HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

PRESENTATION

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Phaeno Science Center

The Phaeno Science Center, located in Wolfsburg, Germany, is a

world-renowned science museum and interactive learning center designed
to inspire curiosity and creativity through science, technology, and
innovation. Opened in 2005, the center is celebrated not only for its
engaging exhibits but also for its iconic architectural design.

Architectural Marvel

● Architect: Designed by the award-winning architect Zaha Hadid, the Phaeno

Science Center is an architectural masterpiece.

Interactive Exhibits

● The center houses over 350 interactive exhibits that cater to all age groups.
● Exhibits explore various scientific concepts, such as physics, mathematics,
biology, and robotics, through hands-on activities.

3. Education and Innovation

● The Phaeno Science Center is a hub for STEM (Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics) education.

4. Cultural Impact

● As one of the largest science centers in Germany, Phaeno has become a

significant cultural landmark.

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LOCATION CORDINATES`

Willy-Brandt-Platz 1,
52.4289° N, 10.7905° E
38440 Wolfsburg,

Germany

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 ARCHITECT Zaha Hadid: The Visionary Architect
Zaha Hadid (1950–2016) was an Iraqi-British architect and one of the most influential and celebrated figures in
contemporary architecture. Known as the "Queen of the Curve," she was a pioneer of parametric design and
futuristic architecture, breaking boundaries in form, structure, and style.

Early Life and Education

● Full Name: Dame Zaha Mohammad Hadid

● Born: October 31, 1950, in Baghdad, Iraq
● Died: March 31, 2016, in Miami, USA
● Education:
○ Studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut.
○ Pursued architecture at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, graduating in
1977.

Zaha Hadid: The Visionary Architect

Zaha Hadid (1950–2016) was an Iraqi-British architect and one of the most influential and celebrated figures in contemporary architecture. Known
as the "Queen of the Curve," she was a pioneer of parametric design and futuristic architecture, breaking boundaries in form, structure, and style.

Early Life and Education

● Full Name: Dame Zaha Mohammad Hadid

● Born: October 31, 1950, in Baghdad, Iraq
● Died: March 31, 2016, in Miami, USA
● Education:
○ Studied mathematics at the American University of Beirut.
○ Pursued architecture at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London, graduating in 1977.

Architectural Philosophy and Style

● Zaha Hadid’s designs are characterized by their boldness, fluidity, and innovation.
● She introduced deconstructivism, challenging traditional geometric forms and emphasizing fragmented
and dynamic shapes.
● Her architecture often reflects organic forms and smooth curves inspired by natural elements.

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 ARCHITECT Zaha Hadid: The Visionary Architect
Major Architectural Works
Zaha Hadid designed iconic structures worldwide, including museums, cultural centers, bridges, and
skyscrapers.

1. Phaeno Science Center (2005) - Wolfsburg, Germany

A futuristic science museum with bold, fluid forms that appears to "hover" above ground.

2. Guangzhou Opera House (2010) - China

Known for its unique asymmetrical design, resembling two pebbles by a river.

3. Heydar Aliyev Center (2012) - Baku, Azerbaijan

An award-winning cultural center recognized for its flowing, wave-like design.

4. MAXXI Museum (2010) - Rome, Italy

Italy's National Museum of 21st Century Arts, featuring interweaving pathways and dynamic forms.

5. London Aquatics Centre (2011) - London, UK

Designed for the 2012 Olympics, it mimics the undulating motion of water.

6. The Riverside Museum (2011) - Glasgow, Scotland

A museum of transportation with a zigzagging roofline inspired by the city's industrial heritage.

Awards and Recognition

Zaha Hadid received numerous awards and accolades during her career:

● Pritzker Architecture Prize (2004): The first woman to win this prestigious award.
● Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE): Honored in 2012 for her services to
architecture.
● Stirling Prize: Won twice, in 2010 and 2011, for her contributions to modern design.
● Numerous other honors, including UNESCO Artist for Peace and recognition by the RIBA.

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 Historical Context
1. Wolfsburg's Historical and Urban Context
● Wolfsburg's Identity:
Wolfsburg is famously known as the home of Volkswagen AG, a hub of industrial innovation and engineering excellence. The city’s identity has long been tied to progress and technological
advancements.
● Cultural Development:
In the late 20th century, Wolfsburg began expanding its cultural and educational offerings to complement its industrial reputation. The idea of a science center aligned with this goal, positioning
Wolfsburg as a forward-thinking city.

2. Post-Reunification Germany (1990s)

After the reunification of East and West Germany in 1990, the nation experienced a surge in urban renewal and investment in cultural infrastructure. This was a time when many cities sought to redefine
themselves in a unified Germany, with projects that emphasized science, technology, and education.

