3.
Sentence transformation
STRUCTURE 1
Sentence in situation PRESENT WISH PAST (subjunctive)
PAST PAST PERFECT
FUTURE WOULD + bare V
1.1. I speak terrible English.
(wish) ______________________________________________________________
1.2. They didn’t offer me the job.
(wish) ______________________________________________________________
1.3. I regret not going to the airport to say goodbye to him.
(wish) _______________________________________________________________
1.4. It’s unfortunate you didn’t manage to give her my message.
(wish) ________________________________________________________________
1.5. Maria says she’d like to have been put in a higher class.
(wishes) _______________________________________________________________
1.6. It will be nice to be able to understand the language when I go to France next week.
(wish) _________________________________________________________________
1.7. Ms. Anna does not like living in such a small house, she’s pondering finding another bigger
one now.
(wishes) _______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURE 2
Simple Past with OFTEN, ALWAYS USED TO + V
2.1. I often went to work by bus during July. Now I own a motorbike.
(used to) _____________________________________________________________
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2.2. On every Friday, there was a uniform day at VUS, but there were staff wearing unsuitable
clothes so that their manager decided to get rid of it.
(There) __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.3. We often accessed the Intranet rather easily by simply typing our staff ID numbers but now
it only requires fingerprints so it becomes harder.
(used to) __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.4. Vinamilk dairy company always provided free cartons of milk for toddlers at local hospitals.
(used to) ________________________________________________________________
2.5. Security guards at central banks always checked the CCTV system every 3 hours.
(used to) ________________________________________________________________
2.6. Every manager needed to hand in their staff behaviors reports regularly.
(used to) _________________________________________________________________
2.7. She used to have the translator help her in negotiating, but now she can go on her own.
(The translator used to) ____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2.8. They used to use Internet-based exams to test employees’ language ability.
(have) ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
BE/GET + ACCUSTOMED TO +
V-ing/N/NP BE/GET + USED TO + V-ing/N/NP
BE FAMILIAR WITH +
2.9. Johnny moved to the South because he cannot be accustomed to the freezing weather in
the North.
(get used to) _______________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________
2.10. The head quarter now is full of journalists and we haven’t been familiar with meeting
many of them before.
(used to) __________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
2.11. Tony gets used to working overtime during the new project preparation.
(familiar) __________________________________________________________________
2.12. People are not used to queuing up in public places.
(accustomed to) _____________________________________________________________
2.13. If you practice speaking with foreigners every day, you will have gotten accustomed to
communicating well with them.
(will have been used to) ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.14. Japanese employees now get used to the gardening because there is an upward growth of
vegetables planting on office building rooftops.
(familiar) __________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2.15. Kelly hasn’t gotten accustomed to figures because she moved to this department 2
months ago.
(familiar with) ______________________________________________________________
2.16. Our manager enjoys talking to staff who are used to showing their facial expressions.
(accustomed to) ____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
STRUCTURE 3
Direct speech Indirect speech
3A. STATEMENTS
say/said (that)
3
Statement S + S+V
tell/told + OBJ (that)
V changes in tenses.
Direct speech Indirect speech
Simple present Simple past
Present continuous Past continuous
Simple past Past perfect
Present perfect Past perfect
Past continuous Past perfect continuous
Simple future (will + Vo) Present conditional (would + Vo)
Future perfect (will have + Vo) Perfect conditional (would have + Vo)
Present conditional (would + Vo) Perfect conditional (would have + Vo)
Changes in time & place
Direct speech Indirect speech
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before / the day earlier
the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day / the following day
the day after tomorrow in two days’ time
last week / last year the previous week / the previous year
next week / next year the following week / the following year
a year ago the previous year / a year before
these those
come here go there
3.1. Robert: “My teacher flew to Chicago last year.”
(told) ______________________________________________________________
3.2. Mary and John said: “We have just arrived.”
(informed) __________________________________________________________
3.3. Jason: “I will do my best in the exams tomorrow.”
(told) ______________________________________________________________
3.4. She said: “I went to the cinema yesterday.”
(said) _______________________________________________________________
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3B. QUESTIONS
Yes/ No question S + asked + OBJ + IF/ WHETHER + S + V
V changes in tenses.
Changes in time & place
3.5. Tom said: “Will they accept our offer, Mary?”
(Tom asked Mary) ____________________________________________________________
3.6. The Managing Director said to me: “Do you know everyone in Marketing department?”
(The MD asked) ______________________________________________________________
3.7. Johnny said to his P.A: “Is Peter coming to the meeting?”
(Johnny asked) ______________________________________________________________
WH – question S + asked + OBJ + WH-question word + S + V
V changes in tenses.
