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tk

Capital of Indian States

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• Located on river Jhelum

• Srinagar – Summer capital, Jammu –Winter capital
Srinagar/Jammu
• Famous for Woolen cloths, silk cloths, carpets & handicrafts

• Located on Dhauladhar range

Shimla • Capital of Himachal Pradesh
• Was India’s summer capital at the time of Britishers
• Central Potato research institute is located at kufri near Shimla

• Located in Tarai regions of Himalaya

• Capital of Punjab, Haryana & a union territory itself
• Known as Planned city
Chandigarh
• Famous for Rock Garden
• HQ of Central Scientific instruments organization

• Capital of Uttarakhand
• Famous for Forest research institute
Dehradun
• Famous for Rajaji national park

Jaipur • Known as Pink city, it is the capital of Rajasthan, famous for its palaces
• Also Famous for Marbles and cutting & polishing of precious stones
• NH – 8 joins it with Delhi, Ahmedabad & Mumbai

• Located on the banks of Sabarmati

Gandhinagar • Famous for Akshardham Mandir & Institute of Plasma research

Lucknow • Located on banks of Gomati

• known as city of Nawabs
• Famous for its embroidery work & Chicken cloths

• Located on banks of Ganaga

• Capital of Bihar
Patna
• Ancient name : Patliputra

• Located on the bank of Subarnrekha river in chhotanagpur plateau

Ranchi • Famous for Tribal Research Institute, Center of forest Productivity

• Located on bank of Hooghly

Kolkata • Capital of West Bengal

• Capital of Chhattisgarh
• Famous for its diamond deposits
Raipur
• Udyanti wildlife sanctuary lies here

Bhubaneshwar • Capital of orissa

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• Famous Temples à Konark Sun Temple & Lingaraja Temple

• Capital of Telangana
• Located on banks of river Musi
Hyderabad • Also known as Information Technology or IT city
• Famous for Charminar & Salarjang Museum

• Capital of Maharashtra, Known as Gateway of India

• Also called as financial capital of India
Mumbai
• Has 2nd largest film industry in the world after Hollywood

• Capital of Tamil Nadu

Chennai • Famous for 1st cement producing unit

• Capital of Goa
• Located on the banks of river Mandovi
Panaji
• National institute of oceanography located here

Banglore • Capital of Karnataka

• known as silicon valley & India’s electronic city

Thiruvanthpuram • Capital of Kerala

• Famous for cultivation of coconuts & fishing

Gangtok • Capital of Sikkim & an important Buddhist cultural center

• Kanchenjangha National Park
• Institute of technology of orchidarium

Itanagar Capital of Arunachal Pradesh

Dispur Capital of Assam
• Capital of Meghalaya
• Located at khasi & Jaintia hills
Shillong
• Also known as Scotland of the east

• Capital of Nagaland, located at Naga hills

Kohima • Graveyard of British soldiers died during 2nd world war

Imphal Capital of Manipur

• Capital of Tripura
Agartala • Located on Bangladesh Border

• located at Mizo hills, known for its Lushai culture

Aizawl • Dampa wildlife sanctuary

Silvasa • Capital of Dadar & Nagar Haveli

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• Got its name from portuguese word Selva which means forests

Puducherry Famous for Orvile Ashram established by Aurobindo Ghosh

Port Blair • Capital of A & N, situated in Bay of Bengal
• Famous Tourist spot is its Cellular jail

• Capital of Lakshadweep
• Located in Arabian sea
Kavaratti
• Surrounded by coral rocks

India can be divided into following physical divisions viz.

