21.1> Instantaneous, peak, R.M.S and Ayerage values of A.

C, power
1. In
In an
an AC
AC circuita
circuit a current of 5A is measured
of 5A
by an AC
1 An ACACvoltage
3. An voltage of v= 2202sin
V=220/2 sin 100a +—
1007t+V
AC ammeter. Then the ea value of
the peak 22
current in the circuit is is applied acrossa
across a DC
DC voltmeter, its reading
5 will be
be

1)A
1)
2 1)220/2
1)
3)
2202Vy
220
3) 220 VV
2)110
2) 110VV
4}
4) zero
zero
4. The
The reciprocal ofof impedance is called
oatled
3)5 A l)1)Reactance 2) Admittance
L2)
4)NNone
one ofoftheabove
the above 3)
3) Inductance 4)
4)Conductance
2. PPower
OW r consumed inanin an ac
ac circuit s.5. The
The rmsrms value of current in y§fi
a 50HzACAC circuit
can hever be negative is
is 6A.
6A. The
The average
average value
value of’AC
of ACcurrent
current overa
over a
2)
2) can be negative cycle
cycle is
negative 3
) can
3) Can never
never be zero
zero 2)
2)
4) both ()
4) (1)and (3)
and (3)
»’zer
zerg 4)
4)
6
Ai‹. rating current
Alternating currsnt A.C voltmeter the
6. The rms value of an AC of 50 Hz is
10 A. ’Fhc
The 12. Using
**- an

difference in the electrical line in a

potentialin
time taken by an alternating current in
read to be 234 volt. If the line
houe
,c ächinp ot›
reaching from
peak value will bc
='-o io
1n zero
be
to n,axiinun,
maximum Vvalue n‹1 the
aJUcäand
known to be 50 cycles/second, frequency in
the equation,
for the line voltage is
and 14.14AA
1)2 2x x 1010 s s and
1)
2)1 1 10-'s sand
xx 10? 7.07AA
and 7.07 1) v= 165 sin (1 00 Tt)
2)
1)55xx 103
10' s s and
and 7.07A
7.07 A 2) v =331 sin (100 Tt)
3)
10 s sand
and 14.14
14.14A A 3)v =220 sin (100 Tt)
200
200
v V,
, 50 4)v = 440 sin (1 00 Tt)
sinusoidal ac
7. A sinusoidal
7. ac source is Of
source is of 50 Hz.
Hz.
2
13. In an a.c. circuit the voltage applied is E= F.
1
The
The value of voltage after s-s from
from the
the start sin ot. The resulting current in the circut
600
600
is
IS
l=I=1,
I$ sjn
sin tjytt — . The
The power
power consumptitjpp
consumption in
200
200
1 1)
) 2 206y 2)
2) V the iven by
the circuit isggiven by
2
E„l„
)B)100v
100 V 4)
4) 5050V V 1) P=/2
P= 2 E,!,
ENI P&
s.
8. An
An electric bulb is designed to to operate at
at
220
220VV dc.dc. If
If this bulb is connected to to an AC
AC E„I„
E,,
3)
3)P P=0
=0 4) P=
4) P=
source
source and
and gives
gives the
the same
same brightness
brightness asas given
given 22
in the dc dc circuit. The
The peak voltage of AC AC 14.
14. The
The peak value ofof A.C
A.Cis 22
2/2A A.. lt's
It'sapparu
apparent
sourcgis value will be
be
2)220 V
1)1
1) A1A )2 A
3)31v 4) 440 V
3)4
3) 4A A 4)4)zero
zero
9. Alternating current in circuit is given by
I I= =Io '’
115. An
An AC
ACsource
source of
of voltageVV== 100 sin 100 t *is
100 sin
lh sin
sin 2wt.
2rnt. Then the
the time taken by by the
current toto rise from
from zero to
to r.m.s. value
value is
is Gonnected
connected toa of resistance 20D
to a resistor of 20 S2.
equal
equal to
to Total heat generated in
in one
one cycle is -J.
11 1 1)
1) 2)
2 ') 22 2)5
2) 5J J
2n
2n nn
3) 4/2
42 4)
4) zero
zero
1 l1
3)
3) 4Il 4)
4) 18. V oltage
4n 16. Voltage and
and current in an AC
ACcircuit am
are &*"
give
8n
8n
10. AC instruments measure
AC measuring instruments by nd
aand
1) peak value
1) peak value
mneasure
2)rrms
ms value
by V=10sin 100 t
V = 10 sin 100 m —“
6
any sany value 4) average value
4) average value I=4sin 100 rt +6
I= 4sin l0o t +— wer loss
The averagep power
The °*'
11. A.C
A.C power ist
power transmitted fromaa power
ransmitted power house
house
average
at
ata a high voltage asas in
in circuit
circuit will
will be
be
1) The
1) of transmission
The rate of 1)5 5WW
1)
transmission ÎSis faster at higy
high 2)8
2) 8 W W
voltage
voltage 3) 10 WW
3) 10 4)
4) zero
2)
2) It is more
more economical
economical due
due to
to less power loss
less power 11.
17. Thei
The mpedanc
impedancee ofof an
an A.C SQand
3)3)Power cannot betransmitted at low Vo circuit isis 2020 " The
A.C circuit
transmitted at low voltages
ltages reactanc
reactancee of
of the same
same circuit
circuit is is 12a122. "
4)A precaution
4) A precaution against theft
theft of
of transmission
transmission power factor of the circuit is
is
lines
 lternating current
AAlternating
4 23. The peak valuc of an alternating emf E given
1) 2
5 by E = Egcosot is 10volt and frequency is 50

