RIZAL'S LIFE ABROAD

• On May 3, 1882, Jose Rizal quietly departed the

Philippines, with only his brother Paciano, two sisters,
and a few friends aware of his leaving.
• Rizal boarded the Spanish streamer Salvadora bound
for Singapore.
 SECRET MISSION IN SPAIN (1882-1885)

• to observe keenly the life and culture,

languages and customs, industries and
commerce, and governments and laws of
the European nations. In order to prepare
himself in the mighty task of liberating his
oppressed people from Spanish tyranny.
Secret Departure in Spain
• Rizal's departure in Spain was kept secret to avoid
detection by the Spain Authorities and the friars.
• Even his own parents were unaware of his secret
mission in Spain, as he knew they would not allow him
to go.

Before of Rizal's secret Departure

• He wrote a farewell letter to his beloved parents and
another one for his sweetheart Leonor Rivera , it was
both delivered shortly after he sailed away.
Jose's primary goal in leaving for Europe
in 1882 was to complete his education.
However, he had a secret mission: to study
European cultures, laws, and governments
for the eventual liberation of the
Philippines from Spanish rule.
 Rizal in Singapore
• On May 8, 1882 during his way to Singapore, Rizal saw
a beautiful island called "Talim Island with the Susong
Dalaga”

• On May 9, 1882, Rizal landed in Singapore and

registered at Hotel de la Paz and spent two days on a
sightseeing soiree of the city, which was a colony of
England.

• During his stay, Rizal visited the famous Botanical

Garden, the beautiful Buddhist temple, the busy
shopping district and the statue of Sir Thomas Stanford
Raffles (founder of Singapore.)
 Rizal's journey took him through several
countries. He arrived in Barcelona on June 16,
1882, after a month and a half of travel.
 Since it was summer vacation in Barcelona when he
arrived, he was able to meet and socialize with
acquaintances and former classmates from the Ateneo.
Rizal Life in Barcelona and Madrid
• During his summer vacation in Spain, he
was able to travel and meet some of the
Filipinos who live in the city.
• Rizal wrote an essay about how much he
loves and misses his homeland.

El Amor Patrio (Love of Country)

• It was the title of his first Nationalistic Essay,
which he wrote in Barcelona.

On August 20, 1882

• His essay was published in Dariong Tagalog and
was translated into Tagalog by Marcello H. Del
Pilar.
• In 1882, Jose Rizal went to Madrid, following his
brother Paciano's advice to stay there for its
central location and educational opportunities.
On November 3 , 1882
• Rizal was enrolled in UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE MADRID under
the course of Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.

• While waiting for classes to begin in Madrid, he enrolled in the

Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando for painting and traveled to
various historical sites and museums.
• Because of his involvement in various lessons and the
difficulty.

• During his stay in Madrid, Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano

Filipino.
• It is a group of Filipinos and Spaniards who want the
government to reform.
• He wrote Mi Piden Versos, a poem about the sadness of an
artist's son who lives in a place far from his origin.
• Aside from his studies and other art lesson, he had the
opportunity to meet Consuelo Ortiga Y Perez , the
daughter of Don Pablo who is the mayor of Manila.

• Rizal was fell inlove with Consuelo , but because

Eduardo de Lete was courting Consuelo, he did not
pursue his feelings for Consuelo and instead he wrote
a poem which showed his admiration to this lady.
• In Madrid, Rizal swiftly engaged by writing for
Diariong Tagalog under the pseudonym Laong Laan.

• His essay "El Amor Patrio" (Love of Country) was

published on August 20, 1882.
• This work focuses on the author's views on the
Philippines, depicting it as a cherished homeland
deserving love and protection.
In his essay, Rizal wrote:
After writing "El Amor Patrio," Rizal suspended writing
articles about the country because of his mother's
opposition.
• The essay raised concerns among Spanish
officials about Rizal's nationalism,
prompting his mother's fear of his arrest.
• Rizal also had a difficult time gaining
fame in Madrid, so, he decided to focus on
his studies instead.
• Jose Rizal had a difficult time
during his stay in Madrid.

• Rizal family faced financial decline

due to crop failures and rising
rentals of Dominican hacienda
lands in their hometown.
• As a result, the monthly allowance that Rizal received from
the Philippines was often delayed or not enough.

• As a student in Spain, Rizal depended on money from his

brother Paciano. He was advised not to work to stay
focused on his mission.

• Rizal lived frugally, allocating most of his money to

education. At times, he attended classes hungry, sacrificing
meals to cover exam fees and purchase necessary books
and tools.

