STATE BOARD MATHS NOTES

Chapter 7: Conic Section

Q.1) Find the equation of the parabola having (4,-8) as one of
extremities of parabola.
Let the equation of the parabola : y2 = 4ax Extremities of Latus –
Rectum : L = (a,2a) = (4,8) L’ = (a,-2a) = (4,-8) …. Given On comparing :
a = 4 Hence equation of the parabola : y2 = 4ax y2 = 4(4)x y2 = 16x

Q.2) Find the eccentricity of an ellipse, if the length of its latus rectum is
one-third of its minor axis.
Solution:
Let the equation of ellipse be x2a2+y2 b2=1, where a > b.
Length of latus rectum = 2b2a
Length of minor axis = 2b
According to the given condition,
Length of latus rectum = 13 (Minor axis)

Q.3. Find co-ordinates of focus, equation of directrix, length of latus

rectum and the co-ordinates of end points of latus rectum of the
parabola:

Given equation of the parabola is x2 = -8y.

Comparing this equation with x2 = -4by, we get
⇒ 4b = 8
⇒b=2
Co-ordinates of focus are S(0, -b), i.e., S(0, – 2)
Equation of the directrix is y – b = 0, i.e., y – 2 = 0
Length of latus rectum = 4b = 4(2) = 8
∴ Co-ordinates of end points of latus rectum are (2b, -b) and (-2b, -b),
i.e., (4, -2) and (-4, -2).

Q.4. Show that the line x – y = 5 is a tangent to the ellipse 9x2 + 16y2 =
144. Find the point of contact.
Solution:
Given equation of the ellipse is 9x2 + 16y2 = 144
x216+y29=1
Comparing this equation with x2a2+y2b2=1, we get
a2 = 16 and b2 = 9
Given equation of line is x – y = 5, i.e., y = x – 5
c2 = a2 m2 + b2
Comparing this equation with y = mx + c, we get
m = 1 and c = -5
For the line y = mx + c to be a tangent to the ellipse x2a2+y2b2=1, we
must have
c2 = a2 m2 + b2
c2 = (-5)2 = 25
a2 m2 + b2 = 16(1)2 + 9 = 16 + 9 = 25 = c2
The given line is a tangent to the given ellipse and point of contact
= (−a2 mc,b2c)
= ((−16)(1)−5,9−5)
= (165,−95)
Q.5.Find k, if the line 3x + 4y + k = 0 touches 9x2 + 16y2 = 144.
Solution:
Given equation of the ellipse is 9x2 + 16y2 = 144.
x216+y29=1
Comparing this equation with x2a2+y2 b2=1, we get
a2 = 16 and b2 = 9
Given equation of line is 3x + 4y + k = 0,
i.e., y = −34x−k4
Comparing this equation with y = mx + c, we get
m = −34 and c = −k4
For the line y = mx + c to be a tangent to the ellipse x2a2+y2b2=1, we
must have
c2 = a2 m2 + b2
(−k4)2=16(−34)2+9
k216 = 9 + 9
k216 = 18
k2 = 288
k = ±12√2
Q.6.Find the equation of the hyperbola with centre at the origin, length of
the conjugate axis as 10, and one of the foci as (-7, 0).
Solution:
Given, one of the foci of the hyperbola is (-7, 0).
Since this focus lies on the X-axis, it is a standard hyperbola.
Let the required equation of hyperbola be x2a2−y2b2=1
Length of conjugate axis = 2b
Given, length of conjugate axis = 10
⇒ 2b = 10
⇒b=5
⇒ b2 = 25
Co-ordinates of focus are (-ae, 0)
ae = 7
⇒ a2e2 = 49
Now, b2 = a2(e2 – 1)
⇒ 25 = 49 – a2
⇒ a2 = 49 – 25 = 24
The required equation of hyperbola is x224−y225=1