3)
2
4) Hz. At time |sec, the instantaneous
5 2 600

18. The rms current in an ac circuit is 2A, If the value of emf is

wattless current bc V3A, then powcr factor is ) 10volt 2) 5/3 volt
1 3)5 volt 4) | volt
V2 24. An AC source is rated at 220 V, 50 Hz. The
4)
1 time taken for voltage to change from the peak
3 value to zero is
I00
100 1) 5050sec
1) sec 2 2) 0.02
11.82 sec
sec
119.
’.AA Capac(tor is
-uF capacitor is in series ith a.. 100
scries with II
100 SQ
3)55 sec
3) sec 4)55x x 10‘’
4) sec
10 sec
resistor is
resistor is connected
connected to
to a a l10 V, 50
10 V, 50 Hz
HZ 2s. The instantaneous value
The instantaneous current in
of current
value of in an
an ac
ac
25.
supply. Find the
the time lag
lag between current TU
andvoltage maximum ‹' isI I=2
circuit is —2 sin (100 Tt
zt* + )A.)A. The
The current
current
maximum and voltage maximum 33
l)8 ms
1)8 ms 2)
2)44 ms
ms at the
the beginning
beginning (t
(t =
= 0)
0) will
willbbe
at
3)2.5
3) ms
2.5 ms 4)None
4) None
1)
1) 2V3A
23A A
20. Alternating current cannot be measured by DC
DC
ammeter because
ammeter because 3) —N3A-A
3) 4) zero
4) zero
22
I)1)average value of
of current for co.nplete cycle
current for
is zero
1S zero What will
26. What will be the equation
equation of
of ac
ac of
of frequency
frequency
2) AC
AC changes
changes direction
direction 75 Hz
Hz if
if its
its r.m.s.
r.m.s. value
value isis 2020A A
2)
3) AC
3) AC cannot
cannot pass
pass through
through DC
DC ammeter
ammeter 1)i i = =20
1) 20 sin 150
150 tm
4) DC
4) DC ammeter will be
ammeter
ammeter
be smaller than AC
AC i-2042
i 02 sin (1 50 nt)at)
sin(150
20
20
21. The
21. The time
time taken
taken by
bya asinusoidal ac of 50 Hz Hz in
in
3)i=
3) i= —sin (150 nt)
sin (150 zt)
reaching from
reaching from zero
zero to
to its
its rms
rms value
value isis
1) 20 ms
1)20 ms 2)2) 10
10 ms
ms
4)4) i=20W2
i= 202 sin
sin(75 ct)
(75 nt)
3)5 ms
3) 5 ms 4) 2.5
2.5 ms
ms
27. The
27. The rms rms value
value ot’
ofcurrent tromtt-=0
curent from 0 to
tc›1 t = 3s
3s
4)
22. The
ror the current
for the currenti 'i= (3t)A
(3t)A isis
22. The rms
rms value of
value ot" an
an alternating einf
alternating. emf l )1)2 2A A 2) 1.45
1.45AA
2)
E=E, sin ot+ 3)4 AA
3
and its 3)4 AS.9 A sA
228.
8• In
III an
drt AC
AL' circuit,
Cll“tttt{, voltage
VL›lttt ¢ is
in Vo
Vg sin
min (ot)
(tnt) and
and
l
frequency isis 50
50 HHz.. At
At aa time
i› C t= ,
S s, the
the
600 current is l cos ot - The average power
instantaneous value
instantaneous value of the
the emf
einf isis
in the circuit is Volon. Here, n is
I )1)l 1V V 2)2)55\3v
V Isy'}
3)5 5V V
3) 1) 2)
4) 10
4) 10 V V 2

