JAI NARAYAN VYAS

UNIVERSITY, JODHPUR

SESSION:2023-2024

SUBJECT: INSURANCE LAW

THE MOTOR VEHICLES ACT ,1988: MOTOR VEHICLES

AMENDMENT BILL 2019

SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY:

Dr. P.K. MUSHA AYUSHI SINGHAL
ROLL NO: 23LLM30088
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

Firstly, I would like to thank respected Professor for giving me such a

golden opportunity to show my skills and capability through this project.

This project is the result of the extensive ultrapure study, hard work and

labour, put into to make it worth reading. It is my pleasure to be indebted

to various people, who directly or indirectly contributed in the

development of this work and who influenced my thinking, behavior, and

acts during the course of study. Lastly, I would like to thank the almighty

and my parents for their moral support and my friends with whom I

shared my day-to-day experience and received lots of suggestions that

improved my quality of work.

Thanking You…

[AYUSHI SINGHAL ]
TABLE OF CONTENTS
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................................................6
 INTRODUCTION
Vehicle borrowed from Latin vehiculum means "medium'' or agent of
transmission. A vehicle is a machine that transports people or cargo. By
using a vehicle we can cover more distance in less time. It includes
wagons, bicycles, motor vehicles (motorcycles, cars, trucks, buses),
railed vehicles etc. here, we will discuss about motor vehicles and their
act, amendments and Bills. Motor vehicles are a self-propelled vehicle.
In order to give effective rights to the person injured or expire din an
accident, Fatal Accidents Act, 1885 was enacted in India. This Act
provided only a procedure and a right of named legal heirs to claim
compensation from the person committing negligence. This enactment
has worked in India for a comfortable long period.
Because of increase in automation and consequential losses of life and
property in accident, it was considered that to give relief to the victims
of accident claims , an effective law should be brought in.
To facilitate this, provisions have been inserted for compulsory third
party insurance and to provide a machinery of adjudication of claim in
Motor Vehicle Act by amending Act No.110 of 1956, by which Section
93 to 109 with reference to third party insurance and Section 110(A) to
110(F) with reference to creation of Motor Accident Claims Tribunal
and procedure for adjudication of claim has been provided. Initially the
liability was restricted to a particular sum but after 1982 the liability of
the Insurance Company has been made unlimited and even the
defences of the Insurance Companies have been restricted so as to
ensure payment of compensation to third parties. In the year 1982, a
new concept of providing interim compensation on ‘No Fault’ basis
have been introduced by addition of Section 92(A) to 92(E). By the
same amendment, relief has also been given to those persons who
expire by hit and run accidents, where the offending vehicles are not
identified.
motor vehicle act 1988 was passed by the parliament of India, but the
Act came into force from 1 July 1989.This act is responsible for
covering all the aspects that are related to road transport vehicles .
Furthermore, this act provided licensing to the conductors and the
drivers as well as registration of motor vehicles. Also, traffic
regulations, the provision on controlling the permit, penalties, and
liabilities were covered under the motor vehicle act – 1988.

Also, under the motor vehicle act, it is mandatory for a driver to have a
valid driver’s license. Thus, no vehicle can be driven without obtaining
registration under the motor vehicle act first. Also, this registration
certificate is valid from the date of issuing to the next fifteen years.
Furthermore, the license can be renewed for five more years. There are
various offenses that are covered under the motor vehicle act – 1988.
Also, for these offenses, there are penalties which need to be paid by
the person who has committed the crime.
Here are some of the essential road safety rules in India:

  Keep Left
  Use Indicators
  Wear Helmet and Seatbelt
  Do Not Overload
 Do Not Use Mobile Phone
  Give Way to Emergency Vehicles
  Follow Road Signs
  Carry Driving and Vehicle Documents
  Don’t Jump a Red Signal

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Methodology: The project is based on the doctrinal method of

research as no field work done on this topic.

Aims & Objectives: The significant rise in deaths and disabilities due
to motor vehicular accident is alarming! Every other day, a person is
found to be a victim of vehicular mishaps, one leaves the house to
come home and spend time with family, not on some hospital bed.
To do a depth analysis of formation of the motor vehicle act, the major
objective of this act was to concentrate on the innocent people who are
traveling on the road and can get affected by the drivers. The drivers of
this motor vehicle were not held accountable for until this act thus,
under the motor vehicle act, there was a provision for compensation for
these helpless people on the road.
So, it can be said that the motor vehicle act revolves around providing
safety.