● The Phaeno Science Center was conceived during this period as a symbol of modernity and scientific exploration.

3. Emergence of Interactive Science Centers (1990s–2000s)

● In the late 20th century, interactive science centers gained popularity worldwide as tools for education and public engagement in science.
● The concept for Phaeno followed this trend, aiming to combine interactive exhibits with awe-inspiring architecture, setting it apart from traditional museums.
● By integrating architecture with science, Phaeno positioned itself as a global leader in experiential learning.

4. Architectural Innovations of the Early 21st Century

● Architectural Vision:
The early 2000s marked a shift toward experimental and avant-garde architecture. This was a time when iconic buildings became cultural statements.
○ Zaha Hadid, chosen for the project, was at the forefront of this movement. The Phaeno Science Center became a canvas for her deconstructivist vision, characterized by fluid forms and bold
geometries.
● Engineering Milestones:
Advances in construction technologies allowed for complex designs like Phaeno’s hovering concrete structure, making it a milestone in architectural engineering.

5. Scientific and Educational Trends

● The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw an increased focus on STEM education (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics).
● Phaeno's design and interactive exhibits were created to inspire children, students, and the general public to engage with science and technology in a hands-on way.

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 ARCHITECTURAL STYLE

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AVANT - GARDE STYLE

This style is evident in its striking architectural design, which

reflects innovation, modernity, and a departure from
conventional forms. Its design is characterized by bold,
unconventional features that seamlessly blend aesthetic
PLAY OF LIGHT AND SHADOW IRREGULAR FORMS
innovation with functional purpose ;

● Unconventional Forms: Angular, fragmented shapes defy

traditional geometry.
● Innovative Materials: Exposed concrete combines strength
with a futuristic aesthetic.
● Dynamic Spatial Flow: Fluid interiors encourage exploration
USAGE OF MATERIALS FLUID INTERIORS
and discovery.
● Sculptural Aesthetic: The building itself is a striking work of
art.
● Play of Light and Shadow: Skylights and openings create
dynamic lighting effects.
● Future-Oriented Vision: Reflects modernity and a
forward-thinking approach.

SCULPTURAL AESTHETIC FUTURE-ORIENTED VISION

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AVANT - GARDE STYLE IN PHAENO SCIENCE CENTER

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

UNCONVENTIONAL FORMS FLOATING STRUCTURE - SCULPTURAL SUPPORTS

Building appears to float above the ground on

Angular, fragmented shapes defy cone-shaped supports
traditional geometry.

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ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

RAMPS AND ELEVATED WALKWAYS 4. OPEN FLOOR

Spaces flow seamlessly, allowing easy

These create a fluid connection
movement and interaction, which
between levels and exhibits,
enhances the sense of discovery
replacing traditional staircases
throughout the building.

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ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

1. REFLECTION OF DECONSTRUCTIVISM INTERACTIVE ZONES & FUNCTIONAL

SPACES

REFLECTION OF deconstructivist The layout balances functional spaces

principles with fragmented shapes, with exhibition areas for a smooth
broken lines, and asymmetry, creating a experience. The main exhibition hall is
complex but cohesive look. spacious, flexible, and connects the
building.

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 PLANNING & ZONING

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN

GROUND FLOOR
1. PLAZA
2. RAMP
3. ENTRY
4. BAR
5. EXIT
6. AUDITORIUM
7. LOCAL AREA
8. EVENT AREA

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ZONING : GROUND FLOOR PLAN

PUBLIC
SPACE

SEMI PUBLIC -
TRANSITIONA
L SPACE

INFERENCE :

Functions as a public
and interactive hub,
designed for gathering,
movement, and
engagement. The open
layout facilitates
seamless flow and
adaptability, blending
social and transitional
spaces effectively.

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CIRCULATION : GROUND FLOOR PLAN
ENTRY
POINTS

EXITS POINTS

DIRECT
ACCESS

INDIRECT
ACCESS

INFERENCE :

The ground floor has

direct access to public
spaces like the entry,
plaza, auditorium, event
area, and bar, ensuring
easy movement and
interaction.
Indirect access is used for
transitional spaces like
the ramp and local area,
providing connections
without disrupting public
flow. The design balances
open accessibility with
functional separation.

