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Design and analysis of algorithms class notes
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Rened of Asymotsre
Rnotgsrs:
Le Sia SoU Wren Roe
Sedna) Kayes Olgiayy Ae Finn GC. gay VND Oe
Root ts He rotor ECO) Yi bounaed by a constant "C'
gin)
Tq (NSE A oLWon th
Being Riny = a lgind Ih DADO Vi Ment
{wy aad
tad
spine Cr [|
j
% 2 pan
Hue, meot Soe = 19,0 LENG. of PSSSUoIUKey =
VE ings SC = nn oh 7 Sy \ vossrerlity s
2. Alay 2 Vora (od
=
Way = o(n)
ned aoe ame NSE WB eossuste
rs Is
nSyem thatclassmate
Page (
Fin do9 We mocxnacn CHE Re
™ = Ato}
fox i: \ +0:
nt
JOSE REIS jo:
m = Ati)
An = 89= SE _ieomtarants 4g 60
ease US Vaca 4 YG RING easing
E@tny s EUW)A EOYs) 2s EOYn) Se ake
= Wee Uys ee 019 Roly; 00)
6: PU)
Yi \
a
El xa) = A Oe 40. ee
i au a
z me
ay ects | vex.
f z Gos
14
: Elm) = ASHES
= GS
I Irion
fmt RS,
a Ue Fe > bat)
Was aa Lan) 4)pa
eCete)s O piwitt)
Wee
a POrsy-o + SF ei. & pls)
SeEE we ene SEEE ele)
a Rone)
ple»
Ey imdeeengene of FU il plese) 2 pley
p(tigy = PLENE)
i Pte)
p(eiey= PLENE)
Pe)
eleyeceisy > phe elie»
slabs
1ds
wy bY 1
i) Br
pies FG Gsk Oo Square ball. Wok \y_proralorlr'y
PLO1) = Die yay Ab vooy By 2
PEStimy 2 eS), pr
PCM /S) s nf ia 2 > = \wo
be cae Bo Lo tO. Be
ey ee > + wd ot
Tai aes Le Ww \ sasTEKIN Og. Cause) g O eC Wins boils |
Pray PCA) PLA
= “4
Pigs PLA + ely Exe) = ELD Eee)
eg 2 2 rex) Eley y=) in
= Method of \Gorathonal Cxeectation. _—
Hossey before Yoo deagh 1.
+ Kins Randirn vonabte nat inaicarg tne to: of tose y
COE RMCNAetA ee we ap Stor
A neaged See —
| L&E Y be ME oorcame OF the ISt toto -
RNs aa Wich)
nyEtkn/Ys i) = EC wy)
SRSAL HECK),
2
ECxay = 5, PUY = 1) E Oxn/'¥= i)
c
Sy) fase
u
ya 8
Lee thy = ECxny
aul) 9 Lata)
earl
a borsisga :
[Miny = ANSE COSTASSEE CG) Ya rR GD Wo I cE
X ny
Pe QTM) = ne Ty X TH) 4+. A Tiny
t a) Tony = Una toyy 4 nay
RAL Ce Perey nF EO T=)
Baa ne Vie Seen pret uy yes ote HY TD
ATC ~ Cn-ty Tin=Vy ie La TON)
— Cn-\) romp = 4 + (n= TEA)
EN) 5 Vg A PIAA) > uy
N=)
Tin-%) = 1 Be tin =e. WS n-a
(n-ky-\
aN Ch aes ners Vece 01)£CXny = OMogny = expected _oo
1 Gwen a broiean formora "O? IS te Sanu!
fe oy thele exUt Ghul WAgnmant \Loch Cowe Ua Adyonerian ‘ge A voslable (ats Negarion &
Sa conunction ot clang
LENE = Clore Hove VW Meat
re Conqunckwe Normal Saver
SENE YG Ne-comortere | TENE O poihomoll Line SoWAeLe
v
Reprormation Aigadtinm
Gwen a SNE prowwen CG AGALS Ae Hin N \adobler .