Mode of Citation: The researcher has followed a uniform mode citation

throughout the course of this research paper.

Type of Study: For this topic, the researcher has opted for Descriptive
and Explanatory type of study as in this topic, the researcher is
providing the descriptions of the existing facts.

Research Hypothesis: The assumption of the whole project is to seek

knowledge about motor vehicle act to form rules and regulations for
road safety.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF FORMATION OF MOTOR
VECHILE ACT AND SOME AMENDMENTS

Pre –1988 Position

Before,the Motor Vehicle Act, 1988 came in to existence, the Motor

Vehicles Act, 1939 was applicable for all type of Motor Accidents.
The Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, consolidates and amends the law
relating to motor vehicles. This has been amended several times to keep
it up to date. The need was, however, felt that this Act should, now
inter alia, take into account also changes in the road transport
technology, pattern of passenger and freight movements, developments,
of the road network in the country and particularly the improved
techniques in the motor vehicles management1.

Various Committees, like, National Transport Policy Committee,

National Police Commission, Road Safety Committee, Low Powered
Two –Wheelers Committee, as also the Law Commission have gone
into different aspects of road transport. They have recommended
updating, simplification and rationalization of this law. Several
Members of Parliament have also urged for comprehensive review
of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939, to make it relevant to the modern
day requirements. A Working Group was,therefore, constituted in

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January, 1984 to review all the provisions of the Motor Vehicles
Act, 1939 and to submit draft proposals for a comprehensive
legislation to replace the existing Act. This Working Group took into
account the suggestions and recommendations earlier made by
various bodies and institutions like Central Institute of Road
Transport (CIRT), Automotive Research Association of India
(ARAI), and other transport organizations including,

The manufacturers and the general public, Besides, obtaining

comments of State Governments on the recommendations of the
Working Group,these were discussed in a specially convened meeting
of Transport Ministers of all States and Union territories. Some of the
more important modifications so suggested related for taking care of –

a. The fast increasing number of both commercial vehicles and

personal vehicles in the country.
b. The need for encouraging adoption of higher technology in
Automotive sector.
c. The greater flow of passenger and freight with the least impediments
so that islands of isolation are not created leading to regional or
local imbalances;
d. Concern for road safety standards, and pollution control
measures,
 standards for transportation of hazardous and explosive material.
e. Simplification of procedure and policy liberalization’s for private
sector operations in the road transport field; and
f. Need for effective ways of tracking down traffic offenders2.

II. The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

The Supreme Court in M. K. Kunhimohammed v. P. A. Ahmedkutty,

has made certain suggestions to raise the limit of compensation payable
as a result of motor accidents in respect of death and permanent
disablement in the event of there being no proof of fault on the part of
the person involved in the accident and also in hit and run motor
accidents and to remove certain disparities in the liability of the-
insurer to pay compensation depending upon the class or type of
vehicles involved in the accident. The above suggestions made by the
Supreme Court have been incorporated in the Bill of the Motor
Vehicles.
The proposed legislation has been prepared in the light of the
above background. Some of the more important provisions of the
Bill provide for the following matters, namely :-

a. Rationalization of certain definitions with additions of certain

new definitions of new types of vehicles.

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b. Stricter procedures relating to grant of driving licences and
the period of validity thereof.

c. Laying down of standards for the components and parts of motor

vehicles.

d. Standards for anti-pollution control devices.

e. Provision for issuing fitness certificates of vehicles also by

the authorized testing stations.

f. Enabling provision for updating the system of registration marks.

G. Liberalized schemes for grant of stage carriage permit on

non nationalized routes, all India Tourist permits and also national
permits for goods carriages.

h. Administration of the Solatium Scheme by the General Insurance

Corporation.

i. Provision for enhanced compensation in cases of “no fault liability”

and in hit and run motor accidents.
 j. Provision for payment of compensation by the insurer to the
extent of actual liability to the victims of motor accidents irrespective
of the class of vehicles.

k. Maintenance of State registers for driving licences and

vehicle registration.

l. Constitution of Road Safety Councils3.