Q.4)Find the eccentricity of the hyperbola, which is conjugate to the

hyperbola x2 – 3y2 = 3
Solution:
Given, equation of hyperbola is x2 – 3y2 = 3.
x23−y21=1
Equation of the hyperbola conjugate to the above hyperbola is
y21−x23=1
Comparing this equation with y2b2−x2a2=1, we get
b2 = 1 and a2 = 3
Now, a2 = b2(e2 – 1)
⇒ 3 = 1(e2 – 1)
⇒3=e–1
⇒ e2 = 4
⇒ e = 2 …..[∵e> 1]
Chapter 8: Measures of Dispersion
1.Find range of the given data: 19, 27,1521,33,45,7,12,20,26.
Ans: Range=largest value-smallest value=45-7=38

2. Following data gives weights of 10 students (in kgs) in a certain

school. Find the range of the data.
70, 62, 38, 55, 43, 73, 36, 58, 65, 47

Ans: Smallest value=s=36

Largest Value =L=73

Range =L-S=73-36=37

3.Find variance and S.D. for the following set of numbers.

65, 77, 81, 98, 100, 80, 129
Solution:80, 129

Q. 4. Find the coefficient of variation of a sample that has a mean equal

to 25 and a standard deviation of 5.
Solution:

Compute the variance and S.D.

Solution:
Let u = x−Ah=x−341
Calculation of variance of u:

Question 5.
Following data gives ages of 100 students in a college. Calculate
variance and S.D.

Solution:
Let u = x−Ah=x−191
Chapter 9: Probability

Q.1.Find the probability of getting both red balls, when from a bag
containing 5 red and 4 black balls, two balls are drawn,
(i) with replacement
(ii) without replacement
Solution:
The bag contains 5 red and 4 black balls,
i.e., 5 + 4 = 9 balls.
(i) 2 balls can be drawn from 9 balls with replacement in 9C1×9C1 ways.
∴n(S) = 9C1×9C1 = 9 × 9 = 81
Let event A: Balls drawn are red.
2 red balls can be drawn from 5 red balls with replacement in 5C1×5C1
ways.
∴n(A) = 5C1×5C1 = 5 × 5 = 25
∴ P(A) = n(A)n(S)=2581

(ii) 2 balls can be drawn from 9 balls without replacement in 9C1×8C1

ways.
∴n(S) = 9C1×8C1 = 9 × 8 = 72
2 red balls can be drawn from 5 red balls without replacement in
5C1×4C1 ways.
∴n(B) = 5C1×4C1 = 5 × 4 = 20
∴ P(B) = n(B)n(S)=2072=518

Q.2.

A box contains 5 green pencils and 7 yellow pencils. Two pencils are
chosen at random from the box without replacement. What is the
probability that both are yellow?
Solution:
Total number of pencils = 5 + 7 = 12
Let event A: The first pencil chosen is yellow.
∴P(A) = 7C112C1=712
Let event B: The second pencil chosen is yellow.
Since the first yellow pencil is not replaced in the box, we now have 11
pencils, out of which 6 are yellow.
∴ Probability that the second pencil is yellow under the condition that the
first yellow pencil is not replaced in the box = P(B/A)
= 6C111C1
= 611
Required probability = P(A ∩ B)
= P(B/A) . P(A)
= 611×712
= 722

Q.3.If odds in favour of X solving a problem are 4 : 3 and odds against Y

solving the same problem are 2 : 3. Find the probability of:
(i) X solving the problem
(ii) Y solving the problem
Solution:
(i) Odds in favour of X solving a problem are 4 : 3.
∴The probability of X solving the problem is
P(X) = 44+3=47

ii) Odds against Y solving the problem are 2 : 3.