• In his free time, he visited museums, read books, and

walked around hungry, satisfying his appetite with the
aroma of food from restaurants and cafes.
• On June 25, 1884, Rizal attended a
banquet celebrating the success
of Filipino painters Juan Luna and
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo at the
Exposición Nacional de Bellas
Artes.
Luna's painting "Spoliarium" won a gold
medal, while Hidalgo's painting
"Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al
Populacho" won a silver medal.
At the banquet, Rizal gave
a speech that would make
history.
Rizal's speech was recorded by the
reporters who attended the banquet,
and it was published in the magazine
"Los Dos Mundos."
 Rizal gained fame overnight as supportive Spaniards
lauded his progressive speech on Filipino equality, and
Filipinos supporting the Propaganda Movement
congratulated him.
Just as fame beckoned, Rizal found
out that his family was worried
about the impact of his "toast
speech".
• Despite the controversy caused by his speech, Rizal
continued his studies for a doctorate in medicine.
• He finished the coursework but failed to obtain the
Doctor's diploma due to a lack of thesis submission
and unpaid fees.
• However, during Rizal's time, a licentiate was
enough to practice medicine. At the age of 24, José
also finished his licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
in 1885.
 Rizal in Paris (1883)
On July 17, 1883
• Rizal travelled to Paris and visited the different tourist
spot in the City .
• The museum
• the Opera house
• Cathedral of Notre Dame
• Boise de Boulogne
• Madelaine Church
• the Column of Verdome
• the Invales and the libraries.
• He had also the opportunities to visit some restaurants
in Paris.
• Rizal was mistaken by the Parisians as Japanese,
that's why the prices of his food, lodging, and
entrance fees were higher than those of other
nationalities.

• In a letter to his family, he stated that "Paris is

Europe's most expensive capital.”

• He could not afford the high cost of living in Paris

so he decided to go back to Madrid.
Rizal as a Mason
Rizal was impressed by how openly and freely the Spanish Masons
criticized government policies and lambasted the friars, something
that could not be done in the Philippines.

March 1883
He became a member of the Masonic lodge known as "ACACIA." His
motivation for becoming a mason is to enlist the aid of
Freemasonry in his fight against the friars in the Philippines.

November 15, 1890

Rizal became a Mason leader after he transferred to Lodge
Solidaridad.

February 15, 1892

Le Grand Orient de France in Paris conferred the Master Mason
diploma on Rizal..
 In November 1885, Rizal moved to Paris to
specialize in ophthalmology and worked as an
assistant under Dr. Louis de Wecker, a
renowned French ophthalmologist.
As a result, Rizal significantly improved
his skills in conducting eye operations,
diagnosing ailments, and employing
various eye surgery techniques.
Rizal also met up with his friends, including painter
Juan Luna and writer/medical student Maximo Viola.
During his stay with Luna, Rizal became a model
and posed for two historical paintings.
Also at this time, Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere
was half-finished.
January 1, 1886
• He wrote a letter to his parents •
The letter revealed that Rizal was
rapidly improved his knowledge of
opthalmology.

February 1 ,1886
• After acquiring enough experienced
as an opthalmologist in Dr.
Weckert's Clinic , Rizal reluctantly
left Paris.
Due to the high cost of living in
Paris, Rizal left for Germany in
February 1886.
He arrived in Heidelberg, an old university town, and
worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Becker, a renowned
German ophthalmologist at the University Eye Hospital.
Rizal mastered the techniques of diagnosing eye ailments under
Dr. Becker, which he had first learned from Dr. Wecker.
The program emphasized operations less, but Rizal's hands-on
experience in Paris made him one of Dr. Becker's top students.
While studying in Germany, Rizal heard of an
Austrian scholar intrigued by the Philippines. Though
unfamiliar, the scholar was eager to learn more.
Eager to share his knowledge, Rizal wrote a letter
to the curious Austrian scholar Blumentritt, who
was studying the Tagalog language.
• Blumentritt was delighted to receive Rizal's letter and gift,
and he reciprocated by sending Rizal two books.
• Rizal and Blumentritt became close friends, and they
corresponded regularly for many years.
In November 1886, Jose Rizal
moved to Berlin, Germany, aiming
to explore ophthalmology, German
culture, government, and meet
scientists.
• Rizal intended to publish his novel, Noli
Me Tangere, but he was sick, sad, and
penniless. His brother Paciano was unable
to send him his monthly allowance due
to crop failures in Calamba.
• Learning of Rizal's troubles, Maximo Viola lent him money
for both his allowance and the printing cost of "Noli Me
Tangere."
• In 1887, 2,000 copies of Noli Me Tangere were distributed to
Filipinos in Europe.
• Bound copies were shipped to friends in Spain who
smuggled them into the Philippines disguised as
merchandise.
 With Viola, Rizal visited
different countries and his
spirit began to soar again.
 Rizal's Grand Tour of Europe with Dr. Viola
(1887)
On May 11, 1887- Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train.
Their next destination was DRESDEN, "one of the
best cities in Germany".