Changes in time & place
3.8. “When will the shipment arrive?”, they asked me.
(was asked) ________________________________________________________________
3.9. “Where is their head office, Sally?”, asked Ann.
(Ann asked) _________________________________________________________________
3.10. The director wondered, “How are the negotiations going?”
(The director wondered) _______________________________________________________
3C. COMMANDS
asked
Direct command S + told + OBJ + (NOT) + to V
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ordered
3.11. She said to me: “Please return the form as soon as possible.”
(asked)_____________________________________________________________________
3.12. He told me: “Don’t put any calls through to my office.”
(ordered) ___________________________________________________________________
3.13. John said to me: “Don’t answer the phone.”
(requested) _________________________________________________________________
3.14. The Chairman said to his Team leader: “Send the letter immediately.”
(ordered) __________________________________________________________________
STRUCTURE 4
Although Despite
Though + Clause (S + V) + N/NP/V-ing
Eventhough In spite of
Despite the fact that
+ Clause (S + V)
In spite of the fact that
4.1. Although there was a heavy rain yesterday, baby Jolie still slept well.
(in spite of) ______________________________________________________________
4.2. During the negotiation, Miller was angry though he tried to hide it.
(despite) ______________________________________________________________
4.3. The meeting started at 8 o’clock despite the fact that many people didn’t arrive on time.
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(despite) ______________________________________________________________
4.4. In spite of the low salary, she never quits her job.
(eventhough) __________________________________________________________
4.5. Their manager doesn’t want to enlarge the office eventhough it is really hot and stifling.
(in spite of) _____________________________________________________________
4.6. In June, Jo’s behavior towards his customers were aggressive though he received
favourable comments.
(the fact that) ____________________________________________________________
4.7. Despite the fact that this TVC impresses audience, it does not impress the investors.
(though) ______________________________________________________________
4.8. The portable radio had a short life cycle, but this product was unforgettable to many
elders.
(eventhough) _________________________________________________________
STRUCTURE 5
Why don’t you + Vo... S + SUGGESTED (THAT) + S + (should) + bare V...
5.1. “Why don’t you apply for the job, Anna?”, said Sue.
(suggested ) ___________________________________________________________
5.2. “Why don’t you put an advertisement in the local paper?”, they said to me.
(they suggested ) _______________________________________________________
5.3. “Why don’t you complain to the company, Peter?”, said William.
(William suggested) ______________________________________________________
5.4. “Bright children should take their exams early.”, reports suggested.
(is suggested) __________________________________________________________
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STRUCTURE 6
THERE + BE (is/are/was/were/has been/have been/had been/will be...) + N
6.1. I work in a factory which has more than a thousand employees.
(there) ________________________________________________________________
6.2. House prices have risen dramatically this year.
(there) ________________________________________________________________
6.3. “Will there be many people at the party?”, asked John.
(John asked) ___________________________________________________________
6.4. The light was on, so somebody must have been home.
(there) _________________________________________________________________
4. Controlled writing
Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce, from the the following suggested words and
phrases, sentences which together make a complete passage. Note carefully from the example what
kind of alterations needs to be made. Write each sentence in the space provided.
Example: my aunt / born / England / now/ she/ live / Perth / Australia /
Answer: My aunt was born in England, but now she lives in Perth, Australia.
TEST 1
Maria’s Beauty Boutiques
1. Maria Wilson/be/famous/Managing Director/ Beauty Boutique International plc.
_______________________________________________________________________
2. it/be/one of /leading beauty product chains
_______________________________________________________________________
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3. She/be/ daughter/Spanish immigrants
