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Phys 2004 Geography Specialization
1.(a) (i) What is the isothermal process? Derive the work done of an ideal gas in isothermal process.
(ii) Find the change in internal energy of one mole of an ideal gas when its temperature changes from 0 ̊C to 100 ̊C.
(b) What are the characteristic elements of a power cycle or heat engine? Name the three types of thermal expansions and write down their equation.
2.(a) State the coefficient of performance (COP). Give a mathematical statement of equation of state of an ideal gas and for monatomic gases.
(b) When water is boiled under pressure of 2 atm, the heat of vaporization is 2.26x106 Jkg-1 and the boiling point 120 ̊C. At this pressure, one kg of water has a volume 10-³m3 and one kg of steam has a volume of 0.824 m³ (i) Compute the work done when 1 kg of steam is formed at this pressure. (ii) Compute the increase in internal energy.
3.(a) Derive the relation between Cp and Cv for adiabatic process.
(b) Define specific heat capacity at constant volume. If 20g of CO2 is confined to cylinder by a piston, how much heat energy is needed to heat this gas 5°C (i) at constant volume (ii) at constant pressure?
4.(a) State the macroscopic form of the record law of thermodynamics What maximum coefficient of performance of a refrigerator that maintains an made temperature of 5.0 ̊C in room where the temperature a 25 ̊C?
(b) A student takes a 2.5 kg block of ice at 0 ̊C, places it on a large rock outcropping, and watches the ice melt. (a) What is the entropy change of the ice (water)? (ii) If the source heat (the rock) is very massive and remains at a constant 21 ̊C, what is the entropy change of the rock? (iii) What is the total entropy change?
5.(a) Write down the Carnot heat engine and Carnot's theorem. Draw a schematic flow diagram of Carnot heat engine.
(b) A Carnot engine operating at 30% efficiency exhausts heat into a heat sink at 283 K. By how much would the temperature of the heat reservoir need to be raised increase the efficiency of the engine to 45%?
6.(a) State the third law of thermodynamic. What does the third law of thermodynamics mean? Write down kinetic theory of gases.
(b) What is the maximum efficiency of heat engine working between 100 ̊C and 400 ̊C? 7.(a) (i) State the Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law. (ii) Define mean free path and degree of freedom.
(b) What is the mean kinetic energy of a gas molecule at temperature 300 K. If the molecule is oxygen, find the mean square speed and rook mean square velocity.
8.(a) Starting from pressure of the ideal equation. Prove that the root mean square (rms) speed of molecules is Vrms = √ 3 RT M .
(b) Compute the rms speed of (i) helium atoms at 2K. (ii) nitrogen molecules at 27 ̊C.