Dresten
• They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer. Rizal was deeply impressed by a
painting of "Prometheus Bound".
• They met Dr. Feodor Jagor, they plan to visit Leitmeritz to see
Blumentritt.
• Teschen (Now Decin, Czechoslovakia) was their stop- over after
leaving Dresden.
• Rizal and Viola sent a wire to Blumentritt, suggested by Dr.
Jagor.
 First Meeting with Blumentritt
At this train station, Rizal arrived from Germany.
• On May 13, 1887, at 1:30 p.m. Rizal and Viola on
board, arrived at the railroad station of Lietmeritz
(Litomerice), Bohemia.

• Professor Blumentritt carried a sketch of Rizal to

identify his Filipino friends. He warmly received Rizal
and Viola.

• Rizal and Blumentritt met in person and greeted

each other in fluent German

• Blumentritt loved Rizal as his son because of his

talents

• Blumentritt, helped two tourists get a room at Hotel

Krebs. They stayed in Leitmeritz from May 17, 1887
Prague
• They met Dr. Wellkomm a Professor of University of Prague.

• Rizal and Viola visited the Tomb of Copernicus, the famous

astronomer, the museum of natural history, bacteriological
laboratories, famous cave where San Juan Nepomuceno, the
Catholic Saint was imprisoned and many more.

Vienna
• May 20, they went to Vienna "the Queen of Danube".

• They met Norfenfals, one of the greatest novelist in

Europe.

• Rizal and Viola stayed in Hotel Metropole.

 Danubian Voyage to Lintz
• May 25, Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river b oat to see the
beautiful sights of Danube River.
• Next, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall. They saw
the waterfall "the most beautiful waterfall in Europe.

Geneva
• Rizal and Viola left on a little boat, went to
Foggy Leman Lake to Geneva.
• June 19, 1887 Rizal treated Viola in his 26th
Birthday.
Rizal took a ship from Marseilles and started home on
July 5, 1887. He was finally ready to operate on his
mother's cataracts.
• Jose Rizal returned to the Philippines in
August 1887 after five years of living abroad.

• He was greeted by controversy. The Jesuits at

the Ateneo attempted to get him to return to
his old faith.

• Nevertheless, Rizal stayed busy in Calamba by

establishing a medical clinic, with his mother
as his first patient.
There are friars who were resolute in silencing
Rizal, preaching against him in church and
publishing denouncing pamphlets.
 On August 30, 1887, Rizal left Calamba for
Manila to meet with Governor-General Emilio
Terrero, a liberal-minded Spanish official.
 After reading the novel, Terrero saw no
issue with it. Concerned for Rizal's safety,
he assigned Lieutenant Jose Taviel de
Andrade for protection.
 At about the same time, Terrero ordered an
investigation into the Calamba agrarian problems.
Rizal led the Calamba tenants' investigation,
presenting findings to Terrero that revealed
the friars' exploitation.
Furious with Rizal's findings, the
friars demanded Terrero to order
Rizal to leave the country.
Terrero refused, but he did advise
Rizal to leave for his own safety.
Rizal's family and relatives
also advised him to leave.
After six months in the Philippines,
Rizal left for Hong Kong.
 Trip to Hong Kong
February 03,1888
• After six months on the Zafiro board, Rizal left
Calamba.
February 07,1888
• Rizal did not leave his ship during a brief stopover in
Amoy for three reasons. He was not feeling well. It
was raining hard. He heard that the City is dirty.

February 08,1888
• Rizal arrived in Hong Kong, which was then a
British colony.
 In HONG KONG
• Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel.
• Some of the Filipino residents welcomed Rizal, including Jose Maria
Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (the son of Francisco
Yriarte, Alcalde Mayor of Laguna).
• Jose Varanda was following Rizal's movements in Hong Kong at the
time. He is thought to have been ordered to spy on Rizal.

According to Rizal:
• Hongkong was small but clean . So
many Portuguese, Hindus, English,
Jews and Chinese .
February 16 , 1888
• Rizal expressed his bitterness in a letter written in Blumentritt.
They forced Rizal to leave the country while he was still sick.
Lieutenant Taviel de Andrade help him , as well as Governor-
General Terrero.
• Dominicans witnessed Rizal holding secret meetings with men and
women on top of a hill. Rizal was given money by countrymen in
order for him to leave.

Feb 19, 1888

• Rizal witnessed a Catholic procession in which devotees were
dressed in blue and purple dresses and carried unlighted
candles.
DURING A 2-WEEK STAY IN HONG KONG
• Rizal studied Chinese life , language, drama and customs.

RIZAL EXPERIENCES
• Noisy Celebration of Chinese New Year(February 11-13)
• Rizal fired many firecrackers on the window of his hotel.
• Boisterous Chinese Theatre with noisy audience and noisier music
• Rizal Experienced the Marathon Lauriat Party where guests were
served numerous dishes such as dried fruits, geese, shrimps ,
century eggs , etc. It was also called the longest meal in the World.
Rizal was well aware that the DOMINICAN ORDER was the
wealthiest religion in Hong Kong. It had millions of dollars
deposited in banks, which earned a fantastic interest rate
on the Hongkong Cemeteries belonging to Protestants,
Catholics, and Muslims.

