Conditional sentences

1.1 Câu điều kiện loại 0

Câu điều kiện loại 0 diễn tả một sự thật, chân lý hiển nhiên trong cuộc sống xảy
ra dưới một điều kiện tự nhiên. Cấu trúc: If + S + V, S + V
Ví dụ: If you heat ice, it melts.
1.2. Câu điều kiện loại 1
Câu điều kiện loại 1 được sử dụng khi muốn nói đến một hành động, sự việc
nào đó có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc trong tương lai với một điều kiện nhất định.
Cấu trúc:
If + S + V (s/es), S + can/will/shall…… + V-inf
Ví dụ: If it rains heavily, I will stay at home for a whole day.
1.3 Câu điều kiện loại 2
Câu điều kiện loại 2 được dùng để diễn tả tình huống trái với thực tế, không thể
xảy ra ở hiện tại. Trong mệnh đề IF ở câu điều kiện loại 2, động từ tobe luôn
được chia thành “were”. Cấu trúc:
If + S + V2/ Ved, S + could/ would/ should…+ V-inf
Ví dụ: If I were you, I would help Linda with her homework.
1.4 Câu điều kiện loại 3
Câu điều kiện loại 3 diễn tả tình huống không có thật trong quá khứ, đưa ra một
giả thiết trái ngược với thực trạng ở quá khứ. Cấu trúc:
If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + could/ would… + have + V3/Ved
If I had known that it was Anna’s birthday, I would have bought her a present.
1.5 Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp
Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp diễn tả những sự việc trái ngược với thực tế trong quá
khứ và giả định kết quả nếu những việc đó thực sự xảy ra. Cấu trúc:
If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + V-inf…
Ví dụ: If Linh had done her homework last night, she wouldn’t be punished
today.
Viết lại câu dùng Unless
 Cấu trúc: Unless = If… not
 Cách làm bài: Thay “Unless” vào chỗ “If”, bỏ “not”, vế còn lại giữ
nguyên.
Ví dụ: If she doesn’t invite Jack to the party, I won’t help her prepare the food.
=> Unless she invites Jack to the party, I won’t help her prepare the food.
Viết lại câu từ cấu trúc có “without” sang “if”
 Cách làm bài: Sử dụng cấu trúc If… not
Ví dụ: Without your help, I couldn’t finish the project on time.
= If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t finish the project on time.
Viết lại câu đổi từ or, otherwise sang câu có if
 Cấu trúc có or, otherwise: Câu mệnh lệnh + or/ otherwise + S +
will…
  Cách làm bài: Bắt đầu bằng cụm “If you don’t…” (bỏ or hoặc
otherwise).
Ví dụ: Hurry up, otherwise you will be late for school.
=> If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late for school.
Viết lại câu từ cấu trúc “But for” sang “If”
 Cấu trúc “But for”: But for + noun phrase/V-ing, S + V…
 Cách làm bài: Thay “But for” bằng “If it weren’t for”, giữ
nguyên phần còn lại.
Ví dụ: But for Anna’s help, he couldn’t have done his math homework.
=> If it weren’t for Anna’s help, he couldn’t have done his math homework.
Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi
1. Jackson doesn’t live in Japan because he doesn’t know anyone there.
→ Jackson would
2. Lily doesn’t have any spare tickets. She can’t take me to the concert.
→ If Lyly
3. They don’t understand the problem. They won’t find any right solution.
→ If they
4. Jack drinks too much alcohol every day, that’s why his stomach is not good.
→ If Jack
5. Hana didn’t have breakfast, so she feels very hungry now.
→ If Hana
6. The weather won’t rain. We will go camping in the forest.
→ If the weather
7. Ran can’t lose weight because she doesn't exercise regularly.
→ If Ran
8. Jimmy didn’t answer the phone because he was studying.
→ If Jimmy
9. John is exhausted today because he didn’t sleep well last night.
→ If John
10. Sarah can’t park near her office, that’s why she doesn’t come by car.
→ If Sarah
11. I don’t know Lana’s email address, so I can’t send her the document.
→ If I
12. Karen is not tall enough to join the basketball team.
→ If Karen
13. Ronald doesn’t see the signal so he doesn’t stop the car.
→ If he
14. Peter gets bad marks today because he didn’t prepare his lessons well.
→ If Peter
15. Mary doesn’t save enough money. She can’t buy a new home.
→ If Mary
16. Go right now or you’ll be late for the bus.
→ If you
17. Karik doesn’t apply for the job because he doesn’t have an IELTS
certificate.
