JAVA SE
(CORE JAVA)
LECTURE-30
Today’s Agenda
• String Handling.
• Different classes to handle String
• Constructors and Methods of class String.
String Handling
• Java provides 3 classes to handle Strings as per situation,
these are
1. String
2. StringBuffer
3. StringBuilder
*StringBuilder will be covered in the Multithreading chapter.
String class
• String objects in java are immutable i.e. content once stored
cannot be changed.
• For Example,
String city=“Bhopal”;
System.out.println(city);
city=“Indore”;
System.out.println(city);
Though the output will change but the Objects won’t.
Constructors of String
String():- String S=new String();
String(String):- String S=new String(“Bhopal”);
Difference in Initialization:-
String s1=new String(“Sky”);
String s2=new String(“Sky”);
String s3=“Sky”;
String s4=“Sky”;
Constructors of String
• To check the memory diagram we can compare the object
references,
String s1=new String(“Sky");
String s2=new String(“Sky");
String s3=“Sky";
String s4=“Sky";
System.out.println(s1==s2);
System.out.println(s3==s4);
Constructors of String
String(char[ ]):- Coverts a character array to String object.
String(char[ ],int1,int2):-
int1- Starting index
int2- Number of characters to be converted into String
char arr[ ]={‘H’, ‘e’, ‘l’, ‘l’, ‘o’};
String s=new String(arr,0,4);
System.out.println(s); Hell
• In java anything in “ ”(double quotes) is
considered to be a string to be precise a String
object.
• Example :- “Bhopal”.length(); 6
Methods of String class
• public boolean equals(Object):- Derived from Object
class. It compares object references when object of any other
class is passed. But it compares the strings when a String is
passed. So, every class can override equals in its own way.
• public boolean equalsIgnoreCase(String):- Method
belongs to String class and ignores case sensitivity.
Methods of String class
• public int compareTo(String):- Method belongs to String class and
compares string and returns 0 if true else difference of their ASCIIs.
• public int compareToIgnoreCase(String):- Similar to above method
but ignores case sensitivity.
• public int indexOf(int) :- Returns index of the character present in the
string, which is passed in the argument. If not found returns -1. It is a case
sensitive method.
• public int indexOf(String):- Accepts a substring as argument and
returns the beginning index where the substring occurs.
• public int length():- Gives length of string.
Methods of String class
• public char charAt(int):-Takes index number and gives character at
that index
public void getChars(int, int, char[ ], int):- Takes multiple
characters and pastes their copy to an array of characters.
public boolean startsWith(String):- Tests if this string starts with
the specified prefix.
public boolean startsWith(String,int):- Tests if this string starts
with the specified prefix beginning a specified index.
public boolean endWith(String):- Tests if this string ends with the
specified suffix.
Methods of String class
• public int lastIndexOf(int):- Returns the index within this
string of the last occurrence of the specified character.
• public int lastIndexOf(String):- Returns the index within this
string of the rightmost occurrence of the specified substring.
• public String substring(int, int):- Returns a new string that is
a substring of this string. The first argument is starting index for
substring and second argument is end index-1 of the substring.
• public String substring(int):- Returns the substring from index
passed as argument till the last index of the string.
Methods of String class
• public String toUpperCase( ):- Converts all the
characters of the String to upper case.
• public String toLowerCase( ):- Coverts all the characters
of the String lower case.
There won’t be any change in the calling String object, just a
copy of that String will be returned.
• public static String valueOf(any primitive data
type):- Returns the string representation of the passed data
type argument.
Class StringBuffer
• The objects of class StringBuffer in java are mutable i.e.
content of an object can be changed without creating a new
object.
• StringBuffer is used when data of a class may change in
future. Example, Salary of an employee.
• StringBuffer also has same methods as that of the class
String except some of them.
• StringBuffer is also present in the package java.lang.
Constructors of StringBuffer
• public StringBuffer( ):- Creates an object with size 16
characters initialized with ‘\0’.
• public StringBuffer( int):- Creates a string buffer with
specified capacity in the argument and initialized with null
character s.
• public StringBuffer( String):- The object is created and
initialized with the string passed in the argument and is
appended with 16 null characters(‘\0’).
Methods of Class
StringBuffer
• public int capacity( ):- This method returns the current
capacity. Using this method we can confirm the extra 16
characters reserved by java.
• public void ensureCapacity(int):- Increases capacity to
the argument passed.
• public StringBuffer append(String):- An overloaded
function and can append any data type.
StringBuffer s=new StringBuffer(“India”);
s.append(“is my country”);
System.out.println(s);
Methods of Class
StringBuffer
• public StringBuffer reverse( ):- As the name suggests it
reverses the original string.
start index, end index+1, new string
• public StringBuffer replace(int, int, String):- This
method replaces the characters in a substring of this
sequence with characters in the specified String.
StringBuffer s=new StringBuffer(“Hello World”);
s.replace(6, 11, “India”);
System.out.println(s); Hello India
End Of Lecture 30
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Agenda for Next Lecture:
1. Graphical User Interface in Java
