ISC Class 12 Maths Question Paper

Solution 2017
MATHEMATICS
SECTION A (80 Marks)

Question 1 [10x3]

(i) If the matrix � 6 −𝑥𝑥 2 � is symmetrix, find the value of x.

2𝑥𝑥 − 15 10
(ii) If y – 2x – k = 0 touches the conic 3x2 – 5y2 = 15, find the value of k.
1 1−𝑥𝑥
(iii) Prove that 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −1 �1+𝑥𝑥� = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 √𝑥𝑥
2

(iv) Using L’Hospital’s Rule, evaluate:

𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝜋𝜋
(𝑥𝑥 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − . sec 𝑥𝑥)
𝑥𝑥 → 𝜋𝜋⁄2 4
1 1
(v) Evaluate: ∫ 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 �𝑥𝑥� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(vi) Evaluate:
𝜋𝜋⁄4
∫0 log(1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(vii) By using the data 𝑥𝑥̅ =25, 𝑦𝑦� =30, b yx = 1·6 and b xy = 0·4, find:
(a) The regression equation y on x.
(b) What is the most likely value of y when x = 60?
(c) What is the coefficient of correlation between x and y?
1 1 1
(viii) A problem is given to three students whose chances of solving it are , 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
4 5 3
respectively. Find the probability that the problem is solved.
𝑥𝑥+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑏𝑏 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
(ix) If a + ib = 𝑥𝑥−𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 prove that 𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 = 1 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑦𝑦 2
𝑎𝑎

(x) Solve:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 1 − 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 − 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

10
 Comments of Examiners
(i) Most candidates used the concept of singular Suggestions for teachers
matrix instead of symmetric matrix. Also, errors - Explain basic concepts of Singular
were made by some candidates in solving and Symmetric matrices to students.
quadratic equation. Also provide practice on simple
(ii) Many candidates while expressing the given applications based on the above.
equation into standard form of Hyperbola made - Clarify tangency condition to the
mistakes. In addition, candidates used incorrect students giving sufficient number of
formula of condition of tangency. Some examples. Give ample practice for
candidates used elimination method but made solving different types of problems by
errors in solving quadratic equation to find the applying the tangency condition.
value of ‘k’ by equating discriminant. - Explain clearly the conversion of
(iii)Some candidates used 𝑥𝑥 = cos 2𝜃𝜃 but left it half inverse circular functions (one to
way through. Some candidates attempted it by another form) to students. Give
writing in terms of tan-1 function but failed in the adequate practice for conversion
conversion. through diagram and by using
(iv) This part of the question was well attempted by formulae.
most candidates. - Thorough practice for calculating
(v) Candidates made errors by making inappropriate Limits of Indeterminate Forms
substitution. Some candidates applied correct 0
� 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 �
∞
by application of
substitution (1/𝑥𝑥 = 𝑡𝑡) but made errors in further 0 ∞
L’Hospital’s Rule should be given to
simplification. Many attempted it by incorrect the students.
method of integration by parts so could not get the - Practice should also be given to the
correct solution. students for Graded questions of
(vi) Many candidates made errors in applying the integration by substitution.
properties of definite integrals correctly and some - Teach properties of definite integrals
candidates attempted it by integration by parts. well to the students and give them
(vii) Some candidates considered incorrect regression adequate practice to learn to apply
equations due to lack of understanding of the them appropriately.
regression concept. - Explain clearly the Regression
(viii) Most candidates calculated complement of given equations Y on X and X on Y and the
probabilities but could not complete the solution basic difference between them. Give
due to lack of understanding of the concept of different types of problems for
Probability. sufficient practice.
(ix) Many candidates took rationalization factor - More practice is required in
correctly but errors were committed in the process simplifying the expressions by
of simplifying the expression. Some candidates applying the concept of
not identify real and imaginary parts in the rationalization.
complex number. - Emphasize on mutually exclusive
(x) Many candidates could not separate the variables events and independent events. Give
to solve the differential equation. Some plenty of practice to understand the
candidates attempted it by linear equation method application of 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵 ∪ 𝐶𝐶) = 1 −
but made errors in calculating integrating factor 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴̅). 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵�). 𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝐶̅ ).
and further. In most of the cases, solution had - Adequate practice should be given on
been written without a constant ‘c’. various types of differential
equations.

11
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 1
(i) � 6 −𝑥𝑥 2 � = � 6 2𝑥𝑥 − 15
�
2
2𝑥𝑥 − 15 10 −𝑥𝑥 10
⇒ −𝑥𝑥 2 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 15
x2 + 2x −15 = 0
x2 + 5x −3𝑥𝑥 + 15 = 0
(x + 5) (x −3) = 0
x = −5 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 3
(ii) 3x2 − 5y2 = 15 and Tangent: y − 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑘𝑘 = 0
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
− =1 y = 2x + k
5 3

⇒ a2 = 5, b2 = 3, m = 2 and constant c = k.
Conditions for tangency:
c2 = a2 m2 − 𝑏𝑏 2
k2 = 5·4 − 3 = 17
k = ±√17
(iii) 1
LHS = 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −1 �1+𝑥𝑥�
1−𝑥𝑥
Let x = tan2𝜃𝜃
1 1−𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡2 𝜃𝜃
LHS = 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −1 �1+𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡2 𝜃𝜃�
1 1
= 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −1 (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2𝜃𝜃) = 2 · 2𝜃𝜃 = 𝜃𝜃
tan2 𝜃𝜃 = x
⇒ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 = √𝑥𝑥
𝜃𝜃 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡−1 √𝑥𝑥 (Alternate correct method is also 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎. )
(iv) 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝜋𝜋
(𝑥𝑥 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 − 2 . sec 𝑥𝑥) (∞ − ∞)
𝑥𝑥 → 𝜋𝜋 2⁄
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝜋𝜋 1
� − · �
𝑥𝑥 → 𝜋𝜋⁄2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 − 𝜋𝜋�2 0
� � 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓
𝑥𝑥 → 𝜋𝜋⁄2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥 𝑜𝑜
𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑥𝑥 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + sin 𝑥𝑥
� �
𝑥𝑥 → 𝜋𝜋⁄2 − 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
1
= −1 = −1
(v) 1
Evaluate: ∫ 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 �𝑥𝑥� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1

Let t = 1�𝑥𝑥

12
 1
dt = − 𝑥𝑥 2 dx
1−𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 𝑡𝑡
∴ − ∫ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − ∫ 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2 𝑡𝑡
= 2
�𝑡𝑡 − 2
�

= + 4 sin�2�𝑥𝑥 � −
1 1
+ 𝑐𝑐
2𝑥𝑥

(vi) Evaluate: ∫0
𝜋𝜋⁄4
log(1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎
∫0 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ∫0 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎 − 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋/4
I = ∫0 log[1 + tan 𝜃𝜃)] 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋/4
= ∫0 log[1 + tan(𝜋𝜋�4 − 𝜃𝜃)] 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =
𝜋𝜋/4
∫0 log 2 − log(1 + 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝜃𝜃)] 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜋𝜋/4 ⁄4
I = + I =2I = ∫0 log 2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = log 2[𝜃𝜃]𝜋𝜋0
= log 2 . 𝜋𝜋�4
I = 𝜋𝜋�8.log2
(vii) 𝑥𝑥̅ = 25, 𝑦𝑦� = 30, b yx = 1·6, b xy = 0·4
Regression equation y on x: y − 𝑦𝑦� = b yx (x − 𝑥𝑥̅ )
16
y – 30 = (𝑥𝑥 − 25)
10
y - 30 = 1·6x – 40
y = 1·6x – 10
when x = 60 y = (1·6)(60)-10
= 96 – 10 = 86
Coefficient of correlation: r = ± �𝑏𝑏𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 . 𝑏𝑏𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥

= ± �(1 · 6)(0 · 4) = ±√0 · 64

= + 0·8
∵ both regression coefficients +ve.
1 1 1
(viii) P(A) = 4 , 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) = 5 𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝐶) = 3
1 1 1
P(𝐴𝐴̅ ) = 1 − , 𝑃𝑃 (𝐵𝐵� ) = 1 − , 𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝐶̅ ) = 1 −
4 5 3
3 4 2
= 4
= 5
= 3
3 4 2 2
Probability of none of them solve the problem: 4 . 5 . 3 = 5
2 3
∴ Probability of the problem is being solved = 1 - 5 = 5
(Alternate correct method is also 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎. )

13
(ix) a + ib = 𝑥𝑥−𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
𝑥𝑥+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

𝑥𝑥 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
|𝑎𝑎 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖| = � �
𝑥𝑥 − 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
�𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2
�𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑏 2 = =1
�𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2
⇒ a2 + b2 = 1
𝑥𝑥+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
a + ib = 𝑥𝑥−𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 × 𝑥𝑥+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
(𝑥𝑥+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖)2 𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑦𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
a + ib = = + 𝑖𝑖
𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑦𝑦 2
𝑥𝑥 2 −𝑦𝑦 2 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
a = 𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑦𝑦 2 , 𝑏𝑏 = 𝑥𝑥 2 +𝑦𝑦 2

𝑏𝑏 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
∴ = 2
𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 2
(x) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= (1 + y) – x(y + 1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

= (1+y) (1-x)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
⇒ 1+𝑦𝑦
= (1 − 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
∫ 1+𝑦𝑦 = ∫(1 − 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 2
log(1 + 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑥𝑥 − + 𝑐𝑐 (Alternate correct method is also 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎. )
2

Question 2
(a) Using properties of determinants, prove that: [5]

𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
� 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑎𝑎 � = (a + b + c)(a – c)2
𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏

1 −1 0 2 2 −4 [5]
(b) Given that: A = �2 3 4� 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐵𝐵 = �−4 2 −4� , find AB.
0 1 2 2 −1 5
Using this result, solve the following system of equation:
x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17 and y + 2z = 7

14
Comments of Examiners
(a) Some candidates did not apply the properties of
determinants in the right order. Many candidates Suggestions for teachers
used 𝑅𝑅1 → 𝑅𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑅2 + 𝑅𝑅3 but failed to take - Explain every property of the
common (a+b+c). In addition, candidates used determinants with proper examples.
row/column operation second time but failed to
Teach this type of questions in the
simplify the determinant.
class by discussion method. Stress
(b) Many candidates did not know how to use the upon developing logical and
product A.B to solve the given equations. Made reasoning skills to apply the correct
1 property.
errors in substituting 𝐴𝐴−1 = 6 𝐵𝐵. Some - Basic concepts of inverse of a matrix
and its properties need to be
candidates solved the equations by finding 𝐴𝐴−1
explained with examples. Adequate
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝐴𝐴
by conventional method i.e det 𝐴𝐴
. A few practice should be given to students
for solving equations by inverse
candidates solved it using Cramer’s Rule. matrix method.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 2
(a) 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
� 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑎𝑎 �
𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐 2(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐)
R1 : R1+ R2 + R3 = � 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑎𝑎 �
𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
1 1 2
(a + b+ c) � 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑎𝑎 �
𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
0 1 0
C 1 : C 1 – C 2 (a + b+ c) �𝑐𝑐 − 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑎𝑎 �
𝑏𝑏 − 𝑐𝑐 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2𝑐𝑐
C 3 : C 3 – 2C 2

(a + b+ c) [−1{(𝑐𝑐 − 𝑎𝑎)(𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2𝑐𝑐) − (𝑐𝑐 − 𝑎𝑎)(𝑏𝑏 − 𝑐𝑐)}]

(a + b+ c) (a−𝑐𝑐) [𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 − 2𝑐𝑐 − 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐]

(a + b+ c) (a−𝑐𝑐)2

(b) 1 −1 0 2 2 −4
A.B = �2 3 4� � −4 2 −4�
0 1 2 2 −1 5
6 0 0
= �0 6 0� = 6I
0 0 6

15
 x – y = 3, 2x + 3y + 4z = 17, y + 2z = 7

1 −1 0 𝑥𝑥 3
= �2 3 4� �𝑦𝑦� = �17�
0 1 2 𝑧𝑧 7
AB = 6I
1
⇒ A.�6 𝐵𝐵� = 𝐼𝐼
2 2 −4
-1 1 1
⇒A = 6 𝐵𝐵 = 6 �−4 2 −4�
2 −1 5
3 2 2 −4 3
1
x = A-1 �17� = 6 �−4 2 −4� �17�
7 2 −1 5 7
12 2
1
= 6 �−2� = �−1�
24 4
x = 2, y = −1, 𝑧𝑧 = 4

Question 3
(a) Solve the equation for x: [5]
-1 -1 -1
sin x + sin (1–x) = cos x, x ≠ 0
(b) If A, B and C are the elements of Boolean algebra, simplify the expression (Aʹ+Bʹ) [5]
(A + Cʹ) + Bʹ (B + C). Draw the simplified circuit.

Comments of Examiners
(a) Many candidates made errors in applying the Suggestions for teachers
formula of sin−1 𝐴𝐴 + sin−1 𝐵𝐵. In addition, errors
− Τeach Inverse Circular Functions
took place in simplifying and solving higher
laws thoroughly to the students.
degree algebraic equations. Some candidates
Also, give them adequate practice
converted all terms into Inverse tangent function
for inter conversion of the functions.
form and could not handle the resulting
More practice should be given in
equations.
solving different types of higher
(b) Many candidates made errors after applying the
order equations.
distributive property and some candidates were - Explain laws of Boolean algebra
not clear about addition and multiplication sign. comprehensively to the students and
Many candidates made errors in drawing the ample practice should be given on
circuit diagram. simplification of different types of
Boolean expressions and then
drawing their simplified circuits.