• The Northern Mountains
• The North Indian Plain
• The Peninsular Plateau
• Great Indian Desert
• The coastal Regions
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• Islands

The Northern Mountains / Himalayan Mountains

• Young and structurally fold mountains stretch over thenorthern borders of India
• Run in a west-east direction fromthe Indus to the Brahmaputra formed by the tectonic collision of the
Indian plateau with the Eurasian plateau
• Loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world
• form an arc, which covers a distance of about 2,400 Km in length with varying width from 400 Km in
Kashmir to 160 Km Arunachal Pradesh
• The altitudinal variations are greater in the eastern part than in the western

The Trans Himalayas

• Himalayan Ranges immediately to the north of the The Great Himalayan Range are called the Trans
Himalayas.
• Most of the part of this Himalayan range lies in the Tibet and hence also called Tibetan Himalaya
• The Zaskar, K2 (Godwin austin), the Ladakh, the Kailash and the Karakoram are the main ranges of the
trans Himalayan system

Greater or Inner Himalayas / Himadri

• Most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres
• Contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks with core of this part of Himalayas is composed of granite
• Perennially snow bound, and a number of glaciers descend from this range
• Prominent Ranges include Mt. Everest, Kamet, Kanchenjunga, Nanga Parbat, Annapurna
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The Lesser Himalaya or Himachal

• Altitude varies between 3,700 to 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km
• While the Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the Dhaula Dhar & the
Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones
• Consists of the famous valley of Kashmir and the Kangra & Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh
(Majority of hill stations lies in this range)

The Shiwaliks
• The altitude varies between 900 to 1100 km and the width varies between 10 to 50 km
• The longitudinal valleys lying between the Himachal and Shiwaliks are called ‘Dun’ for ex.
DehraDun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun

Eastern hills and mountains

• The Brahmaputra marks the eastern border of the Himalayas. Beyond the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas
bend sharply towards south and form the Eastern hills or Purvanchal.
• These hills run through the north eastern states of India & are mostly composed of sandstones for ex.
Patkai Hills, Naga Hills, Manipuri Hills and Mizo Hills
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Coastal Plains India

• Spread from Kactch to Daman in south famous
for large scale production of salt
• Tapti River, Narmada River, Sabarmati
Kathiawar coastal Plains River and Mahi River deposit huge load of
sediments in the Gulf of Cambay & form
estuaries

Spread from Daman in the north to Goa in the south (a

Konkan Coastal Plains
submerged plain)
Kannada Coastal Plains Between Goa to Cannanore
Kanyakumari Coast Between Cannanore to Cape Camorin
• Kannada Coast + Kanyakumari Coast
• From Goa in the north to Kanyakumari in the
south
• An area which receives one of the highest
Malabar coastal Plain
rainfall in monsoon season
• Marked with Lagoons (Ashtamudi &
Vembanad) called Kayals
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• Spread from deltaic plains of Ganga to

Mahanadi delta
Utkal coastal Plain
• Famous chilka lake is located in this plain

• Spread from southern limit of Utkal plains to

Pulicat lake
Andhra coastal Plain • Contains deltas of Godavari & Krishna Rivers,
& famous Kolleru lake

• Utkal Coast + Andhra Coast

Northern Circars • Between Mahanadi & Krishna

• Spread from Northern chennai (Pulicat lake) to

Kanyakumari in the south
Coromandel coastal Plain • Contains deltaic plains of Kaveri & called as
Pride of south India

Gujarat Plains → The plain area between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea from the gulf of Kuchchh
and Gulf of Khambat located on either side of Kathiawar Peninsula is called Gujarat Plains.
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Peninsular Plateaus India

• A part of Peninsular Deccan Plateau, made of
Shillong Plateau Garo, Khasi & Jaintia Hills & homeground of
Shillong city
• World’s highest rainfall receiving point
Mawsynram is situated here

• Covers NE part of Peninsular plateau including

Chhotanagpur Plateau Jharkhand, parts of Chhattisgarh & WB, with
highest Peak Parasnath
• Famous as Patland plateau & known as ruhr of
India due to large mineral deposits