→ If
18. Hurry up, or we will be late for work.
→ If we
19. They don’t understand you because you don’t want to talk to them.
→ If you
20. Without your help, I couldn’t find her address so quickly.
→ If
21. Shut up, otherwise, you can’t follow what the teacher is saying.
→ If
22. But for the heavy rain, we would have a good picnic on Sunday.
→ If
23. Unless Nam apologizes to me, I won’t talk to him again.
→ If
24. Melly was sick, so she couldn’t take part in the contest.
→ If
25. Lam doesn’t like spicy food, that’s why he doesn’t eat any food at the party.
→ If
26. If it weren’t for the traffic jam, we would go to the meeting on time.
→ But for
27. If you didn’t help me, I couldn’t find my dog.
→ Without
28. If he doesn’t submit the project, he won't graduate.
→ Unless
29. If it weren’t for his sickness, he would come to help you.
→ But for
30. I won’t tell her the truth if you agree to help me with this job.
→ Unless
Viết lại các câu sau theo cấu trúc câu điều kiện
1. My mom cannot make dinner because she feels very tired today.
→
2. He was so aggressive in love, so he lost her.
→
3. Jane helps me finish the project, so I plan to invite her to a small party.
→
4. You cannot understand her because you don’t try to talk to her.
→
5. His brother is hospitalized for treatment because he drinks too much alcohol.
→
6. Kim doesn’t like K-pop, so she won’t spend money buying tickets for the
concert.
→
7. Jack becomes so arrogant because he has many fangirls.
→
8. My health improves quickly because I exercise every day.
→
9. I didn’t have dinner with my family, so I feel very hungry now.
→
10. David got fired because he was too lazy to work.
→
11. Stay away from this area or I’ll report the police.
→
12. You always complain about everyone’s mistakes, that’s why I am not happy
to work in a team with you.
→
13. Follow the instructions otherwise you will ruin the cake.
→
14. People will not go camping when it is heavily snowy.
→
15. I love music, that's why I organized this show.
→
16. Lisa doesn’t feel happy when that guy suddenly shows up at the party.
→
17. They will come to this party because you sent an invitation to them.
→
18. John doesn’t speak Chinese well, so he won’t have the opportunity to attend
a meeting with his Chinese partner.
→
19. His mother did not reveal the secret so soon, that’s why he wouldn’t know
it.
→
20. You shouldn't accept her invitation to the birthday party.
→
Choose the correct answer.
1. If the train is late, we ………………….. to the office.
A. walk B. will walk C. would walk D. walks
2. She …………………….. if she has time.
A. calls B. would call C. will call D. calling
3. If it ……………………… too much, I will buy the smaller one.
A. costs B. will cost C. would cost D. cost
4. If the class. ………………………. full, we will find another one.
A. are B. will be C. were D. is
5. What will we do if the taxi ………………………..?
A. don’t come B. didn’t come C. doesn’t come D. had not
come
6. If it snowed this summer, we …………………… skiing.
A. goes B. will go C. would go D. go
7. If you drove more carefully, you ………………….so many accidents.
A. would not have B. will not have C. wouldn’t have had D.
has
8. If he ……………………….. up earlier, he’d get to work on time.
A. gets B. will get C. got D. had got
9. I would tell you more about it if we ……………………………… more time.
A. has B. will have C. have D. had
10. If I ……………………..you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
A. am B. be C. were D. had been
11. If you ………………………… any money, I’d give you some.
A. hadn’t had B. haven’t had C. don’t have D. didn’t
have
12. You’d earn more money if you …………………. more products.
A. to sell B. sell C. sold D. will sell
13. If I ……………………. so busy yesterday, I would have visited you.
A. were not B. wasn’t C. aren’t D. hadn’t been
14. If you had seen the film, you …………………. it.
A. will enjoy B. would enjoy C. would have enjoyed D.
enjoyed
15. She would have gone to the university if she ……………… the opportunity.
A. has B. will have C. had had D. had
16. If he had been more careful, he ……………………….. an accident.
A. would not have had B. will not have C. does not have D. would not
have
17. If you’d stayed at home, there …………………………. any trouble.
A. would not be B. will not be C. is not D. would not have
been
18. What would you do if he………………………. tomorrow?
A. resigned B. will resign C. resigns D. to resign
19. I’ll do it if he ………………………….. me.
A. asking B. will ask C. asked D. asks
20. I wouldn’t have believed it if I………………… it with my own eyes.
A. not to see B. didn’t see C. don’t see D. hadn’t seen
Bài 2: Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc:
1. If I see him, I _____ (give ) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I _____ (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I _____ (visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you _____ (attend) class regularly.