∴ The probability of Y solving the problem is
P(Y) = 1 – P(Y’)
= 1 – 22+3
= 1 – 25
= 35

Q.4. In a single toss of a fair die, what are the odds against the event
that number 3 or 4 turns up?
Solution:
When a fair die is tossed, the sample space is
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
∴ n(S) = 6
Let event A: 3 or 4 turns up.
∴ A = {3, 4}
∴ n(A) = 2
∴ P(A) = n(A)n(S) = 26=13
P(A’) = 1 – P(A) = 1 – 13 = 23
∴ Odds against the event A are P(A’) : P(A)
= 23:13
=2:1
Part 2
Chapter 6: Function
Q.1. If f(m) = m2 – 3m + 1, find

Ans:f(m) = m2 – 3m + 1
(i) f(0) = 02 – 3(0) + 1 = 1

(ii) f (-3) = (-3)2 – 3(-3) + 1

=9+9+1
= 19

iii) f(x + 1) = (x + 1)2 – 3(x + 1) + 1

= x2 + 2x + 1 – 3x – 3 + 1
= x2 – x – 1

(iv) f(-x) = (-x)2 – 3(-x) + 1 = x2 + 3x + 1

Q.2. If f(x)=3x+5, g(x)=6x-1, then find: (fg)(3).

Ans: (fg) (3) = f (3) g(3)
= [3(3) + 5] [6(3) – 1]
= (14) (17)
= 23
(i) (f + g) (x)
(ii) (f – g) (2):
f(x) = 3x + 5, g (x) = 6x – 1
(i) (f + g) (x) = f (x) + g (x)
= 3x + 5 + 6x – 1
= 9x + 4

Q.3.If f(x) = 2 |x| + 3x, then find

(i) f(2)
(ii) f(-5)
Solution:
f(x) = 2 |x| + 3x
(i) f(2) = 2|2| + 3(2)
= 2 (2) + 6 ….. [∵ |x| = x, x > 0]
= 10

(ii) f(-5) = 2 |-5| + 3(-5)

= 2(5) – 15 …..[∵ |x| = -x, x < 0]
= 10 – 15
= -5

Q.4. Find the domain and range of the following functions.

(i) f(x) = 7x2 + 4x – 1
Solution:
f(x) = 7x2 + 4x – 1
f is defined for all x.
∴ Domain of f = R (i.e., the set of real numbers)

∴ Range of f = [−117, ∞)
Chapter 7:Limits
Q 1.limz→−3[Z+6√Z]
Solution:

Q2..
limx→3[2x+6√x]
Solution:

Q.3. limz→2[z2−5z+6z2−4]
Solution:
Q.4.limx→π2[cos3x+3cosx(2x−π)3]
Solution:
Chapter 8: Continuity
Q.1.Examine the continuity of
(i) f(x) = x3 + 2x2 – x – 2 at x = -2
Solution:
Given, f(x) = x3 + 2x2 – x – 2
f(x) is a polynomial function and hence it is continuous for all x ∈ R.
∴ f(x) is continuous at x = -2.
(ii) f(x) = x2−9x−3, for x ≠ 3
= 8 for x = 3, at x = 3.
Solution:
f(3) = 8 ….(given)
∴ f(x) is discontinuous at x = 3.

Q.2.Find all the points of discontinuities of f(x) = [x] on the interval (-3, 2).
Solution:
f(x) = [x], x ∈ (-3, 2)
i.e., f(x) = -3, x ∈ (-3, -2)
= -2, x ∈ [-2, -1)
= -1, x ∈ [- 1, 0)
= 0, x ∈ [0, 1)
= 1, x ∈ [1, 2)
Similarly, f(x) is discontinuous at the points x = -1, x = 0, x = 1.
Thus all the integer values of x in the interval (-3, 2),
i.e., the points x = -2, x = -1, x = 0 and x = 1 are the required points of
discontinuities.

Chapter 9 : Differentiation

Q.1.Find the derivatives of the following w.r.t. x by using the method of

the first principle.
(a) x2 + 3x – 1
Solution:
Let f(x) = x2 + 3x – 1
∴ f(x + h) = (x + h)2 + 3(x + h) – 1
= x2 + 2xh + h2 + 3x + 3h – 1
By first principle, we get
Q.2. Show that f(x) = x2 is continuous and differentiable at x = 0.
Solution:

Q.3. II) Diffrentiate the following w.r.t. x.

1. y = x5 tan x
Solution:

2. y = x3 log x
Solution:

3. y = (x2 + 2)2 sin x

Solution:

4. y = ex log x
Solution:

Q.4. y= xlogxx+logx
Solution:
y = xlogxx+logx