• Located on north of Narmada rift valley & part

of central Highland made up of granite &
gneiss
Malwa Plateau
• A dissected lava plateau covered with black
soil, famous for production of cotton
• Northern part of this plateau has been
transformed into Badland by river chambal &
its tributeries

Deccan Plateau • Lies to the south of Tapi river, Deccan plateau

is majorly a lava region made up of basalt,
whose erosion has led to the formation of black
soil
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• Largest plateau of Indian peninsula, famous for

the cultivation of cotton

• A part of deccan plateau, located on north of

Telangana Plateau
river krishna
• Lies in the rain shadow region of south west
monsoon, have mainly dry thorn forests

• Located on the south of deccan lava region,

Karnataka Plateau Built of Malnad region in west (Western Ghats)
& Raichur Maidan in east.
• Bababudan hills (Famous for iron ores) are
located in this plateau

• Spreads along the borders of UP & MP

• Has been transformed into ravines by extensive
Bundelkhand Plateau erosional activities of river Chambal & its
tributeries

• Spreading in parts of Chhatisgarh & Odisha,

Dandakaranya Plateau contains igneous & metamorphic rocks of
Archaen period
• River Indravati & Mahandi flows through this
plateau & is largely inhabited by Gond tribes
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Major Rivers in India

Indus River System
• Ancient name → Sindhu
• Origin → Bokharchu Glacier, Near Mansarovar
• In Tibet, Called Singi Khamban / Lion’s mouth
• Enters In India through Ladakh, flows only in J &K
ndus • Enters Pak through hair pin bend of Nanga Parbat
• Finally Discharges in Arabian Sea
• Flows approx. ( 709 / 2880 ) Km in India
• India uses 20 % of its water by Indo Pak water treaty of 1960

• Originates from Rimo Glacier

• Known as river of death
Shyok • flows through Ladakh in India
• A tributary of the Indus River

• Ancient name → Vitasta

• Origin → Verinag Spring (Kashmir)
• Tributary of Chenab, flows only in J &K
Jhelum
• Flows Northward to Wular Lake
• Cut through gorge in Pir- Panjal range to reach Muzzafarabad (POK)

Chenab • Ancient name → Akshani / Iskmati

• Origin → Bara Lacha Pass (Himachal)
• Known as chandra-bhaga in Himachal
• Chandra River → Water flowing south
from the pass
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• Bhaga River → Water Flowing north

from the pass
• Flows Northward & parallel to Pir –
Panjal Range for some distance
• Cut through gorge in Pir – Panjal & Turns
southward
• Largest tributary of Indus, Flows through
Himachal & J & K
• Famous Projects → Duhasti, Baglihar &
Salal hydroelectric project

• Ancient name → Purushni

• Origin → Kullu hills near Rohtang Pass
(Himachal)
• Tributary of Chenab
• Smallest of 5 rivers
Ravi • Flows through Indo – Pak boundary
• Flows northward b/w Pir – Panjal &
Dhauladhar Ranges
• Cut a gorge through Dhauladhar range &
flows southward

• Ancient name → Vipasha

• Origin → Beas kund near Rohtang Pass,
Himachal
• Tributary of Satluj
• Only river flowing entirely in India
Beas
• Runs southward, Cut a deep gorge in
Dhauladhar & turns west to meet Satluj
near Harike (Punjab)
• Famous Project → Pong Dam

• Ancient name → Shatadru

• Origin → Rakas lake, Tibet, near
Mansarovar
• Enter Himachal at Shipki La Pass
• Collects water from Ravi, Chenab,
Sutluj Jhelum & Beas to join Indus near
Mithalkot (Pak)
• Famous Projects → Naptha Jhakri
Project & Bhakra Nagal Dam with
Govind Sagar Reservoir

Ganga River System

• Origin → As Bhagirathi from Gangotri Glacier (Uttarkashi – Uttarakhand)
• Alakananda unites with Bhagirathi at Devprayag, Uttarakhand → Henceforth known as Ganga
• Passing through Rishikesh, it debounches in plains of Haridwar
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• From Haridwar, it flows Southward to reach Allahabad where it joins Yamuna