16
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 3
(a) 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 (1 − 𝑥𝑥) = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −1 𝑥𝑥
𝜋𝜋
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 (1 − 𝑥𝑥) = − 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 𝑥𝑥
2
𝜋𝜋
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 (1 − 𝑥𝑥) = − 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 𝑥𝑥
2
1 − 𝑥𝑥 = sin[𝜋𝜋⁄2 − 2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 𝑥𝑥]
1 − 𝑥𝑥 = cos(2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠−1 𝑥𝑥)
1 − 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐[𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −1 (1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2 )]
⇒ 1 − 𝑥𝑥 = 1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2
2𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 = 0
𝑥𝑥(2𝑥𝑥 − 1) = 0
⇒ 𝑥𝑥 = ½ P

(b) (Aʹ + Bʹ) (A+ Cʹ) + Bʹ (B + C)

AʹA + Aʹ Cʹ + BʹA + BʹCʹ + BʹB + BʹC (AʹA = 0, BʹB= 0)
AʹCʹ + BʹA + Bʹ (Cʹ + C) (∵ Cʹ + C = 1)
AʹCʹ + BʹA + Bʹ
AʹCʹ + Bʹ
Aʹ Cʹ

Bʹ

Question 4
(a) Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function:
[5]
f(x) = x (1 – log x) and find the value of ‘c’ in the interval [1, 2]
(b) Find the coordinates of the centre, foci and equation of directrix of the hyperbola x2 [5]
– 3y2 – 4x = 8.

17
Comments of Examiners
(a) Many candidates got confused about closed
interval and open interval while proving Suggestions for teachers
Lagrange’s Mean Value theorem. Some candidates - Teach Lagrange’s Mean Value
committed errors in solving logarithmic equations theorem to the students in detail.
as they could not make a distinction between Also discuss difference between
logarithmic function with base ‘10’ and base ‘e’. ‘closed’ and ‘open’ intervals with
(b) Many candidates failed to convert the given their significance by sketching the
curve etc.
equation into standard form of conic section. The
- Explain basic concepts and
candidates also made errors while applying the properties of logarithmic functions
concepts such as shifting the origin and translation with examples in the class.
of axes. - Explain to the students, conics, their
equations, basic terms related to
them thoroughly giving appropriate
examples. Also, give adequate
practice for simplification of general
conic equation into standard conic
equation, shifting of origin and
translation of axes to compute foci,
directrix and eccentricity, etc.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 4
(a) (i) 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥(1 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙) is continuous function in the closed interval [1,2]
−1
(ii) 𝑓𝑓 1 (𝑥𝑥) = 𝑥𝑥 � 𝑥𝑥 �+(1−log x)
= −log x
𝑓𝑓 1 (𝑥𝑥)existing in open (1, 2)
(iii) 𝑓𝑓(1) = 1(1 − log 1) = 1
𝑓𝑓(2) = 2(1 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙2) =
𝑓𝑓(1) ≠ 𝑓𝑓(2)
∵ All three conditions of Lagrange’s mean values are satisfied, there exists at least one
value of ‘c’ such that:
𝑓𝑓(𝑏𝑏) − 𝑓𝑓(𝑎𝑎)
𝑓𝑓 1 (𝑐𝑐) =
𝑏𝑏 − 𝑎𝑎
2(1 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙2) − 1
− log 𝑐𝑐 =
2−1
−log 𝑐𝑐 = 2 − 2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙2 − 1
log 𝑐𝑐 = −2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙2 − 1
= 2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙2 − log 𝑒𝑒
log 𝑐𝑐 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 4⁄𝑒𝑒
𝑐𝑐 = 4⁄𝑒𝑒 𝜖𝜖(1,2)

18
 (b) 𝑥𝑥 2 − 3𝑦𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 = 8
𝑥𝑥 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 + 4 − 3𝑦𝑦 2 = 8 + 4
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)2 − 3𝑦𝑦 2 = 12
(𝑥𝑥 − 2)2 𝑦𝑦 2
− =1
12 4
⇒ 𝑎𝑎2 = 12, 𝑏𝑏 2 = 4
𝑏𝑏 2 = 𝑎𝑎2 (𝑒𝑒 2 − 1)
4 = 12(𝑒𝑒 2 − 1)
1
3
+ 1 = 𝑒𝑒 2
𝑒𝑒 2 = 4�3
2
𝑒𝑒 =
√3
∴ Centre (2, 0)
Focus (𝑋𝑋, 𝑌𝑌) = (±𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 0)
𝑋𝑋 = ± 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎, 𝑌𝑌 = 0
2
𝑥𝑥 − 2 = ±√12 . , 𝑦𝑦 = 0
√3
𝑥𝑥 = ±4 + 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = 6 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 2, 𝑦𝑦 = 0
(6, 0) and (−2, 0) 𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹
Equation of directrix: 𝑋𝑋 = ± 𝑎𝑎⁄𝑒𝑒
√3
𝑥𝑥 − 2 = ±√12 . 2
𝑥𝑥 − 2 = ±3
𝑥𝑥 = ±3 + 2
𝑥𝑥 = 5 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 − 1

Question 5
(a) If y = cos (sin x), show that:
[5]
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
+ tan x 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + y cos x = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2

(b) Show that the surface area of a closed cuboid with square base and given volume is [5]
minimum when it is a cube.

19
Comments of Examiners
(a) First order differentiation was attempted correctly
by many candidates but some made errors in Suggestions for teachers
second order derivative and framing the required
equation. Several candidates failed to differentiate − Ample practice of derivatives of all
using chain rule. forms of functions should be given to
(b) Many candidates did not express volume and the students.
surface area of cube with square base by correct − Ensure that the students are familiar
formula. Most of the candidates did not show the with the terms area, perimeter, surface
working of second order derivative and failed to and volume of 2-dimensional and
𝑑𝑑2 𝑆𝑆 3-dimensional figures referred to in
prove 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 > 0.
the syllabus.
- Train students to express the function
to be optimized in terms of a single
variable by using the given data.
For minimum value f'(x)=0 and f''(x) >
0.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 5
(a) 𝑦𝑦 = cos(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎:
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
+ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡. + 𝑦𝑦. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑥𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= − sin(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) . 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦
= −[𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑥𝑥. cos(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) − sin(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) . 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠]
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦
= −𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑥𝑥. 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. sin(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 2
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥. 𝑦𝑦 − sin 𝑥𝑥. .
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
+ 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 + 𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑥𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(b) Let the length and breadth be x units (square base), height of cuboid be = h unit.
∴ 𝑉𝑉 = 𝑥𝑥 2 ℎ ⇒ ℎ = 𝑣𝑣�𝑥𝑥 2
S = 2(𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥ℎ + 𝑥𝑥ℎ)
= (2𝑥𝑥 2 ) + 4𝑥𝑥ℎ
𝑣𝑣
S = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥. 𝑥𝑥 2
1
= 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑣𝑣. 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
= 4𝑥𝑥 − 4𝑣𝑣. 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 4𝑣𝑣
= 0 ∴ 4𝑥𝑥 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 2
x3 = v

20
 x3 = x2h
⇒x=h
𝑑𝑑2 𝑠𝑠 8𝑣𝑣
2
=4+ 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑2 𝑠𝑠 8𝑣𝑣
at x = h 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑2 = 4 + ℎ3 > 0
∴ Surace area is minimum when x = h
i.e. When it is a cube, surface area will be minimum.