Find On oignaenen Hae Sodsties U=E) Bacon ot the Hause
fx Some © > 0 |
wes 4 Edtm of Me Cronies gwe due Vator
G &
Crowe = _ Gre _ Random “Bot, Assigqnensgy te tne VAakes Saroby,
orleart aes oe AMA Ciaoses te Se
u
FrooG Let xy be oa BV ST
Xe 2h ve Ce W Satahed:
Xu = 0 BWMOVLForor nd» Se Clause Soryeed/* Pa Say
oe Unmgecked clovser Say hed
¥
| = Eek 2 BU ECR) A
iat
! ACK) si 40-eXi=O q
PAS Val Vile
EG = ud qk
1 8 3
Ae Soby ge, Ten sk Bae Classe
g
Maiov's lnequality
Lee X Be a Hon -VeE Ondo V Oty Wore
gia :
Pion Cod)bs- gia Noh SAN 2
é AS
ECxX) = 7/3
VS ATE Vela
aot
Tw 2
Ar sa
x
2 OES INA Ga
| Gy \S
=EO)s as Se POCex)
A
RSS eae OKs),
Xe
EEA Bie Noe Mage),
peony Fr PES, ex= 2)
RW
fo) 2 be eluvy 290A
PCx >) ¢ Ely
\
= |PONAKSAT PROMER LSErmE) CNT ord)
Rondore TH ASS AHMENE Weds A 1 Lace AgRstimarion Agoartory
IN Reeeeckakron Leondormped Approx unaiior Agoaten
TEA w the algontinmy NW: ot Crave Saued boy Wun ALONEERY ST
Mo, HE Clawsg, "by SPELL AKigneancAne alana tes
Use Ene metnod oF condironah Vtetctation to decd
Gwen a qoeh, Atv,e)
maxcot CNE. =Hord_tsovt2)
find ose S SV Sven
CR #S AN) Crcope/ suvseey ed Cony
AVES EVE
SC vies A vey
(Gey 172 __Roproximation )
Color eacin Vertex ak ange from Le, 6)
Aimrild ro) Nyry NAY)
Ss _ Lv 1 cov ot vy U eed}
as
er
ren
asidetoe JXer soi A
e 2 OF otrsrwye.
Expteked Sine of cor.
ee, he
LEE
AAR tad pony Ore Aes CO\Od
for any quenedge (oi) er tund poms ofc have sh
vy Low S= Le, aCe, 6) c8/ey te 6) )ECKQ) ss LeU Xe =A) Ht 9. Pe 2 9)
SAVY
Qa
ae
Be vandoma aon that WON
Yis 1, AE Why Verte Bb cored 1O8
o e Ue
EQery ays EGO = we
VL WAG
LOX = vinye sty | HE OX/ Ys) Ye =O)
P eaancte SARE
Svppese we Nave Cotoee dg May Wee nN Nw
~ What color a the bat choice for Ve 2 pote
(
Dinde tae edgy Nto Seats Neen
A = nose not ene aed to Wow Ve
= Those entirely won Vy tay. Vc
Cs The tor coy the cok. (Wen to Ye)E si 2 :
ve
Silent Yew. 0, Yi edn, Yo= de
Wn
Ee / Nite Norn yee | Ye = 4x )
ECL &/ Yew Ye Ue, ye = OD
only “Cy apteceed «
for opkiona) color of Yws Check WMe Geody coiored {Wi
GY _Choae Me colo” Lhe Appeoay Ley - a
Set We e
foots Quo L a
1 With Barer)
Color V dort tOR) Color Moat enacimag ho: %
Rgy borin AE. Lolors bi
je reSilk Pheer reap 2 OA
" OU Kame B) BOX h Kin = Kae Kuen =
© OF (Kune Bye Oc Xo Qe Xue Kaus
|
BOK Mie Oy Way 6G xu. 0)
PX 2B) 17 Ve P Kur, 28)
SOX Gi Ue Yate ON EOX/ Xw 20
oc Wea etn Crates Cates SG OAR) AG Ey Ba,
eee oe
Sis ae
-- We only Need FO Compare |G typ Be
Jnvotiant maintained cey be
mS
Mone CRs = Cdgey tak are mulkenaed In BEak een.
US Bes SCAU GE NNMIA CE
bomere Coz (Ki VW XQ)
Given & Wy DENT Form, ope hove 46 dteide Wheres © Y
Sor etiabie .
