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Concept Note Template Final Fear Project

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20 views3 pages

Concept Note Template Final Fear Project

Uploaded by

Evans Muoki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Automatic Tank Water Level Control System

Introduction

Water scarcity and wastage are growing global concerns, making the need for efficient water
management systems more crucial than ever. One critical area of concern is the monitoring and
control of water levels in storage tanks. Many residential, commercial, and industrial facilities
rely on these tanks for water storage, but manual monitoring often leads to issues like overflow
or dry tanks, resulting in water wastage or supply shortages. This project, Automatic Tank
Water Level Control System, aims to address these challenges by developing an automated
system that ensures optimal water levels in storage tanks without the need for manual
intervention.

Why: The Need for an Automatic Water Level Control System

Traditional methods of monitoring and controlling water levels in storage tanks rely on human
intervention, which is prone to errors and inefficiencies. Overflows due to forgotten pumps or
dry tanks from late manual switching can result in significant water wastage and potential
equipment damage. Moreover, with the increasing demand for water conservation and energy-
efficient systems, there is a pressing need for a solution that automates this process, minimizing
human error and reducing wastage.

Key Issues:

 Water Wastage: Overflow due to manual mismanagement leads to unnecessary water


loss.
 Energy Inefficiency: Pumps often operate longer than needed, consuming excess energy.
 Time Management: Regular manual monitoring is time-consuming and labour-
intensive.

Thus, an automatic water level control system is not just a convenience but a necessity in
ensuring effective water management and resource conservation.

What: System Overview

The Automatic Tank Water Level Control System is a microcontroller-based system that
monitors the water level in a storage tank and automatically activates or deactivates the water
pump based on the detected levels. It utilizes sensors to detect the water level and relay this
information to the controller. When the water level reaches a predetermined threshold (either too
low or too high), the system activates the pump to fill the tank or turns it off to prevent overflow.
System Components:

1. Water Level Sensors: These sensors detect the water levels at various points (low,
medium, high) inside the tank.
2. Microcontroller: The brain of the system, responsible for processing sensor data and
controlling the pump.
3. Relay Circuit: Acts as a switch for controlling the pump based on the microcontroller's
signals.
4. Water Pump: The motorized device responsible for transferring water into the tank.
5. Indicator LEDs/Buzzer: Provides visual or auditory alerts for low or full tank levels.

Working Principle:

 The water level sensors continuously monitor the water level in the tank.
 Once the water level falls below the lower limit, the sensors signal the microcontroller to
activate the pump.
 Conversely, when the tank reaches the full level, the pump is automatically turned off to
prevent overflow.

The system can be further enhanced with a user interface for manual control or additional
features like wireless notifications for maintenance and monitoring.

How: Design and Implementation

The design and implementation of the Automatic Tank Water Level Control System can be
divided into three major stages:

1. System Design and Component Selection:

The project starts by selecting appropriate sensors, microcontrollers, and relays. The most
commonly used sensors for water level detection are float switches, ultrasonic sensors, and
capacitive sensors. The microcontroller, such as an Arduino or PIC, will be chosen based on the
complexity of the system and desired functionality. A relay module is required to interface the
microcontroller with the pump, allowing safe switching of high-power devices.

2. Circuit Design and Prototyping:

Once components are selected, the next step is to design the circuit. This includes:

 Connecting the water level sensors to the input pins of the microcontroller.
 Interfacing the microcontroller with a relay module that controls the pump.
 Adding LED indicators or a buzzer for status feedback.
After designing the circuit, a prototype will be developed to test the system's functionality. The
prototype will allow verification of the sensor data, proper pump activation, and control logic.

3. Software Development and Integration:

The software (firmware) is developed for the microcontroller, which continuously reads the
sensor data and makes decisions about whether to activate or deactivate the pump. The software
must handle various scenarios, including power failure recovery and sensor malfunction.

The code for the microcontroller will be written in C/C++ or any appropriate language and will
include:

 Water Level Monitoring Algorithm: To check sensor values and identify low, medium,
and high water levels.
 Pump Control Logic: To turn the pump on or off based on predefined water level
thresholds.
 Status Indicators: To trigger visual or audible alerts when the water level reaches
critical points.

Once the software is integrated with the hardware, the entire system is tested under real-world
conditions. Further optimizations, like adding fail-safes or integrating with a mobile app for
remote control, can be explored based on the project scope.

Conclusion

The Automatic Tank Water Level Control System offers an efficient and reliable solution to
one of the most common water management problems. By automating the process of monitoring
and controlling water levels, the system reduces wastage, saves energy, and offers a significant
convenience for both residential and industrial applications. The project serves as an excellent
opportunity for Electrical Engineering students to apply their knowledge in embedded systems,
sensors, and automation.

Block Diagram

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