This document describes a VSC transmission system with AC characteristics that uses a 6-pulse STATCOM example to provide up to 75 MW of power. It controls power flow by adjusting the phase angle difference between sending and receiving end voltages, and controls reactive power at the sending end. The document provides instructions on starting up the case study, describes the control modes used, and provides details on the control strategies and measurements at both the sending and receiving ends.
This document describes a VSC transmission system with AC characteristics that uses a 6-pulse STATCOM example to provide up to 75 MW of power. It controls power flow by adjusting the phase angle difference between sending and receiving end voltages, and controls reactive power at the sending end. The document provides instructions on starting up the case study, describes the control modes used, and provides details on the control strategies and measurements at both the sending and receiving ends.
This document describes a VSC transmission system with AC characteristics that uses a 6-pulse STATCOM example to provide up to 75 MW of power. It controls power flow by adjusting the phase angle difference between sending and receiving end voltages, and controls reactive power at the sending end. The document provides instructions on starting up the case study, describes the control modes used, and provides details on the control strategies and measurements at both the sending and receiving ends.
This document describes a VSC transmission system with AC characteristics that uses a 6-pulse STATCOM example to provide up to 75 MW of power. It controls power flow by adjusting the phase angle difference between sending and receiving end voltages, and controls reactive power at the sending end. The document provides instructions on starting up the case study, describes the control modes used, and provides details on the control strategies and measurements at both the sending and receiving ends.
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[Main] Main Page VSC TRANSMISSION WITH AC TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLE CASE: VSC Transmission with AC transmission characteristics based on a simple 6-pulse STATCOM example provides up to 75 MW power to the ac receiving end system, DC voltage - 110kV - Rectifier Controls power as a function of phase angle difference between sending end and receiving end AC voltages, Controls reactive power at the sending end bus. Note: Sending end AC voltage controlled by exciter of the generator. PWM with carrier frequency up to 33 times fundamental. - Inverter Controls AC voltage - magnitude and also DC voltage. Uses PWM with carrier frequency up to 33 times fundamental. CASE START-UP INSTRUCTIONS Run case to 2.0 seconds and take a SNAPSHOT at 2.0 seconds. - Generator operates as a voltage source at its terminals for the period 0 to 1 second during the start-up. After 1.0 second, the generator operates as a synchronus machine with its terminal voltage determined by its exciter. However, the rotor is locked until 2 seconds. - The Voltage Source Converters de-block at 0.2 seconds at each end simultaneously. - The 1L-G fault is applied at the ac system at receiving end at 2.1 seconds or 0.1 second after the SNAPSHOT is taken.
MODES OF CONTROL Because PWM is used, there are two modes of control which can be independently applied at each converter. The modes of control used in this model are as follows: 1. Ac voltage control at the sending end is achieved by the exciter of the 75 MVA synchronous generator. C Cable2
2. Power flow is achieved by controlling the phase angle of the ac side voltage of the sending end converter. 3. Reactive power generated by the sending end converter is held to a low value by adjusting the magnitude of the voltage on the ac side of the sending end converter. 4. The dc voltage is controlled by adjusting the phase angle of the ac side voltage of the receiving end converter. 5. The ac voltage magnitude at the receiving end ac bus is controlled by the magnitude of the voltage at the ac side of the receiving end converter.
Sending end (rectifier) dc voltage, current and power measurement.
Prec
pu 260 270
0.0 [H]
SE REACTIVE POWER CONTROLLER
0.5 [ohm]
PowerR
0.1 230
1 240
Ac reactive power control for the sending end. Signal "mr" modulates magnitude of PWM sin reference signal for sending end PWM control
TconstQ Qvsc 250
PgainQ
P-I controller gains
1 Rg1 P 300
Qvsc
290
SE ... Qrefse 1.5
G 1 310 + sT
mr 320 ModIndex(mr)
V VRec MI mr P Pdc 480
2 Rg2 3 Rg3 Controls 4 Rg4 5 Rg5 6 Rg6
-1.5
0.1 G 1 330 + sT
-2-
[RE] VSC TRANSMISSION WITH AC TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS Receiving End Subpage
<Untitled> RE Source Parameters REV REFr REPh
Cable2 C1 dcVltgI C2 Fault1 Icap
Timed Fault Logic
Control of the receiving end ac system Thevenin voltage source.
150
61
100
500.0 [uF]
IaInv
Measured ac volts "Vpul"at receiving end (in pu).
