Citation:
A citation refers to referencing a research article or source in another piece
of work, acknowledging the contribution of previous studies and guiding
readers to the original source for further information.
Example of Citation from Fisheries Research:
Using the provided article, the citation would appear as follows in a
research paper:
Mawa, Z., Hossain, M. Y., Hasan, M. R., Rahman, M. A., Tanjin, S., &
Ohtomi, J. (2022). Life history traits of Mystus vittatus in the Ganges
River, Bangladesh: recommendation for its sustainable management
considering climate change. International Journal of Biometeorology,
66(5), 927-943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02249-7
This includes the full details of the article such as the authors, title, journal
name, volume, issue, pages, and DOI.
h-index:
The h-index is a metric that combines productivity (the number of
publications) and impact (the number of citations per publication). A
researcher has an h-index of 'h' if they have 'h' papers that have each been
cited at least 'h' times.
Example:
Let’s assume that the first author of the article, Zannatul Mawa, has
published 10 papers with the following citation counts:
- Paper 1: 30 citations
- Paper 2: 20 citations
- Paper 3: 18 citations
- Paper 4: 15 citations
- Paper 5: 10 citations
- Paper 6: 8 citations
- Paper 7: 6 citations
- Paper 8: 4 citations
- Paper 9: 2 citations
- Paper 10: 1 citation
In this case, Zannatul Mawa’s h-index would be 6, as 6 of her papers have
received at least 6 citations each.
i10-index:
The i10-index counts the number of publications that have been cited at
least 10 times. This metric was introduced by Google Scholar.
Example:
In the same example for Zannatul Mawa:
- Paper 1: 30 citations
- Paper 2: 20 citations
- Paper 3: 18 citations
- Paper 4: 15 citations
- Paper 5: 10 citations
- Paper 6: 8 citations
- Paper 7: 6 citations
- Paper 8: 4 citations
- Paper 9: 2 citations
- Paper 10: 1 citation
Here, 5 papers have received at least 10 citations, so the i10-index would
be 5.
How to Calculate Citation, h-index, and i10-index:
1. Citation Count:
To calculate total citations, one can search for the article on platforms
like Google Scholar, Web of Science, or Scopus. These platforms provide
citation counts for each paper.
For the provided article:
Go to Google Scholar or any relevant citation tracking platform.
- Search for the title: Life history traits of Mystus vittatus in the Ganges
River, Bangladesh: recommendation for its sustainable management
considering climate change.
- Google Scholar will display the number of times this article has been
cited by other researchers.
2. h-index Calculation:
- List all the articles published by the researcher (e.g., Zannatul Mawa).
- Sort these articles by the number of citations from highest to lowest.
- Identify the point where the number of citations is equal to or greater
than the number of articles (this gives the h-index).
For example, if 6 articles have at least 6 citations each, then the h-index
is 6.
3. i10-index Calculation:
- Count the number of articles that have been cited at least 10 times.
- The total number of articles with 10 or more citations will be the i10-
index.
Practical Example Using the Provided Article:
To check how many citations this article has received, follow these steps:
1. Visit Google Scholar.
2. Type the title: "Life history traits of Mystus vittatus in the Ganges River,
Bangladesh: recommendation for its sustainable management considering
climate change."
3. Look at the citation count that appears next to the article.
Using Google Scholar to Find h-index and i10-index:
- Google Scholar Profile: If the author has a profile on Google Scholar,
their h-index and i10-index will be automatically calculated and
displayed at the top of the profile page.
For example, if Zannatul Mawa has 10 articles, and 6 of those have been
cited at least 6 times, her h-index would be 6. Similarly, if 5 of her articles
have been cited at least 10 times, her i10-index would be 5.
By using these metrics, researchers can track their academic impact in
fisheries research or any other field.
Google Scholar:
Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly search for scholarly
literature. From one place, you can search across many disciplines and
sources: articles, theses, books, abstracts and court opinions, from
academic publishers, professional societies, online repositories,
universities and other web sites.
DOI:
DOI stands for Digital Object Identifier. It is a unique alphanumeric
string assigned to a document, such as a research article, book, or other
digital content, that provides a permanent link to its location on the
internet.
Key Points About DOI:
- Permanent Link: The DOI ensures that even if the URL of the document
changes, the DOI will always lead to the correct resource.
- Standardization: DOIs are standardized across publishers and provide a
reliable way to locate and cite digital content.
- Widely Used in Academia: Researchers use DOIs to reference articles,
ensuring easy access to original sources.
Example of a DOI:
In the example you provided:
> https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-022-02249-7
This is the DOI of the article titled "Life history traits of Mystus vittatus
in the Ganges River, Bangladesh."
By using this DOI, you can access the article directly via a DOI resolver
or by typing it in a search engine or web browser.
Web of Science, Scopus, SCImago, and SJR, which are important
tools and metrics used in academic research:
1. Web of Science (WoS):
- Definition: Web of Science is a comprehensive research database that
provides access to multiple scientific disciplines. It is a well-known
citation index used to track citation data, including articles, journals,
conference proceedings, and other scholarly works.
- Key Features:
- It covers a wide range of scientific fields, including natural sciences,
social sciences, and humanities.