Srack_ wrth, Randong Twn Assignment IF False | Grange tne
Nalwe oF One ot tne literals i
fe OX) Vem yp NG Remand (2 Xie) ALGNES)
Crronge tne Clavse WICK YB LMayled -
PET Wi ATS.
Fee TEE
Short WI. Ony Thoin Assignment
Wine CO.
Ak Call clousy Sotete) |
NEAVER
elses
Ripa Vartoble (A LMakyCed Goose.t e-}—>
Wonak U the expecked No. o€ Clips nuded to (tage g
Sorwhed stake?
CAssoming © & sat gtiab\e) )
Lek Te be a Satusfyings Toth ABLnNeNe é :
Let Xi aemore ene no of Elipgto arr Te Stork
from dytanca i Crom Ze.
ECXn) GB a ceed bound +o-tne exeecked Mo: Of Sieh
ECXKa) = 1+ ECXn) Csince wean only go _—
Aayection fon 0) _—
iG Knees Melee ECXny eC CLE CCX) ———
v a
E(Xny) 2 1. 4 EL Koy ae Kn) a
EQ = Ve en? E Oke)Lee TC) * ECKi)
Tuy = 14+ to-y
ESE Ceate Cn) et Chey
UMW 5% 4 TOA) + TH-sy
dts) be Taw + Tn-u)
en CS ween eu) gf 02),
UT) = Qacy VANES EA)
aR CO Nines una es SCC ie OY
permet C\ Sareea) NAN
BCE eae ee Cee eae) GA-&
ANC) ton eesti
RIN) bee NY
To (educe He provabiyy of eC 1a Low than 1
\evd
Mow MANY WkHato ove Aedes ?
OU xXpra): < seOpyed 1
a \o0o
QZ l00On"aa ee
See ys. +7 uke
ti 2 Cans tN =e
Cay a ae a
AC nese eS ———__
ata) = TO) + eo. ies
Tiny = 14 4? = —
Thay = _& Clog) a
Averagn Cole
Tho) >| @ [LU eats
ee n 0 v a
AkQe 4 2XW EP Syreak KM | a —
0) es
Se Ux esxowee fk ers
Neg esata. koa CS! SUS A XT ae
Sos a pe
ee ee (vary Qt) + ke
ko
ob ak ae
—a
aA = 2 eat
Boal (ei) aie
Xs :
Fy =! aint
ip
nm L
ZENE SN EAN G ek
wi
PSOE DE
nu
ees Sesd QU Des = Nal en WER
Pe ea Uy Oye
Se Cre st) ah eed ©
= Z Weel ne
A Na ain) eye) ae
sy 0
i GL NCE na Sou
mu
fi Diog Cnet) + Dlogri (ney = 1
n
Tog ny 2 Logi insy>Qsaove Anos, J
E Gy . Torry + O(n)
+, TMowny = OC)
ii: Avg Cage. 1
Let y ¢ {yjr) n] be the pomtion of the pivot.
; Let Xn envie no. of compamons. of quciaort .
Kee & Vanggen Vartabtg Anak county
Yo find. ECXa)
By Oring Method of congitromatl “Uxpeckakion,
ECxay = 2 pl You)) E.Owvy 28)
YEU}
Bn Pee xe iy 21)
noe beh { )
wv
eine, Uk (xinny 4 ECKo2) ¥en)
N ti
EMG Nes S Sen =e CN)
) ) pe >
NECKnY 2 SECM mee Ct\ts
fey——=—<—$ $$ iaetiinc
+ ih ee
RECO TEC + yer acy
Fy ye
ast va
A Un=\) ECXna) = re CCMA Cine a
ae a
NEC ~ yo
= DEENA a bret Eee eA
——
jie | 6 Uy El et 7
= 2
NE (Xay = Cn-t) EO) ELEC Kn) + Dn
I Aco Wh ein € 2A1Ge-) + IH
ATEny/ -< Cnet neni + Bev
Aine yy EE 3
————_— AM) _¢ Atty
6 Ae tn te a tina] a
i wos
y e
Z > (ney] D+ 1 7Tin-2)
nL N=
S$ 2+ Lin eee t->>|
, afr Nal W-r =& any Nog, (nary,
Se 6,
|| LNSERTION SsoRt
} Lek Xn dtnoke tne BA kak “county Ane Rov of companyons
TSAR in (Mg erkyonu Soe i+
ECXn) = 9?
