Solving Linear Equations: Handout
1. Introduction to Linear Equations
A linear equation is an equation that makes a straight line when graphed. It has the form:
ax + b = c
where:
- x is the variable,
- a, b, and c are constants.
2. Steps for Solving Linear Equations
To solve for x (or any variable), the goal is to isolate the variable on one side of the equation.
Here are the general steps:
1. Simplify Both Sides: Combine like terms on each side.
2. Use Inverse Operations: To isolate the variable, use the opposite (inverse) operations for
addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division.
3. Check Your Solution: Substitute the solution back into the original equation to ensure it
satisfies the equation.
3. Types of Linear Equations and Examples
A. One-Step Equations
To solve: Apply one inverse operation.
Example: x + 5 = 12
Step 1: Subtract 5 from both sides.
x = 12 - 5
Answer: x = 7
Example: 4x = 20
Step 1: Divide both sides by 4.
x = 20 / 4
Answer: x = 5
B. Two-Step Equations
To solve: Use two inverse operations.
Example: 2x + 3 = 11
Step 1: Subtract 3 from both sides.
2x = 8
Step 2: Divide both sides by 2.
x=4
C. Equations with Variables on Both Sides
To solve: Move all terms with variables to one side, and constants to the other.
Example: 3x + 4 = x + 10
Step 1: Subtract x from both sides.
2x + 4 = 10
Step 2: Subtract 4 from both sides.
2x = 6
Step 3: Divide both sides by 2.
x=3
D. Word Problem Example
Translate a word problem into an equation.
Problem: If three times a number plus 5 equals 20, find the number.
Step 1: Let the number be x.
Step 2: Write the equation: 3x + 5 = 20.
Step 3: Solve for x:
- Subtract 5 from both sides: 3x = 15
- Divide by 3: x = 5
4. Practice Problems
Solve the following:
1. x - 4 = 10
2. 5x = 25
3. 2x + 6 = 14
4. 4x - 3 = x + 9
5. If twice a number minus 3 equals 7, find the number.
5. Tips for Success
1. Always perform the same operation on both sides of the equation.
2. Double-check your work by plugging your answer back into the original equation.
3. Keep practicing to become more comfortable with different types of equations!