3)
3)
4
 ANSWER KEY
ANSWERK EY
10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
2. 3. 5 6.
2 2 2 3 2 2
3 4 3 3 4
2 1 4 2
24. 25. 26. 27. 28.
19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
16. 17. 18.
2 4 4
4 2 4
3 2 3

SOLUTIONS
SOLUT ONS

RMS value
measuresRMS 8. Vms =Vdc = 220V
AC ammetermeasures
1.1. ACammeter value . Vrms ' Vdc' 220V
Given
Given Ims 5A5A
Inc V=v2 Vme =1.414x 220
V — 2 VMS =1.414x 220
=311V
= ’,=L V2-5/2A — 311V
Tms
W2 9. I=io sin2nt
in anacaccircuit
consumedinan circuit is 9. I = in sin2nnt
Power
2. 2. Power consumed is
’ i,sin 2rnt
mcos Q
V2=i sin 2wt
1
’ 2Tnt= ’t=:
Poweris issigned
Power signedquantity,
quantity,negativ
negative power
e power just sin 2znt=
sin 2nt = 4 8n
just
represents
represents power flowingin in opposite direction 4 8n
power flowing opposite direction 10. AC measuring instruments (AC ammeter and
from
from positive
positive power.
power. IO. AC voltmeter)
measuring instruments
measure (AC ammeter and
rms value.
Across
DC DC voltmeter reading will be zero.
11.voltmeter) measure rms value.
3. 3.Across voltmeter reading will be zero. is transmitted from a power house
A.C power
4. 4 Admittance
Admittance JI. A.C at power
a high is transmitted
voltage as it isfroma power housedue
more economical
current over a cycle is ata tohigh voltageloss.
less power as it is more economical due
5. Average
5.Average value
value AC AC
of of current overa cycle is
zero.
zero.
to less power loss.
12. VrmsV ’ V,=234/2 =331 V
6. 6.Time
Time for reaching
forreachin maximum or peak value
g maximum 2 V ' 0
V0 =234 =331
V
or peak value
from 0
ODDO o= 2n=2 x 50 = 100 T
m=2nn =2s x
T_1,
-=-X
1-S= 1 .:: V=Vo sin50ot—=331
loo <sin 100 tt
4 4 50 200 V — Si l tit = 331 sin 100 m
13. P=+o EmsLrms COs
l0”3s10
5 X=5x J3.P ' E ,I , cos Q
= EmsLms COS=0
I = Imin 10A, —Imin' —10 =10
10A,I ' E Irms 2
S —0
2 2
2/2
-’- Jo—.:. lo102
= 10W2A = 14.
A — 14.14A 14 A
14. ms =
=2A
=2 A
2 20 220
7. Vms
Vrrns v 15. H=Pt Eoto-T= E,
i5. H = Pt=— *'" 2 2Rf
Vo' Vo2V
=V2Vms
= = 200 200 = 200V 2 100 x 100
200V
100x 2x10a20x 50 =5J (OR)
=