Question 6
(a) Evaluate: [5]
sin 2 𝑥𝑥
∫ (1+sin 𝑥𝑥) (2+sin 𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

(b) Draw a rough sketch of the curve y2 = 4x and find the area of the region enclosed by [5]
the curve and the line y = x.

Comments of Examiners
(a) Some candidates made errors in substitution. In Suggestions for teachers
most of the cases, candidates who used appropriate
substitution did not split the function into partial - Give students a thorough
fractions to find the integral of each term. understanding and good practice of
Integration using substitution, partial
(b) Many candidates got the correct solution for this
fractions and special integrals.
question. A few candidates solved the question
with incorrect limits. Candidates made mistakes in Instruct students not to leave their
sketching the curve, finding limits and required answer in terms of a new variable.
area bounded by the curves. - Train students to sketch the curve to
understand the requirement like the
area required to be found, the points
of intersection and the limits of the
definite integral. Adequate practice
of solving (sketching) different types
of curves should be given.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 6
(a) 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠2𝑥𝑥
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) (2 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠)
2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
= ∫ (1+𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) (2+𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Let sin x = t

Cos x = dt
2𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵
= ∫ (1+𝑡𝑡)2+𝑡𝑡) = +
(1 + 𝑡𝑡)(2 + 𝑡𝑡) 1 + 𝑡𝑡 2 + 𝑡𝑡
t = 𝐴𝐴(2 + 𝑡𝑡) + 𝐵𝐵(1 + 𝑡𝑡)
−1 = +A ⇒ A= −1
B=2

21
 1 2
= ∫ �1+𝑡𝑡 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2+𝑡𝑡

= 2[− log(1 + 𝑡𝑡) + 2 log(2 + 𝑡𝑡)]

=−2 log(1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) + 4 log(2 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠) + 𝑐𝑐 (Alternate correct method is also 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎)

(b) y2 = 4x
•(4,4)
X 0 1 1 4 +4
y 0 2 -2 4 -4
• • •
y=x (0,0)

X 0 1 2 4
y 0 1 2 4
Area of the shaded region
4 4
= 2 ∫0 √𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − ∫0 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 4 1
= 2. 3 . �𝑥𝑥 3⁄2 �0 − 2
[𝑥𝑥 2 ]40
4 1
= 3 �43⁄2 � − 2
[42 ]
32 8
= −8= sq units
3 3

Question 7
(a) Calculate the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient for the following data and [5]
interpret the result:

X 35 54 80 95 73 73 35 91 83 81
Y 40 60 75 90 70 75 38 95 75 70

(b) Find the line of best fit for the following data, treating x as dependent variable [5]
(Regression equation x on y):

X 14 12 13 14 16 10 13 12
Y 14 23 17 24 18 25 23 24
Hence, estimate the value of x when y = 16.

22
Comments of Examiners
(a) Many candidates made errors in computing Suggestions for teachers
ranks for the scores. Some candidates did not - Provide plenty of practice for solving
have an idea of repetition of rank and problems on correlation.
correction factor. Many used wrong formula
- Train students to use the appropriate
for Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Most
formula as per the requirement of the
of the candidates did not interpret the result.
(b) Many candidates made errors in finding the question. Accuracy levels are to be
regression equation X on Y. Candidates were maintained at highest level as such
not clear about the formulae used for b yx and simplifications involve simple
b xy. Many candidates failed to get the correct calculations only.
value of 𝑥𝑥 for 𝑦𝑦 = 16. Some candidates
started solving with the help of normal
equations but did not get the result.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 7
(a) x y R1 R2 D=R 1 -R 2 D2
35 40 1·5 2 -0·5 0·25
54 60 3 3 0 0
80 75 6 7 -1 1
95 90 10 9 1 1
73 70 4·5 4·5 0 0
73 75 4·5 7 -2·5 6·25
35 38 1·5 1 0·5 0·25
91 95 9 10 -1 1
83 75 8 7 1 1
81 70 7 4·5 2·5 6·25
2
∑ 𝐷𝐷 =17
1
C.F = 12 ∑(𝑚𝑚3 − 𝑚𝑚)

1
= 12 [(23 − 2) + (23 − 2) + (23 − 2) + (33 − 3)]

1
= 12 [18 + 24] = 3 · 5

6�∑ 𝐷𝐷 2 +𝐶𝐶.𝐹𝐹� 6[17+3·5] 867

R=1− 𝑛𝑛(𝑛𝑛2 −1)
= 1− = = 0 · 875
10×99 990

Very high positive correlation

(b) x y dx dy dx2 dy2 [Link]
14 14 1 -7 1 49 -7
12 23 -1 2 1 4 -2
13 17 0 -4 0 16 0
14 24 1 3 1 9 3

23
 16 18 3 -3 9 9 -9
10 25 -3 4 9 16 -12
13 23 0 2 0 4 0
12 24 -1 3 1 9 -3
∑ 𝑥𝑥 = 104 ∑ 𝑦𝑦 = 168 ∑ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 ∑ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 ∑ 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2 = 22 ∑ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 = 116 ∑ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 30
𝑥𝑥̅ = 13 𝑦𝑦� = 21
∑ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 −30
b xy = ∑ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2
= 116

Required regression line: x - 𝑥𝑥̅ = b xy (y - 𝑦𝑦�)

−30
x – 13 = 116 (𝑦𝑦 − 21)
116x + 30y – 2138=0
When y = 16 x = 14·29

Question 8
(a) In a class of 60 students, 30 opted for Mathematics, 32 opted for Biology and 24 [5]
opted for both Mathematics and Biology. If one of these students is selected at
random, find the probability that:
(i) The student opted for Mathematics or Biology.
(ii) The student has opted neither Mathematics nor Biology.
(iii) The student has opted Mathematics but not Biology.
(b) Bag A contains 1 white, 2 blue and 3 red balls. Bag B contains 3 white, 3 blue and 2 [5]
red balls. Bag C contains 2 white, 3 blue and 4 red balls. One bag is selected at
random and then two balls are drawn from the selected bag. Find the probability that
the balls drawn are white and red.