The Bill also seeks to provide for more deterrent punishment in the
cases of certain offences.

The above suggestions which were incorporated in the Motor

Vehicles Bill received the assent of the President on 14 th October,
1988 and came on the Statute Book as Motor Vehicles Act, 1988.
The Act came into force with effect from 1 st July, 1989 replacing the
Motor Vehicles Act, 1939.

The erstwhile Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 was repealed by section

217 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. Said section 217 also
repealed all laws corresponding to the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939,
then being in force in any State immediately before the commencement
of the Act of 1988 in the respective states.

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III. The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 1994

The Act was amended by the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 1994,
which came in to effect from 14.11.1994. After the coming into force of
the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Government received a number of
representations and suggestions from the State Government Transport
Operators and members of public regarding the inconvenience faced by
them because of the operation of some of the Provisions of the 1988
Act4.

IV. The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2000

The Act was again amended by the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act
2000. Further, amendments in the aforesaid Act have become
necessary so as to reduce the vehicular pollution and to ensure the
safety of the road users. It is, therefore, proposed to prohibit alteration
of vehicles in any manner including change of tyres of higher capacity.
However, the alteration of vehicles with a view to facilitating the
use of eco-friendly fuel including Liquefied Petroleum Gas
(LPG) is being permitted.
Further, it is proposed to confer powers on the Central Government
to allow the alteration of vehicles for certain specified purposes.

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Rajya sabha tv
 At present, the educational institutions are not required to obtain
permits for the operation of buses owned by them. It is proposed to
bring the buses run by these institutions within the purview of the
aforesaid Act by requiring them to obtain permits. It is also proposed to
allow renewal of permits, driving licences and registration
certificates granted under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 to be
renewed under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, by inserting new section
217 -A.
The proposed amendments are essential in the overall interest of
securing road safety and maintaining a clean environment5.

V. The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2001

Third times amendments to this act were brought by the Motor

Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2001. The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988
is a Central legislation through which the road transport is
regulated in the country. By the Motor Vehicles (Amendment)
Act.1994, inter alia, amendments were made for make special
provisions under sections 66 & 67 so as to provide that vehicles
operating on ecofriendly fuels shall be exempted from the requirements
of permits and also the owners of such vehicles shall have the
discretion to fix fares and freights for carriage of passengers and goods.

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supra
The intention in bringing the said amendments was to encourage the
operation of vehicles with such ecofriendly fuels. However, it has
been observed that during the last several years, not only the
supply of ecofriendly fuels like CNG has increased tremendously, a
large number of vehicles have come on the road which in terms of
sections 66 and 67, as amended by the Motor Vehicles
(Amendment) Act, 1994, are operating without any requirement of
permits and are, therefore, not subject to any control of the
State Governments. The number of such vehicles is likely to
further increase substantially6.

VI. The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019

Ministry of Law and Justice under the Government of India has

notified the recently passed new Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Bill,
2019. The legislation was previously introduced in 2017 but couldn't
pass the Rajya Sabha and lapsed with the dissolution of the 16th Lok
Sabha. The 2019 Bill was tabled in both the houses by the Union
Minister for Road Transport and Highways, Nitin Gadkari. The Bill
aims to enforce stricter penalties for road traffic violations.
The Motor Vehicles Amendment Act, 2019, which contains 63

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 provisions that deal with penalties, licenses, registration and the
National Transport Policy, implemented from Sunday, 1 September
2019.
These are provisions which require no further amendments in the
Central Motor Vehicles Rules 1989.
The new law will enhance the penalty for unauthorised use of vehicles
without licence to Rs 5,000 from Rs 1,000. Besides, the penalty for
driving without license will go up from Rs 500 to Rs 5,000.

The Act will also increase the penalty for drunken driving to
imprisonment up to 6 months and/or fine up to Rs 10,000 for the first
offence, and imprisonment up to 2 years and/or fine of Rs 15,000 for
the second offence.