(Departure from Hongkong) February 22, 1888

Rizal boarded the Oceanic, an American steamer, and left
Hongkong.
 Trip to Japan and Short Romance with
O-Sei-San
• One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal
was his sojourn in the Land of the Cherry Blossoms
for one month and a half (February 28 – April 13,
1888).

• He was enchanted by the natural beauty of Japan,

the charming manners of the Japanese people, and
the picturesque shrines.

Rizal Arrives in Yokohama

• February 28, 1888 (Tuesday morning)-
Rizal arrived in Yokohama.
• He registered at the Grand Hotel.
• March 2-7- Rizal proceeded to Tokyo and
took a room at Tokyo Hotel.
 Rizal in Tokyo
• During his first day in Tokyo, Rizal was embarrassed because he did not
know the Japanese language.
• He looked like Japanese but he could not talk Japanese.
• Rizal studied Japanese language and he was able to speak it within a few
days.

• Rizal was visited at his hotel by Juan

Perez Caballero, secretary of the
He accepted the invitation for two
Spanish Legation.
reasons:
• The latter invited him to live at the
(1) he could economize his living
Spanish legation. Macao is a Portuguese
expenses by staying at the legation and
colony near Hong Kong.
(2) he had nothing to hide from the
• Spanish diplomatic authorities were
prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.
instructed from Manila to monitor his
movements in Japan.
 Rizal’s Impression of Japan
• Rizal was favorably impressed by Japan. He was a keen
observer, taking copious notes on the life, customs, and
culture of the people. He was no silly, lightheaded tourist who
merely enjoys attractive sights that appealed only to the
senses.

Things which favorably impressed Rizal in Japan were:

1. The beauty of the country-its flowers, mountains, streams, and scenic
panoramas.
2. The cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people.
3. The picturesque dress and simple charm of the Japanese women.
4. There were very few thieves in Japan so the houses remained open day
and night, and in the hotel room, one could safely leave money on the
table.
5. Beggars were rarely seen in the city streets, unlike in Manila and other
cities.
 Romance with O-Sei-San
• O-Sei-San (Seiko Usui) – A samurai’s daughter, 23 years old, and
a pretty Japanese girl whom Rizal was attracted by her regal
loveliness and charm.

• Rizal and O-Sei-San, as Rizal called her, met almost daily.

Together, they visited the interesting spots of the city – the
Imperial Art Gallery, The Imperial Library, the universities, the
Shokubutsu-en (Botanical Garden), the city parks (particularly
Hibiya Park), and the picturesque shrines.

• Rizal saw in lovely O-Sei-San the qualities of his ideal

womanhood – beauty, charm, modesty, and intelligence. No
wonder he fell deeply in love with her.
 Romance with O-Sei-San

• O-Sei-San helped Rizal in many ways. More than a

sweetheart, she was his guide, interpreter, and tutor. She
guided him in observing the shrines and villages around Tokyo.

• She improved his knowledge of Nippongo (Japanese language)

and Japanese history.

• Rizal’s great love for O-Sei-San is attested by the hero’s diary.

• With this tenderly tragic entry in his own diary, Rizal bade
farewell to lovely OSei-San.
Trip to United States of America (1888)
• His arrival in the country was ruined by
racial prejudice.

• He documented what he observed during

his trip from Francisco to New York.

• Saturday morning, April 28, 1888, Rizal

docked in San Francisco. Authorities did
not let the passengers land for one week
because of a rumored cholera outbreak.
• May 4, 1888 when Rizal registered at
the first class hotel in the city called
Palace hotel, he stayed there for
three days.

• On May 7 to May 13, 1888, Rizal

stayed at Nevada, Chicago.

• On May 13 to May 16, 1888, Rizal

went to New York and stayed to
“The big town”
Rizal in London (1888-1889)

Rizal's Reason for Staying:

• To improve his knowledge on the English language

• To study and annotate Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas
• London was a safe place to for him to carry on his fight
against Spanish tyranny
• While in London, he wrote articles for La Solidaridad, To the
Young women of Malolos and completed annotating Morga’s
Book.
 News from Home, Good and Bad
The bad news were injustices commits by Spanish authorities on the Filipino
people and the Rizal family. Among which were as follows:

1. Persecution of Filipino patriots who signed the "Anti-Friar Petition of 1888"

2. Persecution of Calamba tenants, including Rizal's family and relatives
3. Furious attack on Rizal by Senators Salamanca and Vida
4. Rizal's brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, was exiled to Bohol without due
process of Law
5. A friend of Rizal, Laureno Viado, was jailed in Bilibid prison, because copies
of "Noli Me Tangere" were found in his house

One good news cheered Rizal

• Rev. Vicente Garcia's defense of the Noli against the attack of the
friars
 ANNOTATING MORGA'S BOOK