(gk Yn denote the RV knok County Comraryony neeees fo
___ Tagecting, Ane lork cement ito esyikyon»
Kast Xn Yo
En s EQ) Ea
E (xay zy EXXnnd a OC ory
ee Nn 2 OGnY) a
ie
eos pbetom oo
Major 5 Gove MoorAy the gee (a g& amdaa, d ave by
wnanewer © dINiVe ok, & Wb © wide go
[a
Soca Lemma, cee
eee Gray Goan soglow B20 2
Gedo) 2 cv Cw vb, az) ‘ae
Worok1nt > 5 id
oetine Daw 2 { x | xamay ootaae |
&g + BCa,v) = D(a) = V1.2 q
WV 426, Do) = OLo-tb b) al
O(49,12) + O47 6) = 0 L650) =
So, motimye + by f= a/b 7
O-kb = A%b a
Prook s ; ie
O = bth ce
9cg Cav) 2 9cdCo, bi) oy
lo = WO, +B
Y
Qcd lew) + GedCh ) 2 Beads.) -classmate.
Claim | Omodl < a/2
g) Uf b% San ) ec © 7 0n
Fon Amod < alt
Let xX © Olav)
wenred to eroye %& € OCa-tb, by
a)
Qe Xe b=aG for x een
Enoogh to prve = _Q-t\ = KRY “te x quid a-te —
O-UNb se Xx bee = xclxte)
xX _ Awisy o-th. ~U)
Let Se ey /
a-s = vy
b= wy LO Ge NE
Yo prove + YW Swdta oO & y ee
ca
By = o-t iy)
4 Obs 8) = &
‘+ anda, go 2+ || Woxepstete Bowriscy
Seales ee Do. OF CAME LOANYCOUOALON a
| i= No of musaga to hit Mem Hode aCe laitting
: Bee Qaavy nosy
oe 2 ee Sa et
\
ay ees we Hove (N-1) no dy =
= Xena Ka NEG
- te }
Eos > eax = Sp eles
ter
a
= Vai
Now, ECKING MR ua-\ ae
o Ay a
gee Be Nir SUNS, x \ oe
eR eG) a
2 © (a~yiniay Be——tlessiite
Matering § Yo bijection Eiom § vos AY
WS)
en ae
Q_Mareryng | wy onptadle. AE Mi ea Wr we
=
Such knot _FCmi) = We & Eley 2 We. VE
as
Pree Crs wey < Peel
=<
a
O—&) Pree Woot, mid ¢ Free Catt ray
Qs AI MON Placed 1 O GNELe -
eo
while Cl Qemety) *
m > Beete (Q)
eo MM _propsies to ME Loymman SE Mak PY CaUL Wd
Soa Y_DSE MARY
tetera rotated G55
YEW wnoring :
| Gad (rm, 0) 40 ©
| _ &rtinge
Rises es
NE us Y pKEAk & mamed tom! —
SE Pree Cus,m) < ever WO, mn)
© =~ (wy + Line) ee
Qeada Cony
JotoLclassmate
yy
@
NO- of PLORIOU Cannot exceed Nt
TeEMNALSN _V_Quamantee &
Let Xe thu _no-at_prpraioly neeged CoC Sueot Ets
= :
RSseme each man /wornan har Cwal proba we OF Clnassing AA4
of He_AL Way.
XB the No. of progjay atkyr Having i-| Woman paved NN
One More WMO G oKed-
SF enn probite Rt
: ny
{9 vattinr preteen — tLe
X
Ki_yia GO with ep: H-1A }
oe
fe GR A
Wate) me ss
<. “Toro piopoyaly = _ 28 aio D shen Yo or]
Ver nn~iany [es 7
= &CalanyFAST FouRee TRANSEDR ON é IS 14.
