PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES
1. The figure below shows a homogenous half-space subjected two circular loads each 254mm
in diameter and spaced at 508mm on centers. The pressure on the circular area is 350kPa. The
half space has the elastic modulus of 70MPa and poisson ratio of 0.5. Determine the Vertical
Stress, Strain, and Deflection at Point A, which is located at 254mm below the center of one
circle.
Given
a 12.7cm
q 350 kpa
z 25.4cm
r z 25.4
The stresses at point A due to the left load with 0 and 2 from graph the
a a 12.7
reading for vertical stress is 0.28,and for tangential and radial stress is 0.016:
q Z 0.28 350 98kpa
q r qt 0.016 350 5.6kpa
Chapter Two: Examples on Stress in Pavements Page 1
PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES
r z
The stresses due to the right load with 4 and 2 from graph the reading for vertical
a a
stress is 0.0076, radial stress is 0.0026, and for tangential stress out of the graph which means
there is no tangential stress from right load at Point A.
q z 0.0076 350 2.66kpa
q r 0.0026 350 9.1kpa
qt 0
By superposition, the stresses will be:
q z 98kpa 2.66kpa 100.66kpa
q r 5.6kpa 9.1kpa 14.7kpa
qt 5.6kpa
Strain at A
(q z v (q r qt ))
z
E
(100.66 0.5 (14.7 5.6))
z 0.001293
70000
Deflection factors at A due to left load and right load are 0.68 and 0.21 respectively.
Total deflection,
(0.68 0.21) 350 12.7
w 0.0565cm
70000
2. A plate loading test usisng a palte of 305mm diameter was performed on the surface of the
subgrade. A total load of 40kN was applied and a deflecrtion of 2.54mm was measured.
Assuming that the subgrsde has a poissons ratio of 0.30, determine the elastic modulus of the
subgrade.
Chapter Two: Examples on Stress in Pavements Page 2
PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES
Given
a 152 .5mm
w 2.54mm
v 0.3
q 40 KN
Solution
The average pressure on the plate is:
40 KN
q 430 kpa
(305 mm) 2
4
(1 v 2 ) q a
E
2 w
(1 0.09) 430 152.5
E 36.88mpa
2 2.54
3. A circular load with a radius of 152mm and a uniform pressure of 552kPa is applied on a two-
layer system. The subgrade has an elastic modulus of 35MPa and can support vertical stress of
55kPa. If the HMA has an elastic modulus of 3.45GPa, what is the required thickness of the
full depth pavement? If a thin surface treatment is applied on a granular base with and elastic
modulus of 172MPa, What is the thickness of the base course required?
Given
a 152 mm
q 552 mm
E 2 35mpa
Qc 55kpa
E1 3.45Gpa
Chapter Two: Examples on Stress in Pavements Page 3
PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES
E1 3.45Gpa Q 55kpa
100 and c 0.099 0.1
E2 35mpa q 552 kpa
a 152 mm
From figure, 1.15 or h1 132.2mm
h1 1.15
The minimum thickness for full depth pavement is 132.2mm.
If E1 173mpa ,
E1 173mpa Q 55kpa
4.94 5 and c 0.099 0.1
E2 35mpa q 552 kpa
a
From figure 0.4 or
h1
152 mm
h1 380 mm
0.4
4. A total load of 90KN was applied on the surface of the two-layer systems through a rigid plate
305mm diameter. Layer 1 has a thickness of 203mm and layer 2 has an elastic moduus of
44.2Mpa. Both layers are incompressible with the poisson ratio of 0.5. If the deflection of the
plater is 2.54mm, determine the elastic modulus of tne layer 1.
Given
q 90kN , w 2.54mm
a 152.2mm, v 0.5
h1 203mm, E2 44.2mpa
E1 ?
The average pressure on the plate is, q 90 kN
1.23mpa
305 2
4
w0 E 2 2.54 44.2
F2 0.507
1.18 q a 1.18 1.23 152 .5
Chapter Two: Examples on Stress in Pavements Page 4
PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES
h1 203 E
Given that 1.33 from figure, 1 5 so,
a 152.5 E2
E1 5 44.2 221mpa
5. The figure below shows a set of the dual tires, each having a contact radius of 115mm and a
contact pressure of 500kPa. The center-to-center spacing of the dual is 343mm. Layer 1 has
a thickness of 152mm and an elastic modulus of 700MPa and layer 2 has an elastic modulud
of 70MPa. Determine the Verical deflection at Point A, which is the inteface benearth the
center of one loaded area.
Given
E1 700 h1 152
10 , 1.322
E2 70 a 115
r
From figure, the deflection factor at point A due to the left load with 0 is 0.59. and that due
a
r 343
to the right load with 2.256 is 0.3.
a 152
By superposition, F=0.59+0.3=0.89
qa
w F
E2
Chapter Two: Examples on Stress in Pavements Page 5
PAVEMENT MATERIALS, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN WORKED EXAMPLES
500 kpa 115mm 0.89
w 0.731mm
70mpa
6. A two lane plain concrete highway slab is 12m long, 7m wide (with longitudinal joint at the
center), and 25mm thick. For a concrete unit weight of 23.5KN/m3, a coefficient of friction
between the slab amd the subgrade of 1.5 and an allowable steess is steel of 300MPa,
determine:
a) The area of the reinforceent per meter required to control temprature cracking in the
longitudinal and tranverse directions and,
b) The area of the vars per meter length.
Given 23.5∗7∗0.25∗1.5∗∗103
As= mm2/m
2∗300
L= 12m
h= 250mm (since 25mm thickness of
As= 103mm2/m
concrete is very small for a rigid pavement, I
assumed 250mm of thickness of concrete)
As= γcLᶦhf/2fs
f= 1.5m
Where Lᶦ=is the distance from the
fs= 300 MPa
longitudinal joint to the free edge where no
Area of longitudinal reinforcement
tie bars exist
As= γcLhf/ (2fs)
Lᶦ= lane width =7m/2= 3.5m
23.5∗12∗0.25∗1.5∗∗103
As= mm2/m 23.5∗3.5∗0.25∗1.5∗∗103
2∗300 As= mm2/m
2∗300
As=176 mm2/m
As= 52 mm2/m
Area of transverse reinforcement
Chapter Two: Examples on Stress in Pavements Page 6