Comments of Examiners
(a) Many candidates used Venn diagrams but Suggestions for teachers
incorrect values of 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴⋂𝐵𝐵). Some candidates
24 24 - Explain the probability properties/laws
noted as 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) = 60 instead of 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴⋂𝐵𝐵) = 60
and their applications thoroughly.
Most of the candidates could not write the required - Lay stress on making the students
combinations correctly. Many candidates wrote
understand the problem and identify
incorrectly 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) =𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵).
the cases that satisfy the situation,
Some candidates did not understand third part of
the question. conditions, conditional probability and
(b) Many candidates did not write this part correctly. condition-based problems.
They mixed the probabilities of one white and one
red. Many candidates wrote the result without
multiplying the result with 1/3.

24
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 8
(a) Let A: event that candidates opted Mathematics.
Let B: event that candidates opted Biology.
30 32 24
P(A) = 60 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) = 60 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 60
(i) P(A∪ 𝐵𝐵) = P(A)+ P(B) - 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵)
30 32 24 19
= 60 + 60 − 60 = 30
(ii) 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴ʹ ∩ 𝐵𝐵ʹ) = P(A∪ 𝐵𝐵)ʹ = 1 - P(A∪ 𝐵𝐵)
19 11
= 1- 30 = 30
(iii) Probability of student has opted Mathematics but not Biology
= 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) − 𝑃𝑃(A ∩ 𝐵𝐵)
30 24 6 1
= 60 − 60 = 60 = 10
(b) Probability of selecting each bag = 1/3.
A B C
White 1 3 2
Blue 2 3 3
Red 3 2 4
Prob of 1 × 3𝐶𝐶1 3𝐶𝐶1 × 2𝐶𝐶1 2𝐶𝐶1 × 4𝐶𝐶1
(1W&1R 6𝐶𝐶2 8𝐶𝐶2 9𝐶𝐶2

1 1×3𝐶𝐶1 3𝐶𝐶1 ×2𝐶𝐶1 2𝐶𝐶1 ×4𝐶𝐶1

The probability: 3 � + + �
6𝐶𝐶2 8𝐶𝐶2 9𝐶𝐶2
1 1×3 3×2 2×4
= 3 � 15 + 28
+ 36
�
1 1 3 2 401
= 3 �5 + + 9� = = 0.212
14 1890

Question 9
𝑧𝑧−𝑖𝑖
(a) Prove that locus of z is circle and find its centre and radius if is purely [5]
𝑧𝑧−1
imaginary.
(b) Solve: (𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + (𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0 [5]

25
Comments of Examiners
𝑍𝑍−𝑖𝑖 Suggestions for teachers
(a) Many candidates took 𝑍𝑍−1
= 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 but could not
𝑍𝑍−1
simplify it further. Some candidates took - The concept of Rationalization done
𝑍𝑍+1
𝑍𝑍−𝑖𝑖 in previous classes must be revised.
instead of 𝑍𝑍−1. Many candidates made errors in - Familiarise students with locus of the
simplification and identifying the real part, and standard equation of Circle, Ellipse,
equating it to zero. Some candidates made Hyperbola etc. Give more practice for
mistakes while noting down the centre and with sketching of straight lines and curves
correct radius. (circle, conics, etc.).
(b) Many candidates attempted it by the method of - Clarify all the forms of differential
Homogeneous equations by substituting y= VX equations and provide sufficient
but could not proceed further. Many candidates practice in solving problems based on
made errors in separating the variables x and y these equations.
and a few candidates did not write the constant C.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 9
(a) Let z = x + iy
𝑧𝑧 − 𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 𝑖𝑖 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑖𝑖(𝑦𝑦 − 1)
= =
𝑧𝑧 − 1 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 − 1 (𝑥𝑥 − 1) + 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
Rationalise denominator
𝑥𝑥+𝑖𝑖(𝑦𝑦−1) (𝑥𝑥−1)−𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
= (𝑥𝑥−1)+𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖
× (𝑥𝑥−1)−𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥−1)+𝑦𝑦(𝑦𝑦−1)−𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖+𝑖𝑖(𝑥𝑥−1)(𝑦𝑦−1)
= (𝑥𝑥−1)2 +𝑦𝑦2
𝑧𝑧−𝑖𝑖
∵ 𝑧𝑧−1 is purely imaginary Real part = 0
∴ 𝑥𝑥(𝑥𝑥 − 1) + 𝑦𝑦(𝑦𝑦 − 1) = 0

𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 0 which is a circle having its centre

1 1 1
(2, , 2 ) and radius =
√2

(b) (𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 2 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + (𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0

𝑥𝑥 2 (1 − 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑦𝑦 2 (1 + 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
1 − 𝑦𝑦 1 + 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 2
1 − 𝑦𝑦 1 + 𝑥𝑥
� 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐶𝐶
𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥
−1 −1
− log 𝑦𝑦 + log 𝑥𝑥 = 𝐶𝐶
𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥
1 1
log(𝑥𝑥�𝑦𝑦) − + + 𝐶𝐶
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦

26
 SECTION B (20 Marks)
Question 10
(a) If 𝑎𝑎⃗, 𝑏𝑏�⃗, 𝑐𝑐⃗ are three mutually perpendicular vectors of equal magnitude, prove that [5]
(𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗) is equally inclined with vectors 𝑎𝑎⃗, 𝑏𝑏�⃗ 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐⃗.
(b) Find the value of 𝜆𝜆 for which the four points with position vectors 6ı̂ − 7ȷ̂, 16ı̂ − [5]
19ȷ̂ −4k� , 𝜆𝜆ȷ̂ − 6k� and 2ı̂ − 5ȷ̂ +10k� are coplanar.