Vref
VpuI
the output of PI controller is the modulation index used in PWM for voltage magnitude control
IbInv IcInv
IcInv IbInv IaInv
Verr
Receiving end ac volts set point (pu)
PgainI TconstI
Ac ... Vref 1.5 0 0
Fault1
deg
Hz
Hz
5 2 g5
3 2 g3
1 2 g1
100
59
-100
115
60
ViPhA #2 #1 A V C->G 2 [uF]
Ph
F RL
Fault
2 2 g2
6 2 g6
4 2 g4
Fault
Timed Fault Logic
10 MVAR capacitor Mag (63) Ph (63) F = 60.0 [Hz] dc
Fault application timer, set at 2.1 seconds (on the assunption that the snapshot is at 2.0 second)
i2
FFT 1
RECEIVING END AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER
VInv(1)
RE Ac V PhA
Line (phase) currents of transformer low voltage (valve) side.
F D + -
P mi I ModIndex(mi)
VpuI
Measured ac power and reactive power at the receiving end system.
Vpu_I
VInv(1)
SrcPI
REVphA
PI param. - Inv PgainI TconstI
45 10
G 1 + sT G 1 + sT
PowerI
SrcQI
QpowerI
Parameters of PI controller for receiving end ac voltage control (their values are not optimal, find better ones).
1.25
0.1 1 g1 2 Vac VInv MI mi 4 Vdc dcVltgI Controls 5 g5 6 g4 3 g3 g2
Receiving end (inverter) dc voltage, current and power measurement.
G 1 + sT * [SE] DCCurrent G 1 + sT
dcVltgI
dcVoltage Inv PdcI dcCurrent Inv Pinv
g6
dcCur
dclineInv
-3-
[SECtrl] VSC TRANSMISSION WITH AC TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS Sending End Controls Subpage
OPEN LOOP POWER FLOW CONTROLLER
SEPh is sending end phase angle through delay to emulate transmission delay from receiving end. SE VALVE FIRING CONTROLLER Sin SEPh B -
Phase difference between sending and receiving ends.
A1
A2
REPh is receiving end phase angle via telecommunication from receiving end PLL Sin REPh [RECtrl] REph
This control causes the VSC Transmission to emulate the characteristics of an ac line by controlling power from the synthesized ac voltage phase angle difference measured between each end.
Phase Difference
B B2
B1
F Sin + 120.0 F + D
SE PWM Freq <PWM Setting>
5 4 3 2 1
This number defines the triangular wave carrier frequency, it is a multiplication of fundamental freqency,its value has to be dividable by three and an odd number.
C1
33 VRec VRec 1 2 3 0 0
User-defined component: This component represents a function MODULO, user has to specify the modulo factor which in this case limits the ramp function between 0 to 360 degrees.
+ F 120.0
Sin
C2
Triangular signal
PLL gain settings GpPLL GiPLL
100 1000
Va Vb Vc PLL theta Modulo * 360.0
1 2 3 4 5 6 TrgRon 1 2 3 4 5 6
PhDiff B * 0.00225 + D + + F
Synthesized phase angle in radians
Ao
Output power control signal "Shft" is used to phase shift the ac side volts of the sending end voltage sourced converter (in degrees).
PWM triangular carrier signal array at a frequency 33 times fundamental frequency for turning GTOs on. Pdc - Dc power into sending end cables multiplied by approximate short circuit impedance summed from ac systems at sending and receiving ends. When added to the measured phase difference, an approximated extended phase angle from which to generate ac line characteristics is derived.
* 0.135
D + + F
* 57.2958
Shft AngleOrder
DerivP
dF
DeltaA
75
500 -sT e GpPLL GiPLL SEPh
Aux ... PhaseShift
1
DA Freq Dep O1 Gain Control
PWM triangular carrier signal array at a frequency 33 times fundamental frequency for turning GTOs off.
Dam... Damping 1
rad -1
Phase Lock Loop proportional - integral gain constants.
Delay function added at the sending end measurement of ac voltage phase angle to match the telecom delay from the receiving end (10 ms) mr mr
TrgRoff
The synthesized phase angle across the transmission line is filtered, then phase advanced to cause ac system damping. Gain is automatically reduced if high frequency control oscillations are detected.