It enables state governments to designate any person or agency as

the enforcement agency to detect and impose a penalty on
overloaded vehicles. The legislation, introduced by Minister of
Road Transport and Highways Nitin Gadkari, was passed by
the Rajya Sabha on 31 July and was passed in the Lok Sabha on 23
July.
The Act also proposes the recall of defective vehicle parts by auto
companies, holding builders accountable for poor quality
infrastructure and making vehicle owners criminally liable for
violations committed by juvenile drivers7.

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The Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act, 2000, Statement of Objects and Reasons
New fines under the Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act 2019

1. Penalty for drunken driving has been increased to 6 months

imprisonment and/or Rs 10,000 fine for the first offence; two years
imprisonment and/or fine of Rs 15,000 for second offence.

2. Penalty for racing and speeding has been increased to imprisonment

of up to 1 month and/or fine up to Rs 500 for first offence;
imprisonment of up to 1 month and/or fine of up to Rs 10,000 for
second offence.

3. Penalty for travelling without ticket has been increased from up to

Rs 200 to Rs 500.

4. Penalty for unauthorised use of vehicle without licence has been

increased from up to Rs 1,000 to Rs 5,000.

5. Fine for individuals driving without licence has been increased from
up to Rs 500 to Rs 5,000.

6. Fine for not wearing seatbelt has been increased from Rs 100 to Rs
1,000.
7. Fine for talking on a mobile phone while driving has been increased
from Rs 1,000 to Rs 5,000.

8. Penalty for drivers if found mentally or physically unfit for driving

will be from up to Rs 200 to Rs 1,000 on the first count, from up to Rs
500 to Rs 2,000 on the second count.

9. Penalty for using vehicles without a permit has been increased to

imprisonment of up to 6 months and/or fine of up to Rs 10,000 on the
first offence; imprisonment of up to 1 year and/or fine of Rs 10,000 for
the second offence.

10. Individuals driving uninsured vehicles will be fined either Rs 1,000

and/or punishment up to 3 months or Rs 2,000 and/or imprisonment of
up to 3 months for first offence; the fine will be Rs 4,000 and/or 3
months imprisonment for the second offence.

11. Punishment for juveniles for offences will include Rs 25,000 and
imprisonment up to 3 years and cancellation of registration of motor
vehicle for 12 months. The juvenile will also become ineligible to
obtain learners' license until the age of 25 years.
 12. If a juvenile uses a motor vehicle in violation of the newly inserted
Section 199A, then the registration of the vehicle might be cancelled
for a year. After a year, a fresh application for registration will be
allowed to be submitted8

New rules and provisions of the Motor Vehicle (Amendment)

Act, 2019

1. Aadhaar card has been made mandatory for getting a driving

licence and vehicle registration.

2. Applicants of learner's licence can now apply to any licencing

authority in the state and submit the application online. The minimum
educational qualification to drive a transport vehicle has been removed.

3. Driving licence-holders can apply for renewal any time between one
year before its expiry up to one year after expiry. Applying for renewal
after one year from the date of expiry of driving license, will require
the applicant to pass the driving test again

4. In case of hit-and-run, the compensation amount provided by the

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 government has been to the victim’s family has been increased from Rs
25,000 to Rs 2 lakh.

5. The Act has provisions for the protection of those who come forward
to help accident victims. Reportedly, they will be protected from
criminal or civil liability and "it will be optional for them to disclose
their identity to the police or medical staff"

6. With regard to road accidents, a time limit of six months have been
specified for submitting the application for compensation to the Claims
Tribunal9.

MOTOR VECHICLES ACT 2019: PROS AND CONS

Motor Vehicle aims to reduce the number of road accidents and

fatalities resulting from them. According to government statistics,
every year 5 lakh road accidents are reported, in which 1.5 lakh people
lose their lives. In the present Motor Vehicle Act, there are 223 Sections
out which the Bill has tried to amend 68 sections. New provisions are
being made to simplify third party insurance claims and settlement
process. Stricter penalties for offences by juveniles, higher
compensation for hit and run cases.