Comments of Examiners
(a) Many candidates used 𝑎𝑎⃗ x �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗� instead of Suggestions for teachers
𝑎𝑎⃗ . �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗� and could not simplify further.
- Εxplain in detail about vectors
Many candidates were unable to express the [Scalar (dot) product of vectors,
�⃗+𝑐𝑐⃗�
𝑎𝑎�⃗ .�𝑎𝑎�⃗+𝑏𝑏
formula for cos 𝛼𝛼 = |𝑎𝑎�⃗|.�𝑎𝑎�⃗+𝑏𝑏�⃗ . Cross product of vectors, their
+𝑐𝑐⃗�
properties, Scalar triple product, -
(b) Some candidates made errors in finding the vectors Proofs of Formulae (Using Vectors)-
�����⃗ Sine rule, Cosine rule, Projection
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 , �����⃗ �����⃗ . Some candidates expanded the
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 and 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
formula, Area of a triangle etc.]
scalar triple product determinant incorrectly. A few - Teach Scalar triple product and its
candidates did not know the basic difference applications with the help of
between position vector and vector. practical examples.
- Advise students to read the
instructions given in the question
carefully.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 10
(a) 𝑎𝑎⃗, 𝑏𝑏�⃗ 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐⃗ are mutually perpendicular.
∴ 𝑎𝑎⃗ . 𝑏𝑏�⃗ = 𝑏𝑏�⃗. 𝑐𝑐⃗ = 𝑐𝑐⃗. 𝑎𝑎⃗ = 0
|𝑎𝑎⃗| = �𝑏𝑏�⃗� = |𝑐𝑐⃗| = 𝑘𝑘 (𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
2
�𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗� = �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗�. �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗�
= 𝑎𝑎⃗ . 𝑎𝑎⃗ +𝑏𝑏�⃗. 𝑏𝑏�⃗ +𝑐𝑐⃗. 𝑐𝑐⃗ + 2(𝑎𝑎⃗.𝑏𝑏�⃗+𝑏𝑏�⃗. 𝑐𝑐⃗ +𝑐𝑐⃗. 𝑎𝑎⃗ )
2
= |𝑎𝑎⃗|2 + �𝑏𝑏�⃗� + |𝑐𝑐⃗|2 = k2+ k2 + k2 = 3k2
�𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗� = √3 k
Let �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗� make angles 𝛼𝛼, 𝛽𝛽 and 𝛾𝛾 with vectors 𝑎𝑎⃗, 𝑏𝑏�⃗ 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐⃗ respectively, then
�𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗�. 𝑎𝑎⃗ = �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗�. |𝑎𝑎⃗| 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝛼𝛼
�𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗�. 𝑏𝑏�⃗ = �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗�. �𝑏𝑏�⃗� 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝛽𝛽
�𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗�. 𝑐𝑐⃗ = �𝑎𝑎⃗ + 𝑏𝑏�⃗ + 𝑐𝑐⃗�. |𝑐𝑐⃗| 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝛾𝛾
�⃗ +𝑎𝑎�⃗.𝑐𝑐⃗
𝑎𝑎�⃗ .𝑎𝑎�⃗ +𝑎𝑎�⃗.𝑏𝑏 𝑘𝑘 2 1
Cos 𝛼𝛼 = = =
√3 𝑘𝑘.𝑘𝑘 √3 𝑘𝑘 2 √3
�⃗ .𝑎𝑎�⃗ +𝑏𝑏
𝑏𝑏 �⃗.𝑏𝑏
�⃗ +𝑏𝑏
�⃗.𝑐𝑐⃗ 𝑘𝑘 2 1
Cos 𝛽𝛽 = = =
√3 𝑘𝑘.𝑘𝑘 √3 𝑘𝑘 2 √3
�⃗ +𝑐𝑐⃗.𝑐𝑐⃗
𝑐𝑐⃗ .𝑎𝑎�⃗ +𝑐𝑐⃗.𝑏𝑏 𝑘𝑘 2 1
Cos 𝛾𝛾 = = =
√3 𝑘𝑘.𝑘𝑘 √3 𝑘𝑘 2 √3

∴ 𝛼𝛼 = 𝛽𝛽 = 𝛾𝛾 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 −1 �1� �
√3

27
 (b) �����⃗
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂= 6ı̂ − 7ȷ̂
�����⃗=16ı̂ − 19ȷ̂ −4k�
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
�����⃗ = 𝜆𝜆ȷ̂ − 6k�
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
������⃗ = 2ı̂ − 5ȷ̂ +10k�
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
�����⃗ �����⃗ = 10ı̂ − 12ȷ̂ − 4k�
�����⃗ −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
�����⃗ = 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �����⃗ = −6ı̂ + (λ+7)ȷ̂ − 6k�
�����⃗ −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
�����⃗
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴= ������⃗ �����⃗= −4ı̂ + 2ȷ̂ + 10k�
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 −𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂
∵ Points A, B, C and D are coplanar
�����⃗ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
�𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 �����⃗ 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
�����⃗� = 0
10 −12 −4
∴ �−6 𝜆𝜆 + 7 −6� = 0
−4 2 10
10[ 10 (λ+ 7) + 12] + 12 [−60 − 24] − 4[−12 + 4(λ + 7)] = 0
10[ 10 λ+ 82] + 12[−84] − 4[4𝜆𝜆 + 16] = 0
84λ = 252
λ=3

Question 11
𝑥𝑥−4 𝑦𝑦+3 𝑧𝑧+1 𝑥𝑥−1 𝑦𝑦+1 𝑧𝑧+10
(a) Show that the lines 1 = −4 = 7 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = = intersect. Find the [5]
2 −3 8
coordinates of their point of intersection.
(b) Find the equation of the plane passing through the point (1,−2, 1) and perpendicular [5]
to the line joining the points A (3, 2, 1) and B (1, 4, 2).

Comments of Examiners Suggestions for teachers

(a) Many candidates formed correct equations from the
- Explain three-dimensional geometry
general points and some of them found the values of
thoroughly especially:
constants 𝜆𝜆 and 𝜇𝜇 correctly. However, they did not
• the different methods for finding
do the verification to prove that the lines are
the shortest distance between two
intersecting. Many candidates used incorrect
lines.
formula to find the shortest distance, to prove the
• if two lines intersect, the method to
lines are intersecting. Some candidates applied
find the coordinates of their point
vector method and proved lines are intersecting but
of intersection.
failed to calculate the point of intersection.
• the concept of expressing the
(b) Many candidates made errors in applying the basic
equation of line and plane in
concept that the direction ratios of normal to the
cartesian and vector form and vice
plane and direction ratios of line perpendicular to the
versa.
plane are proportional.
• different types and methods of
finding the equation of a plane and
straight line in various forms.
• condition for a line and plane to be
perpendicular, condition for two
planes to be perpendicular.

28
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 11
x−4 y+3 Z+1 x−1 y+1 z+10
(a) = = = λ − − − −(1) and = = =μ − − − − (2)
1 −4 7 2 −3 8

⇒ General point on (1) P, (λ+4, −4λ − 3 7λ − 1)

General point on (2) Q, (2 μ + 1, −3μ – 1, 8μ – 10)
If the lines intersect for some values of λ and μ the points P and Q coincide.
∴ λ + 4 = 2µ + 1 ⇒ λ − 2𝜇𝜇 = −3 − − − −(i)
−4λ − 3 = −3µ − 1 ⇒ −4λ + 3µ = 2 − − − −(ii)
7λ−1 = 8µ − 10 ⇒ 7 λ − 8µ = −9 − − − − − (iii)
Solving (i) and (ii) λ = 1 and μ = 2 and
Substituting λ and μ in equation (iii) 7·1 −8 · 2 = −9
Satisfied the (iii) equation.
i.e. the lines intersect
point of intersection is P (5, −7, 6)
(b) Any plane passing through the point (1, −2, 1)
a(x −1) + 𝑏𝑏(𝑦𝑦 + 2) + 𝑐𝑐(𝑧𝑧 − 1) = 0
D.R. of normal to the plane: a, b, c
This plane is perpendicular to the line joining points A (3, 2, 1), B (1, 4, 2)
∴ 𝐷𝐷. ′𝑅𝑅 ′ 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝: 3 − 1, 2 − 4, 1 − 2 𝑖𝑖. 𝑒𝑒. , 2 − 2, −1
∵ D.’R’ of normal to the plane and D.R’ line perpendicular to the plane are proportional.
𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐
= = = 𝑘𝑘
2 −2 −1
a = 2k, b = −2k, c = −k
∴ Required equation of the plane is:
2k (x−12𝑘𝑘(𝑦𝑦 + 2) − 𝑘𝑘(𝑧𝑧 − 1) = 0
⇒ 2x −2 − 2𝑦𝑦 − 4 − 𝑧𝑧 + 1 = 0
2x−2𝑦𝑦 − 𝑧𝑧 − 5 = 0

