PLC DL05
Programmable Logic
Controllers
+12V
+12V
NO +12V
C0 is the common of X0, X1, X2, and X3 C2 is the common of Y0, Y1, and Y2
NC
C1 is the common of X4, X5, X6, and X7 C3 is the common of Y3, Y4, and Y5
Pushbutton Panel Pushbutton Panel
1
Pushbutton Panel Relay Ladder Logic (RLL)
⇒ Relay Ladder Logic (RLL) is "hard-wired"
control through interconnections of relays,
limit switches, timers, counters, etc.
⇒ Changing the “program” required physically
moving the wires from the relays and limit
switches.
not very easy or convenient!
110VAC
NC contact
Control Relay - Not Activated Common
NO contact Output Y1
NC contact +
Vs= 24V Coil1
Common SW1 no current through
coil
NO contact
+ "control relay" not activated
Vs= 24V Coil1
SW1 no current through
coil +
"control relay" not activated Vs= 24V
SW1
+
C1
Vs= 24V
SW1 No current thru CR C1
C1 C1
No current thru CR Coil1 Y1
110VAC
Programmable Logic Controllers
NC contact
Common
Output Y1
NO contact
+
Coil1 ⇒ PLCswere developed in the early 60's to
Vs= 24V SW1 no current through
coil overcome this deficiencies of RLL
"control relay" not activated ►They use small programmable
microcomputers to save and run the
+
Vs= 24V
programs.
SW1
C1 is ON C1
⇒ Programming can still be done in relay
current through CR Coil1
C1 ladder logic (RLL), just like hard-wired.
C1 turns Y1
Y1 ON current through output Y1
2
PLC Memory PLC “Building Blocks” DL05
⇒ Digital memory consists of individual “bits”
(either “on” or “off”, “1” or “0”). Internal N.O. Contacts External N.O. Inputs
(C0 - C777) (X0 - X7)
⇒ Bits can be written to or read from.
⇒ Organized in groups of 8 bits = 1 byte.
C17 C16 C15 C14 C13 C12 C11 C10 Internal N.C. Contacts External N.C. Inputs
(C0 - C777) (X0 - X7)
1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
PLC “Building Blocks” DL05 Ladder Logic Control
⇒ Logic control is used with relatively simple ON/OFF
Internal Control Relays External Outputs systems - like pneumatics.
(C0 - C777) (Y0 - Y5) 120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1
LS-1
Sol. A CR-1A LS-1
CR-1B SOL-A
Pneumatic System
Relay Ladder Logic
(RLL) Control
Logic Control Components Control Relay - Not Activated
Current can flow
NC contact
thru NC and Common
Common
Normally Open 120 VAC
“Control”
Pushbutton Relay Coil NO contact
PB-1 CR-1
no current through
Normally coil
CR-1A LS-1 Closed "control relay" not activated
Normally
Limit Switch No current can flow
Open thru NO and Common
Relay CR-1B SOL-A Vpower
Contacts Solenoid
Coil
No current thru CR
3
Control Relay - Activated Normally Open Schematics
No current can flow
NC contact thru NC and Common
Common y p ( )
NO contact
current flowing
in coil Limit Momentary Pressure
Switch Contact Switch
"control relay" activated Pushbutton
Current can flow
thru NO and Common
Vpower
Manual Contacts
Current thru CR Switch
Normally Closed Schematics Output Schematics
Control
Limit Momentary Pressure Solenoid
Coil Relay Coil
Switch Contact Switch
Pushbutton
Manual Lamp Annunciator
Contacts (Horn)
Switch
Why is it called “Logic Control?” “OR” Example
IF (PB-1 is pressed) AND (LS-2 is activated)
IF (PB-1 is NOT pressed) OR (LS-1 is activated)
THEN (SOL-2 will be turned on)
THEN (CR-6 will be turned on)
CR-6
PB-1 LS-2 PB-1
SOL-2
LS-1
IF there is THEN current
continuity across will flow through
the inputs the output
4
“One Shot” - Single Stroke “One Shot” - Step #1
⇒ Pressing the pushbutton PB-
PB-1 will cause
⇒ Pressing the momentary contact pushbutton
the cylinder to extend and retract one time
PB-
PB-1 energizes the control relay CR-
CR-1
120 VAC 120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1 PB-1 CR-1
CR-1A LS-1 CR-1A
Sol. A LS-1 LS-1 LS-1
Sol. A
CR-1B SOL-A CR-1B SOL-A
Pneumatic System “Ladder” Logic Control
“One Shot” - Step #2 “One Shot” - Step #3
⇒ After control relay CR-
CR-1 energizes, normally ⇒ Control relay CR-
CR-1 is now energized by a 2nd
open contacts CR-
CR-1A and CR-
CR-1B activate path, solenoid SOL-
SOL-A also activates
120 VAC 120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1 PB-1 CR-1
CR-1A LS-1 CR-1A LS-1
Sol. A LS-1 Sol. A LS-1
CR-1B SOL-A CR-1B SOL-A
“One Shot” - Step #4 “One Shot” - Step #5
⇒ PB-
PB-1 is released, but control relay CR-
CR-1 is still ⇒ Solenoid A shifts the valve spool to the right,
energized by the 2nd path (“(“hold”
hold” circuit) and the cylinder begins to extend
120 VAC 120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1 PB-1 CR-1
CR-1A LS-1 CR-1A LS-1
Sol. A LS-1 Sol. A LS-1
CR-1B SOL-A CR-1B SOL-A
5
“One Shot” - Step #6 “One Shot” - Step #7
⇒ Cylinder activates the normally closed limit ⇒ With control relay CR-
CR-1 de-
de-activated, the
switch LS-
LS-1, which opens the hold circuit for contacts CR-
CR-1A and CR-
CR-1B return to their
control relay CR-
CR-1 normally open state
120 VAC 120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1 PB-1 CR-1
CR-1A LS-1 CR-1A LS-1
Sol. A LS-1 Sol. A LS-1
CR-1B SOL-A CR-1B SOL-A
Solenoid SOL-A is no longer energized
“One Shot” - Step #8 “One Shot” - Step #9
⇒ CR-
CR-1B is now open, SOL-
SOL-A is de-
de-activated, ⇒ Cylinder begins to retract, and “rolls off”
off” of
spring returns valve to default state LS-
LS-1, which returns to its N.C. state
120 VAC 120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1 PB-1 CR-1
CR-1A LS-1 CR-1A LS-1
Sol. A LS-1 Sol. A LS-1
CR-1B SOL-A CR-1B SOL-A
“One Shot” - Step #10
⇒ Cylinder fully retracts and system has
returned to the start-
start-up configuration
120 VAC
PB-1 CR-1
CR-1A LS-1
Sol. A LS-1
CR-1B SOL-A