• Near Rajmahal Hills, it turns southeast & bifurcate at Farraka into Hoogly (Kolkata) & Padma (BD)

• At Bangladesh, Ganga merges with Brahmputra (Known as Jamuna in Bangladesh) at

Goalundo Ghats
• Mixture is known as Padma River

• Then it merges with Meghna & finally falls in Bay of Bengal

• Meghna → Known as Barack river in India

• Major tributaries → Yamuna, Gomti, Ghaghara, Gandak, Kosi, Son, Tons & Punpun

• Origin → Bharchachungar Glacier (Rakas lake)

near Mansarovar
• Joins Ganga at Chhapra

• Known as Manchu or Karnali in

Ghaghara Nepal
• Known as Saryu or Ghaghra in UP

• Perennial river
• Major tributaries → Sarda & Rakti

Gandak • Origin → Sino – Nepal Boundary (Dhaulagiri

range)
• Known as Kalyani in Nepal
• Major River of Nepal
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• Joins Ganga at Sonpur, Bihar

• Origin → Gosainath peak (Tibet)

• Merges with river Ganga at Bhagalpur (Bihar)
• Consists of 7 streams & known as Saptakoshi in
Nepal
Kosi
• Main stream → Arun, Tamur & Sun Koshi
• Formerly Known as Sorrow of Bihar
• Major Projects → Kusha Dam

• Origin → Amarkantak Plateau (Near north of

origin of Narmada)
Son • Flows through Kaimur Range to meet Ganga at
Patna

• Originates from Gomat Taal / Fulhaar jheel –

Pilibhit
Gomti
• A tributary of Ganga

• Origin → Yamunotri Glacier (Uttarkashi –

Uttarakhand)
• Largest Tributary of Ganga
• After cutting deep gorge across Shivalik, it
enters into plains near Tajewala
Yamuna
• Flows southward up to Agra & then turns
southeast to meet Ganga at Allahabad
• Famous tributaries → Chambal, Sind, Betwa
& Ken

• Major Tributaries → Tributary of Yamuna,

rises from Vindhya range, MP
Betwa • Major Projects → Matatila dam & Rajghat
dam

• Rises from Kaimur hills in Satna (Madhya

Pradesh), a tributary of Yamuna
Ken
• Famous for its Shajar stone & Raneh waterfalls

• Origin → Vindhya Range (Mhow, MP)

• Passes through Kota & Dhaulpur (Rajasthan)
• Merge with Yamuna at Etawah (UP)
• forms boundary between Rajasthan & MP
Chambal • Major tributaries → Kali Sindh, Parvati &
Banas
• Main Power Projects → Gandhisagar, Rana
Pratap Sagar & Jawahar Sagar

Banas • Originate from eastern slopes of Aravali

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• Tributary of Chambal

• Origin → Eastern part of Chhota Nagpur Plateu

• Meets Hoogli at Falta
Damodar • Power Projects → Talaiya, Maithan, Barakar
& Panchet

Brahmaputra River System

• Origin → Chemayungdung Glacier (Kailash Range, Tibet)

• In Tibet, known as TSANG – PO

• In China, known as YARLUNG ZANBO

• Forms grand canyon in Tibet

• Turns southward near Namcha – Barwa
• Enters Arunachal Pradesh as Dihang River at Sadiya, emerging from the mountains
• Joined by Dibang river from the north & Lohit river from the south → Known as Brahamputra
• Turns at Dhubri to enter into Bangladesh
• After joining Teesta, known as Jamuna in BD
• Joins Ganga & Megna → Merges to BOB

• Forms many river island of which Majuli is world 2nd largest one

• Major tributaries → Dihang, Lohit, Subansiri, Teesta, Meghna (Barack in Assam), Manas
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• Major tributary of Brahmaputra