• The greatest achievement of Rizal was

annotating of Morga's Book, Sucesos De Los
Islas Filipinas which was publish in Mexico, 1609

• Rizal laboriously read the old histories of the

Philippines written by Fr. Chirino, Fr. Colin, Fr.
Argensola, Fr. Plasencia etc.
 Short Visit to Paris and Spain
• Early September 1888, he visited Paris for a week He was
entertained in this gay French metropolis by Juan Luna and his
wife, Paz Prado de Tavera On December 11, 1888, he went to
Spain, visiting Madrid and Barcelona: He met Marcelo H. Del Pilar
and Mariano Ponce

• Rizal returned to London on December 24 and spent Christmas

and New Year with the Beckett Family

He sent Christmas gifts to his friends:

• To Blumentritt: bust of Emperor of Augustus
• To Dr. Carlos Czepelak, a bust of Julius Caesar
• To Rizal's landly, Mrs. Beckett a book entitled "The Life and
the Adventures of Valentine Vox, The Ventriliquist"
Romance with Gertrude Beckett
• Rizal had a romantic interlude with the oldest of the four Beckett
sisters, Gertrude, Gettie as she was affectionally called was a
Buxom English girl with brown hair, blue eyes and rosy cheeks
Rizal eventually called the finish 4 sculptural work:
• Prometheus Bound
• The Triumph of Death over life
• Triumph of science over death
• A composite carving of the Beckett sisters (The last name
carving was a farewell gift to the Beckett sisters)

Adios to London
• Suddenly on March 19,1889, Rizal bade goodbye to the kink
Beckett Family (particularly to Gertrude) and he left in London
for Paris He was sad as he crossed the English channel for he
cherished so many beautiful memories of London
In January 1890, Jose Rizal relocated to Brussels, Belgium,
seeking a more affordable and focused lifestyle away from
the high expenses and social distractions of Paris.
In Belgian Brussels (1890)
• When Rizal moved to Brussel, he lived in a modest
boarding house on 38 Rue Philippine Champagne
accompanied by Jose Albert, who later on left the city and
was replaced by Jose Alejandro.

• During his stay in the city, Rizal was busy writing his
second novel which was the continuation of Noli. Aside
from this, he also writes articles for La Solidaridad and
letters to his family and friends.

• As a physician, Rizal spent part of his time in a medical

clinic.

• For recreation, Rizal had gymnastics at the gymnasium

and target practice and fencing at the armory.
 Rizal was troubled by reports that some Filipinos in
Spain were gambling too much, and he feared that this
was giving the friars ammunition to discredit the
Propaganda Movement.
He urged Marcelo H. del Pilar to remind Filipinos
in Madrid that their purpose was not to gamble
but to strive for Philippine freedom.
• As early as in September, 1886, when he was in Leipzig, Rizal
adopted the Filipinized Tagalog orthography in his Tagalog
translations of Schiller’s Wilhelm Tell and Andersen’s Fairy Tales
and again used it in his first novel Noli Me Tangere (Berlin,
1887).

• While Rizal was in Brussels, his article entitled “Sobre la

Nueva Ortografía de la Lengua Tagala” (The new
Orthography of the Tagalog Language) was published in La
Solidaridad on April 15, 1890.

• Rizal received bad news from home, the letter said that
Calamba Agrarian reform was getting worse. The sad news
from home depressed Rizal. His heart bled to know the sorrow
of his parents, brothers and brother-in-laws.

• In the face of suffering which afflicted his family, Rizal

planned to go home. He could not stay in Brussels writing a
book, while his family in the Philippine were persecuted
Rizal also learned that his family and relatives were evicted
from their Calamba land due to increased rents imposed by
the Dominican friars, making them refuse to pay.
He wrote a poem entitled "A Mi Musa" (To My Muse)
that was published on La Solidaridad to express his
disappointment and to call for justice.
Defending his family in court, Rizal tasted defeat.
The injustice fueled his fight for Filipino rights.
• All his friends including Blumentritt, Jose Ma. Basa
and Ponce were horrified by Rizal’s decision. They
warned him of the danger that awaited him from
home but he ignored it.

• A letter from Paciano changed his mind, it tells that

they lost the case against the Dominicians in Manila,
but they appealed it to the Supreme Court in Spain
but a lawyer is needed to handle it in Madrid.

• Rizal announced that he was leaving Brussels at the

beginning of the following month and would arrive in
Madrid about the 3rd or 4th.
MISFORTUNE IN MADRID(1890-1891)
• Early in August, 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid. He tried all legal means to
seek justice for his family and Calamba tenants, but to no avail.

• On top of his misfortunes, his fiance for eleven years, Leonor Rivera married a
British engineer . That unfortunate event broke his heart.

Upon arrival in Madrid, Rizal immediately

sought the help of
• Filipino colony
• the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
• Liberal Spanish newspaper (La Justicia,
El Globo, La Republica, El Resumen,
etc.)