Question 12
(a) A fair die is rolled. If face 1 turns up, a ball is drawn from Bag A. If face 2 or 3 turns [5]
up, a ball is drawn from Bag B. If face 4 or 5 or 6 turns up, a ball is drawn from Bag
C. Bag A contains 3 red and 2 white balls, Bag B contains 3 red and 4 white balls
and Bag C contains 4 red and 5 white balls. The die is rolled, a Bag is picked up and
a ball is drawn. If the drawn ball is red, what is the probability that it is drawn from
Bag B?
(b) An urn contains 25 balls of which 10 balls are red and the remaining green. A ball is [5]
drawn at random from the urn, the colour is noted and the ball is replaced. If 6 balls
are drawn in this way, find the probability that:
(i) All the balls are red.
(ii) Not more than 2 balls are green.
(iii) Number of red balls and green balls are equal.

29
 Comments of Examiners
(a) Some candidates made errors in computing the
probabilities of selecting Bag A, Bag B and Bag C Suggestions for teachers
as 1/3 instead of 1/6, 2/6 and 3/6 respectively and
were unable to get the result. Some candidates did - Emphasize that probabilities are
not apply the theorem correctly. ratios, not numbers. Clarify the
(b) Many candidates made errors in computing the concept of conditional probability
values of 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑞𝑞 and applying the binomial which helps the students to
probability formula 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 𝑟𝑟) = 𝑛𝑛𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟 𝑝𝑝𝑟𝑟 𝑞𝑞 𝑛𝑛−𝑟𝑟 . Most understand the advanced concept of
of the candidates were not clear in writing the Bayes’ theorem.
correct Binomial Distribution. - Ensure extensive drill on concepts
mean and variance of binomial
probability distribution for thorough
understanding.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 12
(a) E 1 : Event that bag A is picked
E 2 : Event that bag B is picked
E 3 : Event that bag C is picked
P(E 1 ) = 1�6 P(E 2 ) = 2�6 P(E 3 ) = 3�6

3 3 4
P(R/E 1 ) = 5 P(R/E 2 ) = 7 P(R/E 3 ) = 9
By applying Bay’s theorem:

𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸2 ).𝑃𝑃(𝑅𝑅/𝐸𝐸2 )
P(E 2 /R) =
𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸1 ) 𝑃𝑃((𝑅𝑅/𝐸𝐸1 ) +𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸2 ).𝑃𝑃(𝑅𝑅/𝐸𝐸2 )+ 𝑃𝑃(𝐸𝐸3 ).𝑃𝑃(𝑅𝑅/𝐸𝐸3 )

23
.
67 90
= 13 23 34 = 293
. + . + .
65 67 69

(b) Number of red balls: 10, number of green balls: 15

10 15 3
P(R) = 25 P(G) = 25 = 5
= 5 P = 2�5 q = 3�5
2

Number of ways of drawing a red ball:

X = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
P(x=r) =𝑛𝑛𝑐𝑐𝑟𝑟 .[Link]-r
i) All are red
2 6 3 0 2 6
P(X=6) = 6C 6 �5� �5� = �5�
ii) Not more than 2 are green:
⇒ = P(x=4) + P(x=5)+P(x=6)
2 4 3 2 2 5 3 1 2 6 3 0
P(x≥ 4) = 6𝐶𝐶4 �5� �5� + 6𝐶𝐶5 �5� �5� + 6𝐶𝐶6 �5� �5�

30
 iii) Equal number of balls
2 3 3 3
P(x=3) = 6C 3 �5� . �5�

SECTION C (20 Marks)

Question 13
(a) A machine costs₹ 60,000 and its effective life is estimated to be 25 years. A sinking [5]
fund is to be created for replacing the machine at the end of its life time when its scrap
value is estimated as ₹5,000. The price of the new machine is estimated to be 100%
more than the price of the present one. Find the amount that should be set aside at the
end of each year, out of the profits, for the sinking fund if it accumulates at an interest
of 6% per annum compounded annually.
(b) A farmer has a supply of chemical fertilizer of type A which contains 10% nitrogen [5]
and 6% phosphoric acid and of type B which contains 5% nitrogen and 10%
phosphoric acid. After soil test, it is found that at least 7 kg of nitrogen and same
quantity of phosphoric acid is required for a good crop. The fertilizer of type A costs
₹5.00 per kg and the type B costs ₹8.00 per kg. Using Linear programming, find how
many kilograms of each type of the fertilizer should be bought to meet the
requirement and for the cost to be minimum. Find the feasible region in the graph.

Comments of Examiners
(a) Some candidates made errors in calculating the Suggestions for teachers
price of a new machine after 25 years. Some - Explain the difference between the
candidates applied incorrect formula. Many present value of an annuity and the
candidates made simplification errors in computing amount of an annuity and the use of the
the value of ‘a’. appropriate formula.
(b) Many candidates made errors in calculating the - Emphasize on basic concept of sinking
conditions using constraints. Some candidates were fund, present value, maturity value.
unable to represent feasible reason on the graph as - The optimum function and all possible
such they may not have clarity of the concept of constraints in the form of in-equations
solving linear equations graphically. Some must be put down from what is stated in
candidates solved it in terms of decimals and the problem.
mostly went incorrect in simplifications. - Train students to solve the constraints
equations in pairs to obtain all feasible
points leading to optimal value
(maximum or minimum) of desired
function.

31
 MARKING SCHEME
Question 13
(a) Amount required at the end of 25 years = 60,000 + 60,000 – 5,000 = 1,15,000
6
n = 25, i= 100 = 0 · 06
𝑎𝑎
A= [(1 + 𝑖𝑖)𝑛𝑛 − 1]
𝑖𝑖
𝑎𝑎
1,15,000 = 0·06 [(1 · 06)25 − 1]
a [(1 · 06)25 − 1] = 115000×0· 06 =6900
a(3.291871)= 6900, and a = 2096.073
(b) Let x kg of type A fertilizer and y kg of type B fertilizer required.
Type A cost per kg = Rs 5, type B cost per kg = Rs.8
C = 5x + 8y subject to the following constraints:
10% of x + 5% of y ≥ 7 and 6% of x + 10% of y ≥ 7, x ≥ 0 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦 ≥ 0
10x + 5y ≥ 700
2x + y ≥ 140 − − − − − 1
6x + 10y ≥ 700
3x + 5y ≥ 350 − − − −2
2x + y ≥ 140 ⇒ x = 70, y = 0 ⇒ (70, 0)
⇒ x = 0, y = 140 ⇒ (0, 140)
350 350
3x + 5y ≥ 350 ⇒ x = 3 , y = 0 ⇒ ( 3 , 0)
⇒ x = 0, y = 70 ⇒ (0, 70)
Solving 2x + y = 140 and 3x + 5y = 350 we get x = 50 and y = 40 (50, 40)

(0,140)

0,70
50,40• �
350
, 0�
• 3
70,0

The shaded region is the feasible region.