Ay A) A Wass ba fon
Sel
eal, ess
time. 2 byxrity, 5
mE yy
4 2 u \ ° a
Dob, 5, | Oe 2s Bes
e
ir
| Oily Ab Avo
| a\ | lly hte
| nincts |< pi Gb EO) Sebeg Jo _pmsedpdt bu
| | 2% roiynomiall
i | 20 Ls ON wou? os
(i ; i
Wa AL) > “Oo tare tox Gowran, Uempadon
i NCO Se poe
alters Tha isl
Oley). By Pia
1) CRS ees Qe 2
[orbs open eco) a
1 Sen) 0 otters. a ADEN al
Iandumowt = MW (%; -o
CURIE, DS Nerwnh TW LMMMABLEA ola @ Skala _Mkching —
sal wt
PROOF Sopesse Nok marcia © @
SINE AN) YG Se sa Ww
Cg) Cig) ey 8 @
Bor
Pret Gj) > PEG) G Pree Lay J PEEGLYS
Gap em & PEC HY © PREC I) =! 1 Srovlarue pvorssed
Ao j' betove 1 guy mated to | -
VL Con be WRyecked by J OMIA | mamedto O perorn
LAX 1" he fod mane RE. Le
Rae CHUAN) € eve QS sh)
my usin Core.
AS Connex dwoce iY ak a larer pag
= + Ayomptron 4 convadiclsry ps
‘
SESEOp XA. Hn aa
ti te a we Ore. , nat 3
—_ mn
Bi dio Go + Ove ti, Aor AH=1 muiietiearion,
+ N-\ — Aadromy
We Novners method ¢
I |
| (Oni XX + On-2) o¢ + On-zY&X + Coy
ee
(i : Projectiond& uv ony
re
tt = (ON).
— :
LI ne aa Geis ew laic
ce BN
4 8. ——
Ryd Noe (s. 1319 oe
Ug.
RUS) ay WR Ci vey (
Wie <Soy ey te Yo 2 of =I
co { ae
Ly be Ves fq fie - 1 fae]
ed 4 wees. Vie | & |
ee eGy baci]
LY
Bs bt xe
4
Since Vi by Vian oxtnonmmal bay of we
=
Nie Cob erES Grete whan ce Sb y
pb: by
wide [snc
Peer
v= letvy + Cow
Nou) +0 Compute _?
Paes & ST Vs eb +h
=|
BS er rel]
jel Dan | a sa
v= [hy ee i ‘Cortronernal .
bp
———— eeeGo¥ Cormelex
___ Sven that _a( xi) = Pi
fv
Tnie/poiarion problum Vs Solved by 4
Us oO ot fgh|
_ oe
Fy oy
l By May arr
Pigs) DB oy ay tas GU
| Gwe vowes Bij Bri! oS ieclassmate
Marri Inversion Con oe Sime Eved
YE GIRTIA (2 rad
St _ A y uNtoty pmokix -
Recwisne Aigoatnm For irterporskton. /
Lex otsey =) G60) (x Hom) 4 Ba ¥ al xa) = 60
(© qixcy con Ge Soond, then OO) moieplicatwny ave
SveCicrent to Cing OCs)
LAG
Aix, s ols)— Br
Cx- any a As 29
Q bes) = Bi-Ba 1 Qh oky)o Byebe is Qboeny = Baabn
ae es Oty = bacon ea
S computed in ON)
Tnevt = Cb... Be)
Sino Bice Oui) N.S Venet
4 | ie Ko
eoumwery, find atx)
Xeburn AL) CK - Ho) + OaComplexcty 5
Tony = TO-y4 Orny = OY)
Xo gek an Olnignd +e, Fecurrence O¢ ene Roerq
= f YON = DTA y 4 O(N) UY nacded.
U
so ORs COs appa iiss i 22
Bo RC Oy ada bad & On-x%>*)
Ocean P Cre) Ae. Qos)
ee aa i .
ply) = Orr Oys. 4 Ane Ay as
~ Cy 24 Oy + Oy ¢ 4 Ona, YOR o
OFT (Oo Qxa.4 Ona EP) |
| \ DB, 2 We ee! | ae ee.
Ec ee ws Pad | Se pe
\ We Dc Nir: 1 ae | Pe is
: — | {On = Snot
F) whee. one ett iclassmate.
$09 09.2 53,05"
.
