CL 104 : BASICS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING (BCE)
ASSIGNMENT 2
Linear Measurements
Theory Questions
1. Enlist various methods of measurement of distance.
2. With neat sketches describe the following instruments
and state their use.
Ranging rods, Ranging poles, Offset rods, Arrow, Chain &
Tape, Peg, Plumb bob
3. Differentiate between cumulative and compensative
errors.
4. Explain the various source of error in chaining.
5. Sketch and describe a line ranger. How it is used on field?
6. Describe how you would range a chain line between the
stations which are not inter visible?
7. What do you mean by measuring distance indirectly?
8. Briefly describe the process of chaining.
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Examples : Linera Measurements
1 True length of a line was known to be 1200 ft. the line was
measured with a 100ft tape and found to be 1205 ft. what is
the error in length of tape? ( Ans : 99.59 ft.)
2 A 20 m tape is held 0.4 m out of line. Find the resulting error
per tape length. (Ans : 0.004 m )
3 A 20 m chain was tested before commencement of the work
and was found correct. After chaining 840 m it was found 0.08
m too long at end of the days work after chaining a distance
1376 m the chain was found to be 0.12 m too long. What is the
true length of distance chained? (Ans :1380.36 m)
4 A field was surveyed by chain and the area was found to be
127.34 acres. If the chain used in measurement was 0.8
percent too long what is the correct area on field?
(Ans : 129.34 acres)
5 A survey line was measured 610 m by 20 m chain. True length
of this line is 612.5 m. Find true (Real) length of chain. (Ans. :
20.08 m)
6 A survey line measured 294.6 m with 20 m chain with falling
gradient of 1:8. After the end of the work; we found that used
chin was 10 cm too short. Find out the true horizontal length
of the line. (Ans.: 290.22 m)
7 The distance between two points A and B measured along a
slope was 1980 m. Determine the horizontal distance between
A & B when a) The angle of slope is 80 b) The slope is 1 in 5 c)
The difference of level of A and B is 80m. (Ans.: (a) 1960.73, (b)
1941.61, (c) 1978.38)
8 On a rising slope of 1:12; a line measured 45.05 m. After end of
the work; 30 m chain was found 5 cm too short. Find out the
true horizontal length of a line. (Ans.: 44.79 m)
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