Strings
Overview
The String object is used to represent and manipulate a sequence of characters.
It could be written with both single and double quotes.
Example: let str= “Coding Ninjas” ;
let str = ‘Coding Ninjas’ ;
Length
The length of the string could be found using built-in property.
Example: let text = "Coding Ninjas";
console.log( text.length) ; // Output 13
Quotes & backslash within Strings
Using double quotes and backslash within a string gives unexpected results.
Double quotes :
let str= “My “name” is Joe” ;
console.log( str ) ;
❖ The above line will give an error as an Unexpected identifier.
Solution: Use \” name \” instead.
Backslash :
let str = “My \name\ is Joe” ;
console.log( str ) ;
❖ The above line prints My name is Joe
Solution: Use \\ name \\ instead
1
Creating Strings
Strings are primitive data types created from literals.
let str = "Coding Ninjas" ;
typeOf( str ) ; //String
Strings can also be defined as objects with the keyword new as we did in arrays.
let str = new String("Coding Ninjas") ;
typeOf( str ) ; // Object
NOTE: Don't create strings as objects. It slows down execution speed.
The new keyword complicates the code. This can produce some unexpected results too
Comparing Strings
Using == operator :
let str1 = "Coding Ninjas" ;
let str2 = new String("Coding Ninjas") ;
console.log(str1 == str2) ; // true as only the values are checked and not the data type
Using === operator :
let str1 = "Coding Ninjas" ;
let str2 = new String("Coding Ninjas") ;
console.log(str1 === str2) ; // false because of strict equality operator , data types are
also checked
Objects can not be compared :
let str1 = new String("Coding Ninjas") ;
let str2 = new String("Coding Ninjas") ;
console.log(str1 === str2) ; // false
2
String Methods
1. substring( ) : It is used to find a contiguous sequence of characters within a
string using indxes
Example : let str = “Coding Ninjas” ;
str.substring( 2 ) ; // ding Ninjas
str.substring(3 , 8 ) ; // ing N
2. substr( ) : It is same as substring method , the difference is that the second
parameter specifies the length of the extracted part.
Example : let str = “Coding Ninjas” ;
str.substr( 2 , 4 ) ; // ding
3. replace( ) : It replaces a specified value with another value in a string . But it
does not affect the original string rather it makes another string the return the
result
Example : let str = “Hello World” ;
let str2 = str.replace("Hello", "Bye") ; // Bye world
4. toUpperCase( ) & toLowerCase( ) : toUpperCase( ) Converts the characters
of string to uppercase characters and vice-versa for toLowerCase( )
Example : let str = “Coding Ninjas” ;
let str2 = str.toUpperCase( ) ; // CODING NINJAS
let str3 = str.toLowerCase( ) ; // coding ninjas
5. trim( ) : This method removes whitespace from both sides of a string
Example : let str = “ Coding Ninjas ”;
let str2 = str.trim( ) ; // Coding Ninjas
3
Searching Methods in Strings
1. indexOf( ) : This method returns the index of (the position of) the first
occurrence of a specified character/text in a string
Example : let str = “Coding Ninjas” ;
str.indexOf(“Ninjas” ) ; // 7
str.indexOf(“N” ) ; // 7
str.indexOf(“n” ) ; // 4
str.indexOf(“ninjas” ) ; // -1
2. lastIndexOf( ) : This method returns the index of the last occurrence of a
specified character/text in a string
Example : let str = “Coding Ninjas” ;
str.lastIndexOf(“N” ) ; // 7
str.lastIndexOf(“n” ) ; // 9
3. includes( ) : This method returns true if a string contains a specified text
Example : let str = “Coding Ninjas” ;
str.includes(“Ninjas” ) ; // true
NOTE: These methods are case sensitive.