OXe Kooks OF yr-1
De Sihatelee Coe= Uy Coy f oe ie 4 099")
Lee x 2 Wok
(Wek) ®~\ = Cant = C14 Wont 4 (wat yea.)
wk 4O
Wak YW ovogt of tira. + E™
We A+ Wak so, + (we)? 5 ©
a | eens
Protests: Te
# I Oq" X Wott 2 We
con! ye) Be ej =n
(oso! ie E Oona
BG = \ \ \ )
Ne a . Oat!
Wot ‘Tape *
fee gn ky)Diy awe arclwetyts |e Cwatt ©
for oy ae «
il ee te
+
|
-- ee
i vee x ay ~
dy) ates Wades Udy wee
lege Ree ne we =
im ® Ussing pee WON ei
i OG ier Cera Mee On Oo.
Win odd
Oe Ome Ong eee otal) © O..0"*)
=| y= or Wey
Then °
a
Dem Cacr Ais, NG IN, Ol \ |] a
ASO WON WON Saat
\ Wat Wont Ewe |
og ttm fen |
be (Woe) Lda)
=. Qs | |:
Boll) 5 71.8. won)
& Won)
ss OCOa yyclassmate
Date \
Page
PMSING LTO 2
2 J eCy + te ot) a frets
E (ton) + on 0 (oor) =o [ekwan)
£ Cosy) + wat o Curnt) i © Wray
ews) + ws Sola") | Ps |
U(Wwary dt .
r ae alee
e {ld} "]
eons]
Chae
2
at QQ)
Wa 0 (Wis)
Wat 0 (Wha)
9
a 2
Wy vo] Uoeq |! | 5 megatve of tomeerer
ze
oe OM)
F Wh) OCWary
OC Ward
Oy, * OF (Wang) J
A LWo*) = eC Win) + Wak OL War) 9 Sev enn
aC UD) = 2 (Want) # bon © (Wn) nace
Oo seen
olwet) = Quan) = Wat o Loom) ¥fet Loty)
=f Fens Abn Ouse On jhe
Wwnsste
Yevorn 0
NS & Qari
ApgroteeeOrneuecnee
| Box Les 0; Ken: ra)
Tey = 2TH) > OMY
v
Weve
Ne =JPRS eto Tile Cl act
wee |
Wont
: |
i
NGEY QoS Qa OE Ls 5 = 0
mV | [etual Fag
mon VAST | a 7 | fi \
Se Nee NG Nae o \
BR ki
BeNne LI =
Au = i ee Neh |
DET marie Ys SyrmedneBET ltnversion
DET Do
LO,
Claim |
Prout of On =
D} On UW Symmetic 1e Oak =On
2) On = fone!
V
- %)||_ On.0n = AT,
| EOne! = |e is
Va wa
(38 sc ces
iclassmate
Bale ees
Page
On Or = | \ \ Niet \ by \ |
aie sa
y we
) Geto |
i PAP s 99!: 0. p07]
z | iV Oo i. 4 Oa
Oo 8 hs °
ees ny
Da Ba Cis V+ (on ded) + Won! uae? yt x Cur)! oi)
Tum (i)
— 3 =¥
HOqj2 wigan 2 5 WOR
Koheiicwe, %x 5
ROS Ne enw 099 1 (Un a teol, Se lban iho
Sit) i, f = WO 7 ICWINYIZIY.
DmooneeINaac aot) (Veco tal choo)
iocohyh rin 1s 91.001 xt
4sect Later} -
At nest
Yewrn Ao
(Oc Or Oma) 2 eet (OG. Ons)
te... Cnn) = Beer (A Ou. Ona)
So (k 20 s wens kee) t
Byatt @eiies Won" On)
ug 240, ¥ = 9" Ox)
ee
Yetorn t Leo, ba)
he “
POLYNOMIAL MULTE LICAMON ‘
We motteety, Oe bie SOT woth
bot ets. ect yaortant eaiynond
OF degiee kad (ic Senate
ChesSe nN Svch Ynok DY aTpower oF TL greaces that
VEE ul Se x
Ler (on. On SEN LO. . Geers...)
nu
Ferre bos eT Ca
mateorc.O. ) ——
«classmate
et
we Need (ALE) Wo KD) =) Me de ie
bone Ay = 3) artsy
esiieu
kq i Ay= Ovloy + Gib, + Abi + Orbe
wi = alwe)
Fist Pa OAGODNS)
QCWg) 2 a Win') Wa!)