• Rises from Sikkim
Teesta
• Known as lifeline of Sikkim

• Tributary of Brahmaputra
• Flows through Arunachal Pradesh
• Along with river Dihang merges into
Lohit
Brahmaputra, at Sadia town (Arunachal
Pradesh)

Peninsular Rivers India – Flowing East to West

• Desertic river, also known as the Sagarmati
• Rises from the western slopes of the Aravalli
Range near Ajmer
• Ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in
Luni Gujarat
• Inspite of high salinity, it is a major river in
region
• Serves as a primary source of irrigation

• Rises from Dhebar lake in Aravalli Range of

the Udaipur (Rajasthan)
Sabarmati • Flow Route: Udaipur → Gulf of Khambat →
Arabian Sea via Estuary

• Rises from Vindhya range (MP)

• flows through MP, Rajasthan & Gujrat & drains
in Gulf of Cambay
Mahi
• Famous Projects → Banswara Dam & Kadana
dam
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• Origin → Amarkantak, Shahdol, MP

• Also known as Rewa River
• Flows through rift valley of Vindhya & Satpura
• Flow Route: MP → Bharuch (Gujrat) → Gulf
of Khambat (Gujrat) → Arabian Sea via
Estuary

• Longest among all east to west

Narmada flowing rivers
• Known as Life line of MP
• Forms Duandhar falls at Jabalpur
• Only tributary → Hiran River
• Aliabet → Largest Island in Estuary

• Famous projects →Sardar Sarovar Dam,

Maheshwar Dam, Indira Gandhi Sagar Dam
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• Rises in the Satpura Range of Betul (MP)

Tawa • Narmada’s longest tributary

• Origin → Mahadev hills, Satpura range, Betul

district, MP
• Flow Route: MP → Maharashtra → Gulf of
Khambat or Cambay → Arabian Sea via
Tapi
Estuary
• Famous projects → Kakrapar Dam & Ukai
Dam

• Rises from Western Ghats in Kerala

• Flows towards west & drains in Arabian Sea via
Periyar
an estuary

Peninsular Rivers India – Flowing West to East

• Origin → Dandakaranya Hills, Raipur
• Flow Route: Chhattisgarh → Orissa → EGs →
Mahanadi BOB
• Famous Project : Hirakund Dam

• Origin → Triambakeshwar Plateau, Nashik,

WGs
• Largest Peninsular River
• Known as Dakshina / Vriddha Ganga
• Flow Route: Nashik → Andhra Pradesh →
Godavari BOB
• Famous Tributaries → Penganga, Sabri,
Wardha & Indravati
• Famous Projects → Poochampad,
Jayakwadi, Polavaram

• Rises from Ajanta hills (Maharashtra)

• a tributary of River Wardha which finally
Penganga
merges into Godavari
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• Origin → Mahabaleshwar, Maharashtra, WGs

• Flow Route: Maharashtra → Andhra Pradesh
→ BOB
Krishna
• Famous Projects → Koyna, Tugrabhdra,
Srisailam & Nagarjuna Sagar Dam

• a major tributary of Krishna

Tungabhadra • Rises from Western Ghats

• Rises from Balaghat range (Maharashtra)

Bhima • Tributary of Krishna

• Origin → Brahamgiri hills, Karnataka, WGs

• Flow Route: Karnataka → Kaveripatnam (TN)
→BOB
• Perrenial River
Kaveri
• Forms Shivasundaram Waterfalls
• Famous projects → Krishnaraja sagar &
Mettur

• Rises from Karnataka

• Flows b/w Krishna & Kaveri
Penner
• Drains into BOB
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• Rises from Palni hills (TN)

• A seasonal river flows through TN
Vaigai
• Drains in Gulf of Mannar

Major Lakes in India

Lakes in India – Part 1
• kashmir – India’s largest freshwater lake
• Formed by tectonic forces
Wular Lake • Forms Delta with river Jhelum
• Tulbul project