X1
GRed 0
0.15
Va VRec(1) Vb VRec(2) Vc VRec(3)
3 2 1 6 5 4
PLL thetaY Six 6 Pulse
Shift: (in-sh) in sh
Sin
Multip 6 6
RefRon
blocking of rectifier for first 0.2 s
Timer deblk Rg1
Sin
Multip 6 6
Rg3
Shft
RefRoff
"Shft" is the phase angle order in degrees derived from the open loop power controller. It is the angle by which the voltage across the sending end transformer is phase shifted in order to control power flow.
1 2 3 4 5 6
PWM sinusoidal reference signal arrays at fundamental frequency whose magnitude is controlled by signal "mr" and whose phase is controlled by signal "Shft" mr
30.0
Dblck (1) RefRon 6 H (2) ON TrgRon L (3) 6 RefRoff 6 H (4) OFF TrgRoff L (5) 6 (6)
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6
Firing pulse generator for sending end converter: - firing pulses are generated using comparison of reference signals to triangular signals - two sets of signals (reference and triangular ones) are needed, one set for turning on and the second one (a negation of the first set of signals) for turning off - two signals are being sent to each switch, the first one tells to turn on or off, the second one determines an exact moment of switching and is used by interpolation procedure which allows for exact switching between time steps
-4-
Rg6
Rg5
Rg4
Rg2
[RECtrl] VSC TRANSMISSION WITH AC TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS Receiving End Controls Subpage
Receiving end ac voltage phase angle as determined by the phase locked loop - telecommunicated to the sending end with a 10ms transmission delay.
User-defined component: This component represents a function MODULO, user has to specify the modulo factor which in this case limits the ramp function between 0 to 360 degrees. -sT e REPh REph 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 TrgIoff TrgIon
PWM triangular carrier signal array at a frequency 33 times or less of fundamental frequency for turning GTOs on.
This number defines the triangular wave carrier frequency, it is a multiplication of fundamental freqency,its value has to be dividable by three and an odd number. It is adjusted by the dial selector located at the sending end controls. VInv Vinv 1 2 Va Vb Vc
Triangular signal generators
PWM triangular carrier signal array at a frequency 33 times or less of fundamental frequency for turning GTOs off.
Pllerr
G 1 + sT
PLL error Shift: (in-sh) sh 6
Phase locked loop error signal
mi Sin 6 Array 6 6
mi
PLL gain settings GpPLL GiPLL
100 1000
PLL thetaY Six 6 Pulse D + + F
in
Multip 6
3 2 1 6 5 4
Shfti
30.0
Vsina
1 2 3 4 5 6 6
PWM sinusoidal reference signal arrays at fundamental frequency whose magnitude is controlled by signal "mi" and whose phase is controlled by signal "Shfti"
75
500
GpPLL
GiPLL
Array
Multip
mi
DC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER Measured dc volts "dcVltgl" and dc voltage set point at receiving end (in kV). Firing pulse generator for receiving end converter: - firing pulses are generated using comparison of reference signals to triangular signals - two sets of signals (reference and triangular ones) are needed, one set for turning on and the second one (a negation of the first set of signals) for turning off - two signals are being sent to each switch, the first one tells to turn on or off, the second one determines an exact moment of switching and is used by interpolation procedure which allows for exact switching between time steps. D + + F Shfti AngleVdc
dcVltgI
dcVltgI
F * G 1 + sT
D + 118.0 Dc Volts Set Point
blocking of inverter for first 0.2 s
Firing pulses can be plotted.
DC ... DcGain 10
BlkI
1 sT TIME
BlkI
Dblck (1) -10
g1 g1 g2 g2 g3 g3 g4 g4 g5 g5 g6 g6
RefIoff
The phase shift for the receiving end pulses requires a 30 degree phase shift to compensate for the star-delta transformer.
Sin
RefIon
g1 g2 g3 g4 g5 g6
RefIon TrgIon RefIoff TrgIoff
2.5
The gain of the dc controls is readily adjustable by the "DcGain" slider. The control is active when converters are deblocked. The control acts to adjust the phase of the ac side of the receiving end converter. When dc volts are too high, the phase angle is adjusted to push power into the receiving end ac system. If more power is thus extracted from the dc system than is ordered by the sending end power controller, the cable and capacitors will discharge, and dc volts will lower.
H (2) ON L (3) H (4) OFF L (5) (6)
6 6
-5-
[Damping]
Z5_Z4
B + + F B + e-sT D + + F
D * 0.5
B + + F B + D + D F B + B + + D + F + D e-sT -sT e e-sT + F D e-sT D + + F * 0.5 dF
