DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RELATIONS

AND FUNCTIONS
Relation- Is a rule that relates to(domain) a
second set of values(range)
Functions- It is a relation where each element
in the domain is related to one value in the
range by some rule.

DIFENITIONS
1. a linear function is a function of the
form f(x)= ax + b where an is not = to
0
2. a quadratic function is a function of
the 1
3. Polynomial of degree n is function
with the form f(x)= an^ x f a 1-x^n-1 …
+aj where n is not = to 0

EVALUATING FUNCTIONS
- Evaluating a function means replacing
the variable in the function, in this
case x with a value from the functions
domain and computing for the result.
To denote that we are evaluating g f at
a for some in the domain of f, we
write f(a)

To evaluate a function, we should:

- Directly replace the indicated value to
the given functions
- Perform the indicated operation; and
- Simplify the answer Recall
RECALL! that to determine by the graph if an equation
is a function, we have the vertical line test. If a
A FUNCTION IS A RELATION IN WHICH EVERY vertical line intersects the graph of an
ORDERED PAIR (X,Y) HAS ONE AND ONLY ONE equation more than one time, the equation
VALUE OF Y CORRESPONDING TO EACH VALUE graphed is NOT a function.
OF X.
 NOTE!!
A function f is one-to-one if for each x in the
domain of f there is exactly one y in the range
and no y in the range is the image of more
than one x in the domain. A function is not
FINDING the inverse of one - to - one function one-to-one if two different elements in the
domain correspond to the same element in
1. Replace f(x) with y. the range
2. Switch the x and the y.
Theorem:
3. (Algebraically) Solve for y.
Horizontal Line Test If horizontal lines intersect
4. Replace y with f-1(x). the graph of a function f in at most one point,
then f is one-to-one.

INVERSE:
EXAMPLES
An inverse relation is a relation that performs
the opposite operation on x (the domain).

HOW DO WE KNOW IF AN INVERSE

FUNCTION EXISTS?
INVERSE FUNCTIONS ONLY EXIST IF THE
ORIGINAL FUNCTION IS ONE-TO-ONE.
OTHERWISE IT IS AN INVERSE RELATION AND
CANNOT BE WRITTEN AS f-1(x).

What does it mean to be one-to-

one?
There are no repeated y values
PROPERTIES THAT TWO FUNCTIONS ARE
INVERSES
TWO FUNCTIONS 𝒇(𝒙)𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒈(𝒙) ARE
INVERSE FUNCTIONS IF AND ONLY
IF, FOR EACH X IN THE DOMAIN OF𝒈,𝒈(𝒙)IS
IN THE DOMAIN OF
𝒇𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇°𝒈 𝒙 =𝒇𝒈𝒙 =𝒙
FOR EACH X IN THE DOMAIN OF𝒈, 𝒈(𝒙)IS IN
THE DOMAIN OF 𝑔𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒅(𝒈°𝒇) (𝒙) =𝒈(𝒇(𝒙)) =x
Population GROWTH
On several instances, scientists will
start with a certain number of
bacteria or animals and watch how
TO DETERMINE THE INVERSE the population grows.
OF A ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTION,
Example 1.

FORM 𝒚=𝒇(𝒙);
A. WRITE THE FUNCTION IN THE
Let t=time in hours. At t=0 ,
there were initially 20 bacteria.

𝒙𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒚VARIABLES;
B. INTERCHANGE THE Suppose that the bacteria doubles
every 100 hours. Give an exponential
C. SOLVE FOR 𝒚IN TERMS OF THE 𝒙.
model for the bacteria as a function
of t after 400 hours .
Let t=time in days. At t=0 , there were
initially 20 bacteria. Suppose that the
bacteria doubles every 100 hours.
EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS Give an exponential model for the
bacteria as a function of
An EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION with t after 400 hours .
base b is a function of the form
x x Initially, at t=0 Number of
f ( x )=b ∨ y=b ,where b> 0 , b ≠1. bacteria = 20
at t=100 Number of
bacteria = 20(2)
at t=200 Number of
bacteria = 20(2)2
at t=300 Number of
bacteria = 20(2) 3
at t=400 Number of
bacteria = 20(2) 4
SOLUTION:
An exponential model for this
t
situation is at y=20(2)100

Exponential Models and

Population Growth
Suppose a quantity y doubles
every T units of time. If y 0 is the
initial amount, then the quantity y t
EXPONENTIAL DECAY : y= y 0 (½) T
after t units of time is given by
t Compound interest
y= y 0 (2) T .
Examples:
Mrs. Dela Cruz invested Php 100, 000
EXPONENTIAL DECAY in a company that offers 6% interest
compounded annually. How much
Example 2.
will this investment be worth at the
Suppose that the half-life of a end of each year for the next 5
certain radioactive substance is 10 years?
days and there are 10g initially,
Mrs. Dela Cruz invested Php 100, 000
determine the amount of substance
in a company that offers 6% interest
remaining after 30 days.
compounded annually. How much
Exponential functions can be used to will this investment be worth at the
model radioactive decay. end of each year for the next 5
years?
Example 2.
Soulution: Lett be the time in
Suppose that the half-life of a years. Then we have:
certain radioactive substance is 10
days and there are 10g initially, Initially, at t=o Investment =
determine the amount of substance 100, 000
remaining after 30 days.
at t=1Investment = 100,
Solution: 000(1.06)= PhP 106, 000
Let 𝒕=𝐭𝐢𝐦𝐞 in days. We use at t=2Investment = 106,
the fact the mass is halved every 10 000(1.06)= PhP 112, 360
days (from definition of half-life).
Thus, we have: at t=3Investment = 112, 360

at 𝒕=𝟎
(1.06)≈ 119, 101.60
Initially,
Amount of substance = 10 g at t=4Investment = 119,

at 𝒕=𝟏𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
101.60(1.06) ≈ 126, 247. 70