• kashmir – freshwater lake

• Srinagar is located along its coast
Dal Lake
• Contains Char Chinar & Nami islands

• Jammu – katra highway – freshwater lake

Mansar Lake • Natural lake used mainly for fishing

Naini Lake Uttarakhand – freshwater lake

Sambhar Lake • Rajasthan – most saline lake of India
• Listed in Ramsar as a wetland of international
importance
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Pushkar Lake Ajmer (Rajasthan), a freshwater lake

Panchprada Lake Badmer (rajasthan), a saline lake
• Rajasthan – Largest artificial lake of India
• Also known as Jaisamand Lake
Dhebar Lake
• Built in 17th century, a freshwater lake

• Rajsamad (Rajasthan) –freshwater lake

• Created in 17th centuary by damming the water
Rajsamad Lake of Gomti, Kelva & Tali rivers
• Home of two islands

• A bowl shape lake, located in Mt. Abu

(Rajasthan)
Nakki Lake
• Probably volcanic

• Saline water lake located in Gujrat

Nal Sarovar Lake • largest bird century of Gujrat

• Fresh water lake located in Maghalaya, famous

for its Biodiversity
Nokrek Lake
• Nokrek National Park & Biosphere reserve
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• Manipur – Largest fresh water lake located in

NE India
Loktak Lake
• Floating island – Phundis

Lakes in India – Part 2

• A highly polluted lake surrounded by city of
Bhopal
Bhoj Wetland
• Consists of 2 lakes viz. upper lake & lower lake

• Biggest artificial lake of Ahmedabad

• Built by Sultan Ahmed shah, whose name
Kankaria
accounts for the name of the city Ahmedabad

Lonar Crater lake, located at Maharashtra

• Saline water lagoon located at Orissa
Chilka • Siberian bird migrate here in winters

• Artificial lake of Hyderabad, by creating a dam

on river Musi
Usman Sagar
• Created by Nizam Usman Khan in 1920
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• Fresh water lake, Situated b/w deltas of

Godavari & Krishna
Kolleru Lake
• A bird sanctuary & a wetland under Ramsar list

• Salt water lagoon located at the coast of Andhra

Pradesh
Pulicat Lake
• Separated from the sea by Sriharikota island

• A rainfed reservoir, located at Thanjavur in

Chennai
Sholavaram • Due to scanty rainfall for last few years, lake
looks like a pond

Vembanad Kerala, a lagoon, famous for boat comptetion

Astamudi Kerala, a lagoon, under Ramsar convention

Lakes in India – Part 3

• Laddakh, b/w India & China (Tibet)
Pangong Lake • Nearby Chnagla Pass

• Largest high altitude lake, located at Ladakh

Tsomoriri Lake • Tourists are not allowed boating in this lake

• A high altitude lake, located at Lahaul & Spiti

districts of Himachal nearby Kunzam Pass
• Chandra river, a major tributary of Chenab
Chandra Tal
originated from Chandra Tal
• Declared as a wetland under Ramsar covention
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• Located below Baralacha pass at Lahaul &

Spiti districts of Himachal
Suraj Tal • Remains frozen during the greater part of the
year

• Mystry lake of uttarakhand

• Also known as Skeleton lake
Roop Kund • 672 Skeletons has been found in this shallow
lake

Sukhna Lake Chandigarh

Quiet & calm group of 7 pristine lakes in lower
Sat Tal
Himalayan range situated near Bhimtal in Uttarakhand

Bays, Gulf & Sea – India

• Separate Katchh & Kathiawar Peninsula
• Max. potential for tidal energy
Gulf of Katchh
• Famous ports : Kandla, Mundra, Okha, Salaya