In securing justice for the oppressed

Calamba tenants, including his family.
Failure to Get Justice for Family
• Together with M. H. Del Pilar ( who acted as his lawyer) and Dr.
Dominador Gomez (Secretary of the Asociacion Hispano-
Filipina) he called on the Minister of Colonies (Senior Fabie) in
order to protest in the injustices committed by Governor
General Valeriano Weyler and the Dominicans against the
Calamba folks.

• Nothing came out with Rizal's interview with Minister Fabie. As

El Resumen, a Madrid newspaper which sympathized with the
Filipino caused said: "To cover the ears, open the and fold the arms
– this is the Spanish colonial policy".

• More terrible news reached Rizal in Madrid as he was waging a

futile fight for justice. From his brother-in-law, Silvestre Ubaldo,
he received a copy of the ejectment order of the Dominicans
against Francisco Rizal and other Calamba tenants.
 • From his sister, Saturnina, he learned about the deportation of Paciano
(Rizal), Antonio (Lopez), Silvestre (Ubaldo), Teong (Mateo Elejorde), and
Dandoy (Dr. Rizal's relative) to Mindoro; these unfortunate deportees
were arrested in Calamba and were shipped out of Manila on September
6, 1890.

He further learned from Saturnina's letter that

• their parents had been forcibly ejected from their home and
were then living in the house of Narcisa ( Antonino’s wife).

Rizal’s Sorrow

• Rizal experienced another disappointment when his friend

and co-worker in the Propaganda movement, Jose Ma.
Panganiban died in Barcelona on August 19, 1890.
Rizal vs del Pilar
 Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna
• At the end of August, Rizal attended a social reunions of
Filipinos in Madrid wherein Antonio Luna is also there.

• That time, Luna is bitter because of his frustrated romance

with Nellie Boustead.

• He blames Rizal for what happened. In a fit of jealousy, and

also the effect of alcohol, Luna uttered unsavor remarks to
Nellie.

• Rizal heard him and because of his anger he challenged Luna

into a duel.
 Rizal Challenges Retana to Duel
• Wenceslao E. Retana, his bitter enemy of the pen, a talented
Spanish scholar, was then a press agent of the friars in Spain.

• He used to attack the Filipinos in various newspapers in

Madrid and other cities in Spain.

• Retana wrote an article in La Epoca, asserting that the

family and friends of Rizal had not paid their rents so they
were ejected from their lands in Calamba by the Dominicans.

• Such as insult stirred Rizal to action, immediately he sent his

seconds to Retana with his challenge to a duel
Rizal's discontent in Madrid stemmed
from political issues, particularly
disagreements with del Pilar and
fellow Filipino expatriates.
The two men had different political visions,
and del Pilar's editorial policies alienated
Rizal.
 In an attempt to resolve their differences, about 90
Filipinos met to elect a leader, called the Responsable.
The Responsable would be responsible for unifying the
group and ensuring that their work was coordinated.
• Unfortunately, the election produced a
division among the group: the Rizalistas
and the Pilaristas.

• The election was held two times, and each

time Rizal won most votes.

• However, Rizal did not receive the required

two-thirds majority, so he was not
declared the Responsable.
On the third day, Mariano Ponce urged some Pilaristas
to support Rizal, and the election resulted in Rizal's
becoming the legal Responsable.
However, Rizal declined the position because
he knew that there were people who did not
like either his views or personality.
Rizal then left Madrid and no longer
contributed to La Solidaridad. He arrived
in Hong Kong on November 20, 1891.
 ADIOS, MADRID
• Rizal wrote a brief note thanking his patriots
for electing him as Responsable.

• He packed up his bags, paid his bills and

boarded a train leaving for Biarritz.

• It was the last time he saw Madrid.

• His agonizing heart bade goodbye to the

metropolis, of which he had written years ago.
BIARRITZ VACATION AND ROMANCE
WITH NELLY BOUSTEAD (1891)

To seek solace for his

disappointments in Madrid,
Rizal took a vacation in the
resort city of Biarritz on the
fabulous French Riviera. He was
a guest of the rich Boustead
family at its winter residence –
Villa Eliada.
• On March 29, 1891 , the eve of his departure from
Biarritz, he finished the manuscript of his first
novel, El Filibusterismo and He wrote a letter to
Blumentrit.

• Rizal arrived in Biarritz on February 1891 Stayed in

the residence of the Boustead In February 11, 1891
he wrote a letter to Mariano Ponce.
 Romance with Nellie Boustead
• Rizal described Nellie as a real Filipina, highly intelligent, vivacious
in temperament, and morally upright.

• His friend like M.H. del Pilar teased him. A letter from his friends
came to answer his letters about there opinion to Rizal's letter.

