refracting telescope which consists of two
convex lenses called as objective and eyepiece.
Both lenses are arranged in a metal tube in such away that the distance between
them can be adjusted.
Construction of Galileo telescope

b. Explain the construction of a radio telescope.


Ans:

The structure of a radio telescope

Many heavenly bodies like stars, planets, Galaxies, emit radiations other than
visible light like X-rays, Gamma Rays, infrared rays, etc. Telescopes capable
to receive and produce images from such rays are called radio telescope. Radio
telescopes are made from one or more dishes of a particular parabolic shape.
As in optical telescope, the incident radio waves are gathered at a focal point
and later image is constructed with the help of computer. A giant radio
telescope can be formed by linking mini radio telescopes together. Giant Wave
Radio Telescope (GMRT) is erected at Narayangaon near Pune. This large
radio telescope is actually an interconnected 30 parabolic dishes spread over 25
sq. km area.

c. Why are optical telescopes located in uninhabited places on mountains?


Ans:
Visible light and radio waves emitted by heavenly bodies in the space passed
through the atmosphere before reaching the earth surface.
During this journey some light is absorbed by atmosphere and intensity of the
light reaching the earth surface decreases. Beside, temperature, cloud cover
and air pressure also cause the barriers to light rays.
City lights during night and bright sunlight during days also put limitation on
using optical telescopes on the earth.
To reduce the intensity of these problems, optical telescopes are situated on
mountain top.

d. Why can an X-ray telescope not be based on the earth?


Ans:
X-rays cannot reach up to surface of the earth due to certain constraints like
atmosphere, temperature, air pressure, cloud cover, etc. Hence, X-ray
telescope cannot be based on earth.

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