5. If I _____ (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
6. If you _____ (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. If he worked more slowly, he _____ (not make) so many mistakes.
8. I shouldn’t drink that wine if I _____ (be) you.
9. If I _____ (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight.
10. A lot of people _____ (be) out of work if the factory closed down.
11. I (have) ………….. plenty of money now if I (not/spend) ………… so
much yesterday.
12. If someone (give) …………….you a boat, what you (do) …………… ?
13. If you...........(press) CTRL + S, you...........(save) the file.
14. The children...........(be) happy if he...........(teach) them English.
15. If she...........(buy) a new hard disk, she...........(not/ lose) all data.
Viết lại các câu sau sang dạng câu điều kiện thích hợp.
1. Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up. → If you don't keep silent, you will
wake the baby up.
2. Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.
→ If…………………………………….....….…….
3. I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up.
→If…………………………………….....….……..
4. I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you.
→ If …………………………………………….………..
5. We got lost because we didn’t have a map.
→ If …………………………………….……..…….……
6. Susan felt sick because she ate four cream cakes.
→……………………………………………..……
7. Without this treatment, the patient would have died.
→……………………………………….….…...
8. He lost his job because he was late every day.
→………………………………………………...……
9. Peter is fat because he eats so many chips.
→……………………………………………………...…..
10. Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes.
→………………………………..…..
Bài 4: Chọn đáp án đúng.
1. I would have visited you before if there _____ quite a lot of people in your
house.
A. hadn't B. hadn't been C. wouldn't be D. wasn't
2. If you had caught the bus, you _____ late for work.
A. wouldn't have been B. would have been C. wouldn’t be D. would be
3. If I _____, I would express my feelings.
A. were asked B. would ask C. had been asked D. asked
4. If _____ as I told her, she would have succeeded.
A. she has done B. she had done C. she does D. she did
5. Will you be angry if I _____ your pocket dictionary?
A. stole B. have stolen C. were to steal D. steal
6. You made a mistake by telling her a lie. It _____ better if you _____ to her.
A. would have been/ hadn't lied B. would be/ didn't lie
C. will be/ don't lie D. would be/ hadn't lied
7. John would be taking a great risk if he _____ his money in that business.
A. would invest B. invested C. had invested D. invests
8. She wouldn't have given them all that money if we _____ her to.
A. wouldn’t adviseB. won't advise C. hadn't advised D. didn't advise
9. If the tree hadn't been so high, he _____ it up to take his kite down.
A. could have climbed B. climb C. is climbing D. climbed
10. If the wall weren't so high, he _____ it up to take his ball down.
A. climbed B. could climb C. is climbing D. climb
11. If I _____ her phone number, I _____ her last night
A. had known/ could have phoned B. knew/ would have phoned
C. know/ can phone D. knew/ could phone
12. If he ______ the truth, the police wouldn’t arrest him.
A. tells B. told C. had told D. would tell
13. If you press that button what _____?
A. would happen B. would have happened
C. will happen D. happen
14. She says if she _____ that the traffic lights were red she _____.
A. had realized/ would stop B. realized/ could have stopped
C. has realized/ stopped D. had realized/ would have stopped
15. I am very thin. I think, if I _____ smoking, I might get fat.
A. stop B. had stopped C. will stop D. stopped
16. If I _____ that yesterday, I _____ them.
A. had discovered/ would inform C. had discovered/ would have informed
D. had discovered/ could inform C. discovered/ can inform
17. If you _______ to the course regularly, they ________ a certificate last year.
A. go/ gave B. go/ give
C. had gone/ would have given D. went/ would give
18. I think he is not at home. If he _____ in, he ______ the phone.
A. was/ answered B. were/ would answer
C. were/ would have answered D.had been/ would have answered
19. If I ______ in London now, I could visit British Museum.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. would be
20. If Columbus _______ money from Queen Isabella, he _______ across the
Atlantic.