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FIRST FLOOR PLAN

FIRST FLOOR
1. EMPTY
SPACE
2. LADDER
3. KITCHEN &
BATHROOM
4. AUDITORIUM
5. EMPTY
SPACE
6. LOCAL AREA
7. RAMP

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ZONING : FIRST FLOOR PLAN

INFERENCE :

Serves as a
functional and
transitional level,
balancing utility with
connectivity. The
open spaces allow
flexibility, while
private and
semi-private facilities
support the needs of
visitors and staff.

PRIVATE SPACE

PUBLIC SPACE

SEMI PUBLIC -
TRANSITIONAL
SPACE

SERVICES

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CIRCULATION : FIRST FLOOR PLAN

ENTRY
POINTS

EXITS POINTS

DIRECT
ACCESS

INDIRECT
ACCESS

INFERENCE :

The first floor features

direct access to the
auditorium, kitchen &
bathroom, and local area,
while empty spaces and
the ramp provide indirect
access, without affecting
the functionality or flow
of other spaces.

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SECOND FLOOR PLAN

SECOND FLOOR
1. EXHIBITION
2. EMPTY
3. BAR
4. LABORATORY
5. LADDER
6. RAMP &
BRIDGE

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ZONING - SECOND FLOOR PLAN

INFERENCE :

Acts as a specialized
display and working
zone, emphasizing the
exhibition area and
private functions like the
laboratory. Open
circulation elements like
the ramp and bridge
integrate movement and
connectivity into the
spatial design.

PRIVATE SPACE

PUBLIC SPACE

SEMI PUBLIC -
TRANSITIONAL
SPACE

SERVICES

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CIRCULATION : FIRST FLOOR PLAN

ENTRY
POINTS

EXITS POINTS

DIRECT
ACCESS

INDIRECT
ACCESS
INFERENCE :

The second floor, the bar,

empty spaces, and
laboratory on the second
floor are connected
through a fluid layout.
The ramp and bridge
provide easy access,
linking public areas like
the bar with more private
zones, such as the
laboratory, while
maintaining clear
separation and flexibility.

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 SECTIONS

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 SPATIAL ORGANIZATION THROUGH SECTIONS

EXHIBITION & SPECIALIZED ZONES EXHIBITION AREA

LABORATORY
PRIVATE EMPTY SPACE
BAR & BRIDGE

EMPTY SPACE
TRANSITIONAL & FUNCTIONAL ZONE KITCHEN & BATHROOM
AUDITORIUM
SEMI PRIVATE BUT PUBLIC RAMP & LADDER

PLAZA
PUBLIC & ENTRY EXIT ACCESS ZONES RAMPS
ENTRY - EXITS
PUBLIC ZONE EVENT AREA
BAR & LOCAL AREA

Features a dynamic layout with the ground floor focused on public interaction through open spaces and an auditorium, the first floor
balancing functional areas with flexible spaces, and the second floor dedicated to exhibitions and a private laboratory, all connected
by ramps, ladders, and bridges to ensure fluid movement and accessibility.

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 SECTIONS

Here, Spaces Integrates Seamlessly With Its Surroundings Through An Open Ground Floor Plaza, Dynamic Vertical Circulation Via
Ramps And Bridges, And Clear Zoning That Balances Public Interaction And Privacy. Its Curvilinear, Sculptural Design And
Interconnected Spaces Encourage Exploration And Engagement, Making It Both Accessible And Visually Iconic, Offering A
Unique And Engaging Experience For Visitors.

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 MASS & VOID

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MASS & VOID

VOID : OPEN FLOOR,EMPTY SPACES ,LARGE MASS : CURVILINEAR ARCH. FORMS,

EXHIBITION AREA - TRANSPARENCY & THICK,SCULPTURAL WALLS - COMPACT
FLUIDITY VOLUMES

INFERENCE :

BUILDING uses the balance

between mass and void to create
an engaging experience. The mass
forms strong, sculptural spaces like
the auditorium and laboratory,
providing privacy and structure.
The voids, such as the open plaza
and exhibition areas, create
openness, encouraging interaction
and easy movement. This mix of
solid and open spaces makes the
building visually striking while
being functional and accessible for
visitors.

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Structural system
The Phaeno Science Center uses an innovative structural system combining reinforced concrete, steel, and double-skin façades. The building is elevated
on stilts, with minimal internal columns to create large, open spaces. Its curved roof is supported by diagonal steel braces, providing stability and
distributing loads. A piled foundation ensures the structure remains stable on soft ground. The design integrates large glass panels for natural light while
minimizing heat gain, and the open interior allows flexibility for exhibits. This system combines aesthetic fluidity with functional strength.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
The Phaeno Science Center, designed by Zaha Hadid, blurs the line between inside and outside with its fluid geometry. The elevated concrete exterior, with dynamic voids and large
windows, connects visually and spatially to the surroundings. Inside, the open, undulating spaces mirror the exterior’s fluidity, fostering a seamless interaction between architecture and
environment.