• They didn't get married because of two thing:

• 1). Rizal doesn't want to be converted to a protestant.
• 2). Nellie's mother was against the wedding.
 To Paris Back to Brussles Retirement of
Propaganda Movements

• He departed from Biarritz on March 30, 1891 by train he

stayed with his friend Valentin Ventura.
• By the middle of April 1891 he was back to Brussels. He was
happily greeted by his landladies.
• Since January,1891 he abdicated his leadership in Madrid.
• Rizal wanted to expand his knowledge about being an
ophthalmologist.
• May 1, 1891 he notified the Propaganda authorities in
Manila to cancel his allowance.
 El Filibusterismo PUBLISHED IN GHENT (1891)

OCTOBER 1887
While practicing medicine in Calamba, Rizal
began writing the manuscript for El
Filibusterismo.

JULY 05, 1891

Rizal left Brussels for Ghent, a famous university
in Belgium.

His reasons for moving to Ghent:

1. The cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels.
2. To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite Suzanne.
In GHENT
Rizal live in a cheap boarding house and
met two compatriots:

• Jose Alejandro from Pampanga

• Edilberto Evangelista from Manila

DURING THE PRINTING OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO

F. Meyer-Van Loo Press (No. 66 Viaanderen Street)
A printing shop that offered Rizal the lowest price for the publication of his
novel and was willing to print it in installments. Rizal pawned his jewels in
order to pay the down payment and the early partial payment.
AUGUST 6 ,1891
The printing of his book had to be suspended because Rizal could no
longer give the necessary funds to the printer.
Valentin Ventura
(The savior of the Fili)

• When Ventura learned of Rizal’s predicament

and immediately sent him the necessary funds.
• With his financial aid , the printing of El Fili was
resumed.

September 18, 1891

• El Filibusterismo came off the press. Rizal immediately sent
on this date two printed copies to Hong Kong, one for Basa
and other for Sixto Lopez.
• Rizal gratefully donated the original manuscript and an
autographed printed copy to Valentin Ventura.
NEWSPAPER WHICH GIVES TRIBUTE TO EL FILI ARE:
La Publicidad
A Barcelona newspaper, where in it published a tribute eulogizing
the novel’s original style which “is comparable only to the sublime
Alexander Dumas” and may well be offered as“a model and a
precious jewel in the now decadent literature of Spain”.

El Nuevo Regimen
A liberal Madrid newspaper that serialized the novel in its issues of
October, 1891.

September 22, 1891

Rizal wrote to Blumentritt that he planned to write the third Novel.
Gom-Bur-Za
• Rizal dedicated the new book to the three priests, Gomez, Burgos
and Zamora, who were executed because of their supposed
participation in the first revolutionary campaign of modern
Philippine nationalism, the mutiny of Cavite.

Synopsis of El Filibusterismo
• El Filibusterismo is a sequel to the Noli. It has little humor, less idealism
and less romance than the Noli Me Tangere. It is more revolutionary,
more tragic than the first novel. Rizal had an inspiration to write his
own novel with the same topic to expose Spanish colonial abuse in
print.
 • The theme and plot of El Filibusterismo was changed to convey the message
that the present system of government in the Philippines through corrupt
officials, dominated by the friars can lead to the downfall of Spain.

The original manuscript of El Filibusterismo

- in Rizal's own handwriting is now preserved in the Filipiniana Division of the
Bureau of Public Libraries, Manila. • Had been acquired from Ventura for
10,000. • It consists of 279 pages of long sheets of paper.

Two features in the manuscript do not appear in the printed book, namely:
•FOREWORD (and)
• WARNING
October 18, 1891
Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong Kong.
Rizal decided to practice medicine in Hong Kong,
and he was granted a license to practice.
His family also went to Hong Kong, and
they spent their Christmas together.
In a letter to his friend Ferdinand
Blumentritt in Vienna, he expressed
his emotions:
Even in a peaceful life abroad, Rizal couldn't
shake thoughts of the struggles faced by
tenant farmers in Calamba.
During his journey to Hongkong from
Marseilles, Rizal met William Pryer, who
managed the British North Borneo Company.
This company had a lease to oversee North Borneo.
When Rizal heard about Pryer's plans for the British
colony, he suggested creating a Filipino colony in
North Borneo for the evicted Calamba tenants.
Pryer embraced Rizal's proposal. Together, they met the
governor of North Borneo to discuss leasing 5,000
acres, with an option to buy more for 950 years.
 But there was a problem – the Calamba tenants
couldn't leave the Philippines without permission from
the Spanish Governor-General, Eulogio Despujol.
To address this, Rizal wrote to Despujol asking for permission
to change their nationality, sell their property in the
Philippines, and let those facing trouble leave the country.
Despujol got incensed and thought Rizal might
use the Filipino colony in North Borneo to start
a revolution against Spain.
Instead of replying directly, Despujol asked the
Spanish Consul in Hongkong to invite Rizal
back to Manila to discuss the matter.
Rizal's family and friends advised him to decline
Despujol's invitation, considering it a trap.
However, Rizal was resolute in his determination to
improve the lives of the evicted Calamba tenants.
Rizal shall set foot once again upon the cherished land of
the Philippines, where destiny beckons him to weave his
final chapter, immersing himself in its embrace until
the final whispers of mortality claim him.
OPHTHALMIC
➤ Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from
SURGEON IN November 1891 to June 1892.