A. do not receive/ could not sail
B. had not received/ might not have sailed
C. did not receive/ might not have sailed
D. would not receive/ might not sail
Bài 5: Chọn đáp án đúng A, B, C hoặc D
1. If I__________the same problem you had as a child, I might not have
succeed in life as well as you have.
A.have B. would have C. had had D. should have
2. ___________ more help, I would call my neighbor.
A. Needed B. Should I need C. I have needed D. I should need
3. If Jake __________ to go on the trip, would you have gone?
A.doesn’t agree B. didn’t agree C. hadn’t agreed D. wouldn’t agree
4. If someone _________ into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A.comes B. came C. come D. should come
5. If she __________ him, she would be very happy.
A.would meet B. will meet C. met D. should meet
6. If I had enough money, I ___________ abroad to improve my English.
A.will go B. would go C. went D. should have go to
7. If it _____________ convenient, let‟s go out for a drink tonight.
A. be B. is C. was D. were
8. The patient will not recover unless he_____________an operation.
A.had undergone B. would undergo C. undergoes D. was undergoing
9. Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?”
Mary: “If I had needed, I_____________you".
A. would call B. called C. would have called D. will call
10. “Here’s my phone number”.
“Thanks. I’ll give you a call if I_______________some help tomorrow”
A. will need B. need C. would need D. needed
Bài 6. Choose the correct answer.
1. We’ll have lunch outside in the garden, _____ it’s too cold.
A. if B. unless C. in case D. should
2.John _____ win more races if he trained harder.
A. would B. will C. would have D. shall
3. If the machine _______, press this button.
A. stop B. stops C. would stop D. stoped
4. The lecturer didn’t know what he was talking about, but if Dr Mason _____ I
would have listened carefully.
A. lectured B. was lecturing C. would lecture D. had been lecturing
5.I can’t understand what he sees in her! If anyone treated me like that, I
_________ extremely angry!
A. am B. would be C. will be D. was
6.If you _____ up all the orange juice that was in that carton, you ought to go
out and get some more.
A. drank B. drinking C. drunk D. drink
7.Rachel will be pleased _________ she passes her driving test.
A. should B. will C. if D. unless
8.I _____ you sooner had someone told me you were in hospital.
A. visited B. visit C. would have visited D. had visited
9.If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, _____ this
incident again.
A. I don’t mention B. I will never mention C. I never mention D. will
I never mention
10.You can use my car ___________ you drive carefully.
A. unless B. as long as C. as soon as D. when
11.If everyone _____ an extra hour a day, it would greatly increase production.
A. work B. works C. working D. worked
12.If energy _____ inexpensive and unlimited, many things in the world would
be different.
A. is B. were C. will be D. would be
13.Don’t bother to ring me _________ it’s important.
A. unless B. in case C. if D. as
14.If you help me with this exercise, I ________do the same for you one day.
A. will B. would C. was D. am
15.According to the timetable, if the train _______ on time, we _______ arrive
at 5.30.
A. leaves/ would B. left/ would C. leaves/ will D. was leaving/ would
16.If I could speak Spanish, I _____ next year studying in Mexico.
A. will spend B. had spent C. would spend D. would have spent
17.The bus won’t stop __________ you ring the bell.
A. if B. as soon as C. providing D. unless
18.You’d better take a coat ________ it gets cold.
A. if B. in case C. as long as D. while
19.If you _____ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess
right now.
A. listen B. will listen C. listened D. had listened
20.If it _____ fine tomorrow, we will go to the coast.
A. will be B. was C. is D. being
Bài 7: Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed to
make the sentence correct.
1. If someone cameinto the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
2. If you trythese cosmetics, you look five years younger.
3. If you do not understandwhat were written in the book, you could ask Mr.
Pike.
4. I will cometo meet Mr. Pike and tell him aboutyour problems if you didn’t
solve them yourself.
5. Sam will not graduate unless he doesn’t pass all the tests.
6. If there isn’tenough food, we couldn’t continue our journey.
7. Unless you pouroil on water, it will float.
8. You have totakea taxi home if you want to leave now.
9. If anyone will phone, tellthem I’ll be back at 11:00.
10. We can hire a minibusif there will be enough people.