The Phaeno Science Center in Wolfsburg, Germany has a close relationship between its inside and outside through its architecture

Artificial landscape
The building is surrounded by an artificial landscape that pulls visitors in.
Raised main volume
The main volume, which houses the exhibition space, is raised and covers an outdoor public plaza.
Crater-like landscape
The main gallery space has an artificial crater-like landscape that allows diagonal views to the different levels of the exhibition.
Supporting cones
The supporting cones are based on the concept of fluidity and create a link between the exterior and the interior.
Wormhole-like extension
A glazed extension of an existing bridge flows through the building, allowing views to and from the exhibition space.
Self-compacting concrete
The building is made from self-compacting concrete (SCC), which allowed for the diverse forms of the building to be achieved.

The Phaeno Science Center is a family-friendly science museum with a restaurant and restrooms.
 Light study
The Phaeno Science Center in Wolfsburg features innovative light and optics prototypes,
including shadow pattern experiments, subtractive color mixing with transparent shapes, and a
flashlight-filter setup. The building's illuminated underside and stilts create striking effects at
night. The open exhibition space allows for free-flowing visibility, while the crater-like interior
offers diagonal views across levels. Its conical legs provide a unique spatial experience below,
and the design responds to its surrounding contexts, including the nearby railway lines,
Autostadt, and city.
Elements of Architecture
1. Dynamic Fluid Design
- The structure embodies Zaha Hadid's signature style, featuring sweeping, fluid forms and dynamic
geometry that make the building appear as if it’s in motion.
- It defies traditional architectural norms with its sculptural and non-linear design
2. Raised Structure
- The building is elevated on concrete stilts, creating an open space underneath. This "floating" effect
allows for a public plaza and pathways below the structure, blending the science center with its urban
surroundings.
3. Concrete Shell Construction
- The exterior is constructed from exposed concrete with angular, intersecting planes, giving it a futuristic
and monolithic appearance.
- The raw material emphasizes strength and durability while enhancing the building's avant-garde
aesthetic.
4. Innovative Use of Light and Space
- The interior is filled with dramatic voids, slopes, and irregular spaces, encouraging exploration and
curiosity.
- Skylights and uniquely shaped windows puncture the structure, allowing natural light to filter in and
casting dynamic shadows throughout the day.
5. Interactive Spaces
- The design is functional and interactive, reflecting the purpose of the science center as a hub for discovery
and experimentation.
- Interior spaces are open and flexible, accommodating various exhibits and activities.
6. Organic Relationship with Environment
- The Phaeno Science Centre integrates seamlessly with its surroundings, using its raised form to connect
urban pathways and provide shelter for outdoor activities
7. Complex Structural Geometry
- Advanced engineering techniques were required to achieve the complex geometry, which pushes the
boundaries of traditional construction methods.
Fenestrations
● The fenestration of the Phaeno Science Center plays a significant role in both its architectural aesthetic
and functionality. Key details include:
● 1. Large, Angular Windows;The building features large, angular windows that punctuate the concrete
façade. These windows are irregularly shaped and strategically placed to create dynamic visual effects
and offer expansive views of the surrounding environment.
● 2. Glass Panels;The glass panels are often used in conjunction with concrete elements, providing a
contrast between solid and transparent surfaces. The windows allow for ample natural light to enter,
making the interior feel more open and connected to the outside world.
● 3. Double-Skin Façade;The building incorporates a double-skin façade with glass and perforated
concrete elements, optimizing insulation, energy efficiency, and acoustics while also enhancing the
aesthetic complexity of the structure.
● 4. Seamless Integration with Exterior;The fenestration is seamlessly integrated with the building’s fluid,
sculptural form, maintaining the flow between the interior and exterior. Large voids and glazing allow for
both visual connectivity and interaction with the external environment.
●5. Strategic Placement for Light Control;The windows are strategically placed to control the influx of
natural light, minimizing glare and heat gain while allowing for visual transparency and spatial openness
within the exhibition halls.
ELEVATION
COLOURS AND Material

The Phaeno Science Center in Wolfsburg, Germany is made of reinforced concrete and features a steel roof:
Concrete
The building's main structure is made of reinforced concrete. The concrete sculpture is made of self-consolidating concrete, a recent innovation in
construction.
Steel
The building's roof is made of steel. The roof is not structurally necessary, but was used for visual purposes.
Color
The building's architecture is mostly white and grey, but the stations are designed in a more colorful way.
Concept diagrams