Amount of substance = 5 g at t=5Investment = 126, 247.

at 𝒕=𝟐𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
70(1.06) ≈ PhP 133, 822.56

Amount of substances = 2.5 g An exponential model for this

at 𝒕=𝟑𝟎 𝐝𝐚𝐲𝐬
situation is at y=100,000 (1.06)t .

Amount of substances = 1.25 Compound Interest

g
If a principal P is invested at
An exponential model for this an annual rate of r, compound
1
t annually, then the amount after t
situation is at y=10 ( ) 10 . years is given by A=P(1+r ) t .
2
Radioactive Decay The Natural Exponential
Functions
The half-life of a radioactive
substance is the time it takes for half The natural exponential
of the substance to decay. function is the function f ( x )=e x .
While an exponential function may f ( x )=e x
have various bases, a frequently
used based is the irrational number
e=2.71828
QUIZ BOWL
Exponential Functions,
equations, and Inequalities 1. A method used to determine
whether the graph is a function or
not. -Vertical line test
2. 2. Which of the following best
illustrates a function?
a. ｛(1,2), (2,3), (2,4), (3,5)}
b. ｛(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (5,5)｝
c. ｛(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (3,5)｝
d. ｛(1,2), (2,3), (3,4), (1,5)｝

3. In finding the horizontal asymptote, if

the highest degree of the numerator
is higher than the denominator then
the horizontal asymptote i
no horizontal asymptote.
4. What is the primary characteristic of a
function in mathematics?
FORMULAS: a. It can have multiple outputs for the
same input.
INVERSE b. It can have multiple inputs for the
𝒈𝒂𝒏𝒅(𝒈°𝒇) (𝒙) =𝒈(𝒇(𝒙)) =x
same output.
c. It is a relation between two sets of
TO DETERMINE THE INVERSE data.
OF A ONE-TO-ONE FUNCTION, d. It can have both real and imaginary

FORM 𝒚=𝒇(𝒙);
A. WRITE THE FUNCTION IN THE 5. The following are the ways of
representing a function except:
a. Mapping Diagram
𝒙𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒚VARIABLES;
B. INTERCHANGE THE
b. Solve

C. SOLVE FOR 𝒚IN TERMS OF THE 𝒙.

c. Set of ordered pairs
d. Graph
POPULATION GROWTH
6.
t
T
y= y 0 (2)
EXPONENTIAL DECAY
t
T
y= y 0 (½)
Compound Interest
by A=P ( 1+r ) t 7. When representing a piecewise
function, what distinguishes it from a
The Natural Exponential regular function or equation?
Functions
 a. A piecewise function comprises 15. Complete the statement: A function is
several equations each valid for a one-to-one if:
specific range of input values. - passes the horizontal line test
b. A piecewise function is always - no repetition of y values
continuous and differentiable. - one domain corresponds to one
c. A piecewise function must have a range
single, continuous equation that - it has an inverse
covers all possible input values. 16. What is the inverse of the following
d. A piecewise function is only used in ordered pairs ｛(1,3), (2,4), (3,5),
advanced calculus. (4,6)｝. {(3,1), (4,2), (5,3), (6,4)}
17. What is the result if a function that is
8. What is a function? not one-to-one is inverted? not a
a. A set of ordered pairs where each function
input has multiple corresponding 18.
outputs.
b. A mathematical operation that
combines two or more numbers.
c. A relation between two sets of
data, with some inputs having no
outputs.
d. A relation between two sets of data
in which each input is associated with
exactly one output.
19. All of the following are one-to-one
9. Two angles are complementary. One functions, EXCEPT:
angle is 10° less than thrice the other a. f(x) = x
angle. Find the measure of the bigger b. f(x) = 1
angle. 65° c. f(x) = x-1
10. Given the function p(x)=3x2−2x+1 and d. f(x) = x+2
n(x) = x+1, what is the correct way of 20. Given the function f(x) = x-9, what
composing (p+n)(x)? would be the value of the function if
a. (p+n)(x) = 3x2−2x+1 + x + 1 the value of x is greater or equal to 9?
b. (p+n)(x) =3x2+2x+1 = x + 1 a. Always positive
c. (p+n)(x) = 3x2−2x+1 = x + 1 b. Always negative
d. (p+n)(x) =3x2+2x+1 + x + 1 c. Undefined
11. In representing a rational function d. None of the above
through graphing, first you need to?
a.Plot the coordinates
b. Connect the coordinates
c. Make a table of values
d. None of the above
12. Given g(x) = x2 -3 and f(x) = 4-x.
Evaluate g(-3). g(-3) = 6
13. An inequality involving rational
expressions. -rational inequality
14.