HONG KONG ➤ His reasons for leaving Europe were:

(1891-1892) - life was unbearable in Europe because of his political

differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in
Spain.

- to be near his idolized Philippines and family

FAREWELL TO EUROPE
Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong, where he lived from
November, 1891 to June, 1892. His reasons for
leaving Europe were :
life was unbearable in Europe because of his
political differences with M.H. del Pilar and other
Filipinos in Spain to be near his idolized Philippines
and family
· October 3, 1891 -two weeks after the publication of Fili,
Rizal left Ghent for Paris, where he stayed a few days to say
goodbye to the Lunas, the Pardo de Taveras, the Venturas
and other friends; Rizal proceeded by train to Marsilles

October 18, 1891 -Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne

bound for Hong Kong
 Father Fuchs- a Tyrolese, Rizal enjoyed playing
chess. Rizal describe him to Blumentritt as “He is
a fine fellow, A Father Damaso without pride and
malice”

November 20, 1891-Rizal arrived in Hong Kong

Rizal established his residence at No. 5 D’ Aguilar

Street No. 2 Rednaxola Terrace, where he also
opened his medical clinic.
December 1, 1891- Rizal wrote his parents
asking their permission to return home.

On the same date, his brother-in-law,

Manuel T. Hidalgo, sent him a letter relating
the sad news of the “deportation of
twenty-five persons Calamba, Lucia,
from
including father, Neneng, Sisa,
Paciano and the rest of us.”
 The Christmas of 1891 in Hong Kong was one of the happiest Yuletide
celebrations in Rizal’s life: For he had a happy family reunion January 31, 1892-
Rizal wrote to Blumentritt, recounting pleasant life in Hong Kong To earn a
living for himself and for his family, Rizal practiced medicine Dr. Lorenzo P.
Marques- a Portuguese physician, who became Rizal’s friend and admirer, who
helped him to build up a wide clientele. In recognition of Rizal’s skill as an
ophthalmic surgeon, he turned over to him many of his eye cases Rizal
successfully operated on his mother’s left eye so that she was able to read and
write again.
 LAST TRIP ABROAD (1896)

- While Rizal was patiently waiting on the cruiser Castilla for the next
steamer to take him to Spain, portentous events occurred, presaging
the downfall of Spanish power in Asia.

August 19, 1896 - The Katipunan plot to overthrow Spanish rule by

means of revolution was discovered by Fray Mariano Gil Augustinian
cura of Tondo.
 August 30, 1896 Rizal in Singapore
(September 7)
Departure of Rizal for Spain. The
day when the state of war was The Isla de Panay arrived at
proclaimed in the eight provinces, Singapore .
Rizal received from Governor
General Blanco two letters of the Don Pedro/ Don Manuel Camus
introduction for : devised Rizal to stay and take
advantage of the protection of
1. The Minister of War 2. The the British Law
Minister of Colonies with a covering
letter which absolved him from all Rizal had given his word of
blame for raging revolution honor to Governor General
Blanco.
 VICTIM OF SPANISH DUPLICITY

By refusing to break his word of honor in Singapore, Rizal sealed his own
doom.

For without his knowledge, Governor Blanco was secretly conspiring with
the Ministers of War and the Colonies (ultramar) for his destruction

Great hero and genius that he was, Rizal proved to be as gullible as Sultan
Zaide another victim of Spanish intrigue
 RIZAL ARRESTED BEFORE REACHING BARCELONA September 8,
1:00 p.m.

• The Isla de Panay, with Rizal onboard, left Singapore, unaware of

the Spanish duplicity particularly of Governor General Blanco's
infernal deceit. September 25 • He saw the steamer Isla de Luzon,
leaving the Suez Canal crammed with Spanish troops. • He realized
that he was fooled by the Spanish officials. That made him to write a
letter to his best friend. • He was officially notified by Captain
Alemany that he should stay in his cabin until further orders from
Manila.
ARRIVAL IN BARCELONA AS A PRISONER
September 30 (6:25 p.m.)

• The steamer anchored at Malta. Rizal confined to his cabin and was not able to
visit the famous island-fortress of the Christian crusaders. October 3, at 10 o'clock
in the morning • The Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona, with Rizal a prisoner on
board. The trip from Manila to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 days.

His jailor was no longer the ship captain but the Military Commander of
Barcelona, who happened to be General Eulogio Despujol The same one
who ordered his banishment to Dapitan in July, 1892.
• He was taken out of prison by the guards and brought to the headquarters of
General Despujol. • The ship left Barcelona, with Rizal on board S.S. Colon arrive at
FORT SANTIAGO RIZAL'S CELL