Ces Po, 2 Kaw Ban) 2 DET (Ca, Qn)
Qe) = TOST (ooG., . Kor Pn-r)Minumuca Spanning seg r
Gwen GO, ¢) f Hive.) ree Ws eo &
Lind G Sronning Hee of MM wagne -
=|| VSiNE OKC 12 2
Svprove te uw gwen 3D MST oF G Contan.ng, ON.
Giz) Conese (ajov)
| Soreosig & TT Yamst o€ G.
Chore at Co ro Ls us be of sete)
d 4a
Proof Assume_trat TO Lov) y optenal focG.
Ak :
CON tal be ony MST ok GQ. a
WEEE OV an
Lek Toe Ane conieyponding Spanning tee Wn _G ——
SS SCE RGU ON YE oA a MSt ok G'.
Svpesse Tt Y nak “Then Consider an met tot
Sy PUE UV wit TY Were, we gee spanmig tiee 8S
wi aMor CG)
Ov
ie gakiaciuar’
oS
M
GY = _comernce UG vs Gin Gs Gy
TY 22 NSE Lg: B= MES (on)
Pok ww bac
36 WOMAe ms, 9 EX Cnucoe
eANGNY = TM ent) € Tlneney + @lareny
Toye) 2 LUG =\ en vy 4 OC ee)
e OGn ay
Q Forest FS ECA) | Caned Ceendore Aol MST TV”
Gus Sat
fq. AO
yy VE SV _Y oy edge I Oo May Ha UY UD EXLMAE
Mesias Lee © ve an extendire orate. Lee © ee a minima
Weigne edge Anat goes ouk OF a ComPoragt Ten Cole}
W Cxrend\ore.iS l 9)
Let ESE bea fovese
a MST T sucnhimat EST:
Proo§ of Theavend ©
4
Let @ be a Mink CdAge going DUFOE COmMeoreqt *C'
SET gy ammomonst St EST tre Tle!
MMOBE NEVE Q_Cy ele enitin One ease comrg oUt _o€ Cond
Rage inta C. CLeggay comming oUF OF C) OMe Lage bec
Since we!) 2 vsbey 25 T= fet} ofel gy spanning vee,
extenaing © of Oo Gieorem wera. ts
= Sindy ¢ S.
_tengt + way; Tt: a.)
oneA ee Ss
clascmate
Date
y
®SV
Had Cverkex vt
sE plwd ==v ¢
AREUIN
Yetom ply} = find Cetw})
Union L veiker ia, Verket b)
Vv = Lingo)
v= Cindy
AE Wankto} ¢ vank W) ) t
plod =v
We Cronk ty) > vanktv) :
ety - 0
ve vonk Cod == Yanktv) °
Non Cv) 44
elu) =vPa
=
1 dhccrute
| Ga
lon 1G _Yonetoe = 6 The ove abieatt U ays,
wanse leager 15 xX - 7
= | Proo€ by inauckin
Boye cone a
Yon Tx] =O b 4 mG
AL x] econ ye) Oty woon q % HAS (An ¥ Ec nose
NY of ou x mage win KY oy Woaer
WO. GE Hogi Mice: TOV » D"
h_€ ogi
‘
=. Time comoterity * O Celogny’ ie| PRIUS ALGORITHM, i
deseo: aula) x SSs
Qtsre) = 9 i
3 / Q.posin:( Lo sro})
volute Cl empty) s
a LU _Q. Poe} :
for (oy voaj (op) & &
Atte e dey
sy oS AES gee teow)
=HePUSI ES
ar POS LAG} )
Me Catv > wy) t
Y Atv} = won)
QOS eta vy)TXTENved Lvcuio'S Lemma
Ox = bmoin
Ox = Yn L =
Let d= qcdleg) 4 Re
LE A Qomnks Aude ¥, Ho Solotion CXUtS i
Now d= Qealergy es
pe Som Xp epg Loy Some < be
be
aes = ¥d
v2 Mee Weyg Brac
Ercrenaed Ty chd't Algocidiam,
Cao py Gea Cao) : a
AL bo Aaa a em
Veburmn Lo, 0 A)
«4 2 aaws a
¥ > amod's
Cd jee) = cd OX) ae
ketun Cd, = 9Q)