- Researchers can track how many times an article has been cited, find
related research, and identify influential journals and authors in their
fields.
- Use in Research: Researchers and institutions use Web of Science to
evaluate the impact of research papers, assess citation counts, and
calculate metrics such as the **h-index**.
2. Scopus:
-Definition: Scopus is another large, multidisciplinary abstract and
citation database similar to Web of Science. It is managed by Elsevier and
covers a vast range of academic content, including journals, books, and
conference papers.
- Key Features:
- Scopus indexes over 75 million records from more than 24,000 titles.
- It tracks citation data and provides analytical tools to evaluate
research impact, identify influential articles, and explore research trends.
- Use in Research: Researchers use Scopus to find literature, measure
citation impact, and calculate metrics such as the h-index and i10-index.
Scopus also helps universities assess the performance of their faculty and
research output.
3. SCImago Journal Rank (SJR):
- Definition: SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) is a metric that evaluates the
impact and influence of academic journals. It is based on the number of
citations received by a journal and the prestige of the citing journals. The
SJR is developed by SCImago, which uses data from the Scopus database.
- Key Features:
- SJR takes into account not just the number of citations but also the
quality and reputation of the journals providing those citations.
- Journals are ranked based on their SJR score, which helps researchers
identify the most impactful journals in their fields.
- Use in Research: SJR is commonly used to assess the quality of
journals when researchers are deciding where to publish their work.
Journals with higher SJR rankings are typically more prestigious and have
greater influence in their disciplines.
4. SCImago (SCImago Journal & Country Rank):
- Definition: SCImago is a research group that provides a publicly
available portal (SCImago Journal & Country Rank) for analyzing journal
impact based on citation data from Scopus.
- Key Features:
- SCImago offers an interactive platform where users can explore
journal rankings across various subject areas, countries, and regions.
- It ranks journals using various metrics, such as the **SJR** indicator
and h-index.
- Researchers can filter journals by country, field, and subject area to
identify relevant and impactful publications.
- Use in Research: SCImago allows researchers to compare the impact
of journals within specific fields and identify the most influential journals
for submitting their work.
### Summary of Key Terms:
- Web of Science (WoS): A large citation database that tracks scholarly
articles and citation metrics across various disciplines.
- Scopus: Another comprehensive citation and abstract database,
providing similar functions to Web of Science but managed by Elsevier.
- SCImago: A research group that provides journal ranking tools based on
citation data from Scopus.
- SJR (SCImago Journal Rank): A metric that measures the influence of
journals, taking into account both the number of citations and the prestige
of citing sources.
How These Tools Are Used in Research:
- For Researchers: These platforms are used to find literature, track
research trends, identify top journals, assess the quality of journals, and
measure the citation impact of their own work.
- For Universities and Institutions: They help evaluate the research output
and performance of faculty members, departments, and the institution as
a whole.
Each of these tools plays a crucial role in helping researchers identify
high-impact journals, assess the quality of academic work, and track
citation trends across disciplines.
Impact Factor (IF)
The Impact Factor (IF) is a metric that reflects the yearly average number
of citations to recent articles published in a specific journal. It is
commonly used to measure the relative importance or impact of a journal
within its field.
Step-by-Step Guide to Calculating Impact Factor:
1. Identify the Time Frame:
The impact factor for a journal in a specific year is calculated based on
citations from the previous two years. For example, to calculate the impact
factor for the year 2023:
- Year 1: 2021
- Year 2: 2022
2. Count Citations:
Find the total number of times articles published in the journal during
Year 1 (2021) and Year 2 (2022) were cited in Year 3 (2023). These
citations can be found in citation databases such as Web of Science or
Scopus.
Example:
- In 2023, articles published in 2021 were cited 100 times.
- In 2023, articles published in 2022 were cited 150 times.
- Total citations for Year 1 and Year 2 = 100 + 150 = 250.
3. Count the Number of Articles:
Calculate how many articles were published in the journal in Year 1
(2021) and Year 2 (2022). Again, this information can be found on the
journal's website or through databases like Web of Science or Scopus.
Example:
- In 2021, the journal published 50 articles.
- In 2022, the journal published 60 articles.
- Total number of articles = 50 + 60 = 110.
4. Apply the Formula:
Let’s calculate the impact factor of a hypothetical journal in 2023:
- Articles published in 2021 were cited 100 times in 2023.
- Articles published in 2022 were cited 150 times in 2023.
- Total citations in 2023 for articles published in 2021 and 2022 = 100 +
150 = 250.
- The journal published 50 articles in 2021 and 60 articles in 2022, making
the total number of articles 110.
Where to Find Impact Factors:
The Journal Citation Reports (JCR), maintained by Clarivate Analytics, is
the most common source for officially published journal impact factors.
Journals indexed in Web of Science are assigned impact factors annually
based on their citation data.
Key Points:
- The impact factor provides a measure of a journal's influence, but it only
reflects the average number of citations, not the quality or significance of
individual articles.
- Journals with a higher impact factor are generally seen as more
prestigious within their fields, though this metric has limitations and
should be considered alongside other factors, such as the h-index or SJR.