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The Motor Vehicle Act, 1988, Statement of Objects and Reason
The Motor Vehicle Bill proposes insertion of 28 new sections. The
amendments are mainly focused on issues that relate to improving road
safety and citizens’ ease and facilitation while dealing with the
Transport Department. Last mile connectivity, public transport,
strengthening rural transport, automation and computerization,
enabling online services are some of the other areas that find focus in
the Bill. We take a look:
1) With an aim to enhance road safety, the bill proposes to increase
penalties, that it hopes will act as deterrent against traffic
violations. Stricter provisions are being proposed with respect to
offences like driving without licence, over-speeding, juvenile
driving, drunken driving, dangerous driving, overloading etc.
2) To improve delivery of services, e-governance is a highlight of the
bill. This includes doing away with the requirements of educational
qualifications for transport licenses, enabling online learning
licenses, increasing validity period for driving licenses.

3) The compensation for hit and run cases will be increased from Rs
25,000 to Rs 2 lakh. There is also a provision for payment of
compensation up to Rs 10 lakh in the case of road accidents
fatalities. To help road accident victims, “Good Samaritan”
guidelines have been incorporated in the Bill.
 4) The Bill also proposes that in the case of offences committed by
juveniles, the guardian/owner shall be deemed guilty. The juvenile
would be tried under JJ Act. Registration of the motor vehicle will
also be cancelled.

5) To bring harmony of the registration and licensing process,

government proposes to create National Register for Driving
Licence and National Register for Vehicle registration through
“Vahan” & “Sarathi” platforms. This will facilitate uniformity of
the process across the country, says the government10.

CONS;
Many critics dismiss the law as mere cosmetic tinkering. they point out
that the entire law has to be overhauled, not just amended, as it is “as
old
as 31 years”. Once the Amendment is passed, the Bill has to be
stringently implemented and enforced too.
But even for the first step, there seem to be a number of obstacles. Will
the government, police and people work towards a holistic solution, or
will the idea be just another victim?

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The Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act, 2000, Statement of Objects and Reasons
 SOCIAL AND LEGAL ISSSUES

SOCIAL ISSUE
Describing the motor vehicle (Amendment)Act, 2019 that proposes
higher fines for several traffic violations as very rigid.
There’s literally panic among many vehicle owners after
implementation of Motor Vehicle Bill 2019 which not only has the
provision of strict regulation of traffic rules, but also imposing heavy
penalties for violations.
In Delhi, 3,900 challans are issued to various violators on the first day
of the implementation. The social media, as well as regular media, are
showing reports that two-wheelers are charged for 21,000 rupees for
various violation of traffic rule including ‘no-helmet’, ‘no Driving
Licence’ No Insurance etc’.
Many consider that such a huge fine is not justified. States like Punjab,
Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal and Rajasthan refused to implement the
present vehicle act whereas the Gujrat government expressed
reservation on high fines that may not be feasible. The auto and taxi
unions of Delhi demanded rollback of such fines11.

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The Motor Vehicle (Amendment) Act, 1994, Statement of Objects
and Reasons
It is only the people active on social media who are aware of the
changes in traffic rules. People are not aware of the volume of penalties
and its impact. Not many people would know that driving license can
be ceased for three months for violation of certain rules.

LEGAL ISSUES
Several states have decided not to implement the new Motor Vehicles
(Amendment) Act citing unfair penalties. Some states said it would
overburden people while others said it would lead to higher levels of
corruption. The Union Transport Minister Nitin Gadkari differed from
what unconvinced states had to say. He said the high penalties under
the amendment were undertaken after expansive deliberations and the
key objective was to increase road discipline among citizens. India
remains one of the top accident-prone nations in the world. As per
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways data, 1.47 lakh people lost
their lives due to road accidents in 2017; the scenario remains the same
in 2019.
Despite the data and the good intentions behind stricter penalties, states
such as West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jharkhand
and Maharashtra denied imposing stricter fines to boost road discipline.
Meanwhile, other states like Karnataka, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, and
Kerala decided to reduce the rates that have been stated in the amended
act12.

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 ACCIDENT AND COMPENSATION UNDER MOTOR
VEHICLE ACT

In order to give effective rights to the person injured or expired in an

accident, Fatal Accidents Act, 1885 was enacted in India. This Act
provided only a procedure and a right of named legal heirs to claim
compensation from the person committing negligence. This enactment
has worked in India for a comfortable long period. Before the Motor
Vehicle Act, 1988 came in to existence, the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939
was applicable. This Act was amended several times to keep it up to
date. Various Committees and the Law Commission have gone into
different aspects of road transport. They have recommended for
updating, simplification and rationalization of this law.