_______________________________________________________________________
4. She/born/and/educate/Britain
_______________________________________________________________________
5. She/open/ first Beauty Boutique/ 1976.
_______________________________________________________________________
6. It/be/popular /that /she/ open/ five more/shop/3 years
_______________________________________________________________________
7. since then/ business/develop/an amazing rate
_______________________________________________________________________
8. chain of Beauty Boutiques/now expand/all over the world
_______________________________________________________________________
*****
TEST 2
1. Sir Peter Parker/ be/ well known/ top manager
_______________________________________________________________________
2. he/ study/ history/ Oxford University/ 1947/1950
_______________________________________________________________________
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3. he/work/as/ manager/a number/ company/ during/ 1950s/1960s
_______________________________________________________________________
4. he / become/well known/public/ Chairman/ British Rail
_______________________________________________________________________
5. he/ join/ British Rail/ 1976/ leave/ 1983
_______________________________________________________________________
6. 1978/ he/ award/ knighthood/the Queen
_______________________________________________________________________
7. he/ appoint/ Chairman/ Mitsubishi Electric (UK)/ 1984
_______________________________________________________________________
8. he/ be/ first non-Japanese/ become/ Chairman/Japanese company
_______________________________________________________________________
9. 1991/ the Japanese Government/ award/ he/ the Order of the Sacred Treasure
_______________________________________________________________________
10. he/ write / autobiography/ For Starters / 1989
_______________________________________________________________________
*****
TEST 3
10
1. Unilever / British-Dutch company / head offices / Rotterdam and London
_______________________________________________________________________
2. It now / own / many well-known consumer brands, / include / Knorr, Lipton's tea, Omo, Dove
/ Lux
_______________________________________________________________________
3. Knorr / their biggest food brand / a strong presence / over 80 countries / a product range /
include / soups, sauces, bouillons, noodles / complete meals
_______________________________________________________________________
4. Today it / employ / 247,000 people / 57 countries / sell its products / 150 countries / 150 m
customers
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Its worldwide turnover / 2002 / 48,760 million euros
_______________________________________________________________________
6. It / spend / 2.3% / its turnover / Research and Development
_______________________________________________________________________
7. It / have / two global divisions, / call / Food and Home / Personal Care
_______________________________________________________________________
8. Over 50% / its sales / come / Food Division
_______________________________________________________________________
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9. It / have / 10 regional business groups / meet the needs / local markets
_______________________________________________________________________
10. This / make / it / international manufacturer / leading brands / foods, home care / personal
care
_______________________________________________________________________
*****
TEST 4
1. Marks & Spencer/ be/ most famous British shop/ the world
_______________________________________________________________________
2. at the moment/ there/ be/ 283 /M&S shop/ Britain/ other / country
_______________________________________________________________________
3. currently / they/ build/ large new store/ Paris
_______________________________________________________________________
4. there/ be/ about/ 50/ store/ Canada
_______________________________________________________________________
5. more and more/ people / Hong Kong/ Lisbon/ buy/ clothes/ food/ M&S
_______________________________________________________________________
6. company/ employ/ 50,000/ employee/ worldwide
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_______________________________________________________________________
7. sales/ increase / 80% /the last ten years
_______________________________________________________________________
8. many/shop / abroad/ be / franchise
_______________________________________________________________________
9. owners/ franchises/ buy/ all/stock/ M&S
_______________________________________________________________________
10. they/ pay / company/percentage/turnover
_______________________________________________________________________
*****
TEST 5
1. Ubix computers/ be / publicly traded corporation/ actively traded/ on the NASDAQ
_______________________________________________________________________
2. company/ launch/ 1999 / with an IPO/ raise $70 million
_______________________________________________________________________
3. shareholders/ own/ more than 80% / the company/ while upper level management /employee
stock options /own /remaining 20%
_______________________________________________________________________
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4. Ubix locate/ Denver, Colorado/ manufacturing plants/ Taiwan /Indonesia
_______________________________________________________________________
5. total cash flow/ during 2000 /be /$365 million
_______________________________________________________________________
6. while total operating expenses/ the past fiscal year/ total/ $180 million/ result in/ pre-tax
profit / $175 million.
_______________________________________________________________________
7. Ubix Computers market share/ the US domestic market/ grow/ 2% /5% /the past 18 months
_______________________________________________________________________
8. future plans/ include /development/a line /laptop computers /export/ the Chinese Market
_______________________________________________________________________
9. Ubix/ offer/ consumers computers/ make /meet/ their specific requirements/ while pricing
these computers /mass market prices
_______________________________________________________________________
10. This unique combination/ ensure/ Ubix /be /major market player /the near future
_______________________________________________________________________
*****
TEST 6
1. Globalcall Communications /be/ global corporation
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_______________________________________________________________________
2. it/ provide/ telecommunications solutions / individual clients/organisations
_______________________________________________________________________
3. company/ first / expand / most major American cities/ before/ become/ major multinational
player
_______________________________________________________________________
4. at/ present/ company /extend/operations /include/ voice over IP/ as well as/ high-speed cable
Internet access
_______________________________________________________________________
5. Globalcall Communications' team/ include/ more than 40,000 specialis /worldwide/ more than
20 countries/ three continents
_______________________________________________________________________
6. next year /see / deployment / third generation/ wireless communications network/ Asian
countries
_______________________________________________________________________
7. future/ look / bright / Globalcall Communications
_______________________________________________________________________
8. by 2005/ company/service / more than 15 million households/ businesses/ a global scale
_______________________________________________________________________
9. Globalcall Communications/ become/ household word
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_______________________________________________________________________
10. We/ look forward to/ serve clients / plan / do / everything / our power / make sure that
your communication future / be / unlimited / simple
_______________________________________________________________________
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