C = 5x + 8y
350 350 1
At ( 3 , 0) C = 5· 3 + 0 =583 3
(50, 40) C = 5×50+8×40 = 570
(0, 140) C = 5×0+8×140 = 1120
So, it is minimum at (50, 40)
∴ Minimum cost is Rs 570 for 50 kg of type A and 40 kg of type B fertilisers procured.

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Question 14
(a) The demand for a certain product is represented by the equation [5]
𝑥𝑥 2
p = 500 + 25x − in rupees where x is the number of units and p is the price per
3
unit. Find:
(i) Marginal revenue function.
(ii) The marginal revenue when 10 units are sold.
(b) A bill of ₹60,000 payable 10 months after date was discounted for ₹57,300 on 30th [5]
June,2007. If the rate of interest was 11¼% per annum, on what date was the bill
drawn?

Comments of Examiners
(a) Many candidates made errors in applying the Suggestions for teachers
concept of Revenue Function. Some candidates - Explain the application of 1st order &
made errors in differentiating the revenue
2nd order differentiation in
function. In addition, calculation errors made in
Commerce and Economics
finding the Marginal Revenue function at x=10.
thoroughly to develop a better
(b) Most candidates could not solve this question
understanding.
completely. Many candidates erred in calculating
- Clarify each term like Cost function,
the value ‘n’. Some candidates attempted to solve
Breakeven point, Profit function,
by taking true discount instead of banker’s
demand function Revenue function
discount. Some candidates had no idea of
and Marginal revenue function, etc.
calculating the date, when the bill was discounted.
- All relevant terms and formulae need
to be taught well for complete
understanding. In addition, good
practice of different types of
questions needs to be given.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 14
𝑥𝑥 2
(a) Demand function P = 500 + 25x − 3
Revenue for function = R(x) = P.x
𝑥𝑥 2
= (500 + 25x − )𝑥𝑥
3
𝑥𝑥 3
= 500x + 25x2 − 3
Marginal revenue function:
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (𝑅𝑅)
𝑥𝑥 3
= 500 + 50x − 3
= 500 + 50x – x2
Marginal revenue when x = 10
= 500+500 – 100 = 900

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 (b) Bill amount = Rs 60,000
Discounted on 30th June 2007
Period of the bill = 10 months
Discounted value of the bill = 57300
Bankers discounts = 2700

45 1
BD = A n i; 2700 = 60,000×n× 4 × 100
4 1 2
n = 2700×45 × 600 = 5 of year

= 146 days

Due date of Bill:

30th June 2007 + 146 days
July 31
August 31
September 30
October 31
November 23
146
rd
∴ Due date of the Bill = 23 November
∴ Nominal due date = 20th November
∴ Date of drawing the Bill is 20th January.

Question 15
(a) The price relatives and weights of a set of commodities are given below: [5]

Commodity A B C D
Price relatives 125 120 127 119
Weights x 2x y y+3

If the sum of the weights is 40 and weighted average of price relatives index number
is 122, find the numerical values of x and y.
(b) Construct 3 yearly moving averages from the following data and show on a graph [5]
against the original data:

Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Annual 18 22 20 26 30 22 24 28 32 35
sales in
lakhs

34
Comments of Examiners
(a) Some candidates made errors in obtaining the Suggestions for teachers
equations in terms of x and y. Many candidates - Train students to identify whether the
used incorrect formula for weighted average of question is based on aggregate or average
price relatives index number. In addition, some method. Thorough knowledge of formula
candidates could not solve the two equations to should be given to students.
find the values of x and y. - For plotting, moving averages correct to
(b) Most candidates calculated moving averages one decimal place is sufficient. The axes
correctly but plotting of moving averages was not should be labelled. Plotting and sketching
correct. Some candidates did not use the averages. should be as neat as possible and the
In some cases, the graphs drawn were not neat. graph should be given a caption.
- Extensive practice is necessary in
plotting points, choosing coordinate axes.
- Advise students to read the question
carefully and choose the correct scale.

MARKING SCHEME
Question 15
(a)
Commodity PR=R Weights RW
A 125 x 125x
B 120 2x 240x
C 127 y 127y
D 119 y+3 119y+357
3x + 2y + 3 = 40
3x + 2y = 37 ------------------ (1)
365𝑥𝑥+246𝑦𝑦+357
Index number: 122 = 40
365x + 246y = 4880 – 357
365x +246y = 4523 ----- (2)
Solving (1) & (2) x = 7, y = 8
(b) Year Annual sales 3 yearly 3 yearly moving
moving total average
2000 18 -- --
2001 22 60 20
2002 20 68 22·7
2003 26 76 25·3
2004 30 78 26
2005 22 76 25·3
2006 24 74 24·7
2007 28 84 28
2008 32 95 31·7
2009 35 -- --

35
 1 unit=1 year
1 unit= 4 lakhs sales

Note: For questions having more than one correct answer/solution, alternate correct answers/
solutions, apart from those given in the marking scheme, have also been accepted.

36
 GENERAL COMMENTS
• Conic Section in general
Topics • Integrals, definite Integrals and curve sketching
found • Vectors and Interchange of vector equation to Cartesian form (vice
difficult by versa) of plane and Straight-line equations of 3D Geometry and their
candidates applications
• Conditional Probability and their applications, Binomial Probability
distribution
• Complex numbers and Inverse circular functions
• Maxima and Minima.

• Hyperbola and Ellipse: Their standard form and other relations

• Lagrange’s Mean Value Theorem
Concepts in
• Product and sum rule of probability and concepts of dependent and
which independent events
candidates
• Definite Integrals and their properties
got confused
• Dot and Cross product of vectors
• Present value of annuity and Amount of annuity at the end of the period

• Avoid selective study. Study the entire syllabus thoroughly and revise
Suggestions from time to time.
for • Concepts of Class XI must be revised and integrated with the Class XII
candidates syllabus.
• Concepts of each chapter/topic must be clear. Formulae of related topics
must be learnt.
• Revise all topics and formulae involved and make a chapter wise or topic-
wise list of these.
• Time management is important while attempting the paper. Practice
solving papers within a stipulated time. Make wise choices from the
options available in the question paper and manage time wisely.

37