V —VV=Vo
o sinsin 2rvt
2nvt 2 x 20x SO
AH = ims RT
= 200=200
sin sin 2nx
2s• 50 • S0%! Vo 100
600 600
rms
V2 RV2 20x v2 V2
V= Vo Sin ot =100 sin 100 Ttt
— 200=sin
200
——sin200x =200x=100
6 2——1002V
V
* — vo0= sin ‹nt
100— T100’2f=
sin 100100t
tu — 100 x 2af= too
Alternating zrru*v
l
l ' ==i,
i, sin (2rf)t M
sin(2irf)t 2n(50)t=
27t(50)
t = —
f= 50 = TT=
=—
ff 50 2 44
1
5 11 25 22 ’t= ==2.5
2.5 ms
ms
AH
AH=— 2 20xx
x 20 = x-x=5J
— = 5J 400
400
V2 50 22 s5

16. P= Vms ms COS

22. E=2 Ems sin 2rft +3
10
10 44
COS —
= 10 W
W 1
= cos —
33 223. Eo = 10 Vvolt,
a. Given that, F.n Olt, t= S
600
lmpedance Z = RVR?+X'
2
17. Impedance Z=
+X 1
17. 2 2 2 = E, cos
..EE-E, cos 2nnt
2unt==10 cos 22rx
10cos 50x g$
n x x50x
where ‘XX ’iisS the
thereactance, =R+
20 =R
reactance, 20 + 122
12 600

’—>resistance
resistance R R=J400-144
= 400 44 = 256 =16
= V256 =16
7
= 10 cos 6 - io
= 10cos -1osf5
=5
2volt
volt

T1
224. sec
sec —5
=5xx 10 sec
10 sec
R
4
‘’ 44 50x4
50 x4 200
200
25. Instantaneou s current,
25. Instantaneous current,
XX 12
12 3 3
tan =
RR 16 4 4
16 I=2 100 tat ++—
sin 100
I=2 sin
44 3
Power factor cos
cos $= =
55
18. Ims
18. sin Q = = 3 3
ip Sin
Att=0, I=2sin3 - 2 2 =5A
At t = 0, I=2 sin — =2

V3 26. i i==iio
n sinat
sin ot
sin6 =
sin , ==60°
60°
2 m o==2f=
2nf — 2s(75)
2(75)’ o= 150150
1
Now cos$
Now cos '= ims ’,=20V2
I0 = 202
22
lfl. tu
19. ) == 2s
2 x xf f=
— 100
100 nT i=202 sin
i=20/2 sin(150 m)
rt)
1 1
X,— — 100 f2
== 1002
Co 100 xx100
1000 J i'dt
idt
100 Tx106
n x 10“ 27. i =
ms
J dt
R R=
= 100
100 D
RR t’
J 9rdt
9t'dt 3
4 3
Xc
3

0.25
=ot ’ =]00 xIXt ’ t=
4 100
100
t=2.52.5 x x 10
10' sec
sec == 2.5
2.5 ms
ms I =3/3 = 5.19A
<0.• DCDCammeter
arnmeter measures average current in AC’
AC
ci rcuit.
circuit. Average current is is zero
Zero tor
for one
One
Ccomplete
Omplete cycle. Hence reading will be
28. I=1, cos ot-=l,
3
sin ot+ 6
be zero.
21. i i =
= iioo sin
sinot
‹at
Whent
when t =0
=0 theni =0
theni=0
Pavg = Vms rus COS = Ve2 cos 6

when
theni i=
—iirms =