The Motor Vehicle Act, 1988, has been enacted with following
objectives:-

A. Standards for anti-pollution control devices

B. Enabling provision for updating the system of registration marks.
C. Provision for enhanced compensation in cases of “no fault liability”
and in hit and run motor accidents.
D. Maintenance of State registers for driving licences and vehicle
registration.

SOME IMPORTANT CASES UNDER MOTOR

VEHICLES ACT

1. Kavitha v. Deepak and Others [(2012) 8 SCC 604]

In an accident, which occurred on 2004, the appellant suffered grievous

injuries alleging that the accident was caused due to rash and negligent
driving of the truck owned by respondent No.1 and driven by
respondent
No.2. She alleged that the truck dashed against the Maruti Esteem car
in
which she was travelling and as a result of the accident she suffered
injuries to her head, mouth, right ear and other parts of the body and
consequentially she has become disabled from doing her routine work.
She was initially treated at Government hospital, Ratlam and then at
Bhandari Hospital, Indore. As per the medical advice given at Indore
she
was taken to Mumbai, Chennai and finally to Delhi for treatment. The
appellant filed a petition nder Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act,
1988 for award of compensation to the tune of Rs. 85 lakhs.
In the written statement filed on behalf of the insurance company, it
was pleaded that the accident was not caused due to rash and negligent
driving of the truck and that the driver was not holding a valid and
effective driving license on the date of accident.

The driver of the truck was prosecuted for offences under Sections
279, 337 and 338 IPC. During the trial, he made confession that the
accident was caused due to his rash and negligent driving. The trial
Court convicted the driver and imposed a fine of Rs.2,000/- and in
default to undergo three months imprisonment13.

2.The United India Insurance Co. v. Sh. Pritpal Singh (1996) 113 PLR
49
The accident in relation to which the claim petition was filed by the
heirs of Smt. Jasbir Kaur took place on 7.10.1992 near Dhanas bridge,
Union Territory, Chandigarh. Smt. Jasbir Kaur, who was working as
Lecturer in the Government Senior Secondary School, Dhanas, and
who at the relevant time going on her Kinetic Honda Scooter from
Sector 35 to the School, was struck, by a tractor from behind. In the
accident Smt. Jasbir Kaur sustained injuries and died. Her heirs filed a
claim petition for award of Rs. 20,00,000/- by way of compensation.
The owner and the driver of the tractor contested the claim, on the
ground that the deceased was guilty of negligent driving and her two-
wheeler had struck at the back side on the trolley. The insurance
company contested the claim on the ground that Sant Singh was not

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owner of the vehicle and Nachatar Singh was not qualified to be a
driver of the vehicle.
The Tribunal held that the accident did take place due to rash and
negligent driving of the tractor by Nachhatar Singh. It further held that
income of late Smt. Jasbir Kaur was Rs. 3294/- per month. By
excluding 1/3rd of the salary towards her own expenses the Tribunal
declared tha the annual dependency was Rs. 26,352/-. On this basis, it
held that the total compensation payable to the claimants would come
to Rs. 3,68,928/-. Lastly, the Tribunal considered the two contentions
raised on behalf of the insurance company, namely, that the trolley
which was involved in the accident was not insured with the company
and that the licence possessed by the driver was not a valid licence.
Both these contentions have been rejected by the Tribunal by giving
detailed reasons14.

Conclusion

“Alert today, Alive tomorrow”. As far as road safety is concerned,

discipline is imperative. If implemented in right spirit, the law can
change road habits of all by not only imposing stiffer penalties, but also
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trying to inculcate a sense of responsibility among the citizens. After
the passing of this bill Road and transport Minister says that the Bill
will provide an Efficient, Safe and Corruption Free Transport System in
the Country.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

WEBSITES:-

https://indiankanoon.org

https://pib.gov.in
 https://www.firstpost.com

BOOKS/JOURNALS:-

Times of India

Economic times

 Rajyasabha TV