• Forms mouth of various rivers, namely,

Gulf of Khambat Narmada, Tapi, Mahi, Sabarmati

Gulf of Mannar • Separates India & Srilanka, Located at south

east of Tamil Nadu
• Asia’s 1st oceanic biodiversity protection region
& a biosphere reserve
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• Famous port Tuticorin lies along its coast

• Its environment is likely to be hampered by
Setusamundram project

• b/w India & Srilanka, & home to proposed

Palk Bay Setusamundram project

• b/w India & Srilanka, Palk strait has coral

formation
Palk Strait • Setusamundram project to connect Palk strait
with Gulf of mannar

Adam’s Bridge/ Rama’s Bridge/ Rama Setu

• a chain of limestone shoals, between Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island
• Lies off the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and Mannar Island, off the northwestern coast
of Sri Lanka
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Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project

• Would link Palk Bay & Gulf of Mannar b/w Tamilnadu & Sri Lanka
• By creating a shipping channel through the shallow sea called Sethusamudram via Ram Sethu.
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Famous Seas / Oceans of India

Bay of Bengal
• Bay of Bengal is bordered to the north by a wide continental shelf that narrows to the south and by
slopes of varying gradient on the northwest, north, and northeast.
• Bay of Bengal has a distinct tropical marine ecosystem, and copious river drainage into the northern part
of the bay and the profusion of wetlands, marshes, and mangroves increase productivity of nearshore
fish species.
• Petroleum and natural-gas discoveries have been made in the Bay of Bengal, notably offshore of the
Godavari and Manandi deltas.
• The principal trade routes for large tankers en route from the Persian Gulf to the Strait of Malacca pass
south of the Bay of Bengal.
• Haldia, Vishakhapatnam, and Paradeep are well developed as iron ore terminals, reflecting India’s
profitable exportation of raw materials.

Bay of Bengal Major Branches

• Chandipur & Gopalpur in Orissa
• Marina in Chennai
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Arabian Sea
• The Arabian Sea is a region of the Indian Ocean bounded on on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the
south by northeastern Somalia, on the east by India and on the west by the Arabian Peninsula.
• The countries with coastlines on the Arabian Sea are Somalia, Djibouti, Yemen, Oman, Iran, Pakistan,
India and the Maldives.
• The Arabian Sea has two important branches — the Gulf of Aden in the southwest, connecting with the
Red Sea through the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb; and the Gulf of Oman to the northwest, connecting with
the Persian Gulf.
• There are also the gulfs of Cambay and Kutch on the Indian coast.
• The Indus and the Narmada rivers are the principal waterways draining into the sea.

Arabian Sea Major Branches

• Mandavi, Dwarka & Chorwad in Gujrat
• Dahanu & Murad in Maharashtra
• Arambol & Karwar in Karnataka
• Kollam & Kovalam in Kerala
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Indian Ocean
• Strategic significance→ India overlooks some of the most important sea lanes viz. Suez Canal, Malacca
Strait
• Economic significance→ Long coastline, 2.02 million sq km EEZ (Exclusive economic zone)
• Tourism Significance→ Marine biodiversity and rich ecosystem with coral reefs, mangroves
• Large Fishing potential, Wave energy & Tidal energy potential, Zone of Hydrocarbons
• Generation of south west Monsoon

Major Waterfalls in India

Located near Dehradun, Formed by liquidification of

Sahastradhara Falls
limestone rocks
Elephanta Falls Located at shillong (Meghalaya), since it looks like the
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face of elephant, it was named as elephanta water fall

by the britishers
Chuliya Falls Kota on River Chambal
• Located at jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) on river
Narmada
Dhuandhar Falls • An example of nick point & represents
rejuvanation

Located at the confluence of the Damodar & Bhairavi

Rajrappa Falls
(locally called Bhera) rivers – Ramgarh (Jharkhand)
• On river Suvarnrekha at Ranchi (Jharkhand)
Hundru Falls • Represents nick point & rejuvanation

At Shimlipal National Park of Mayurbhanj district of

Joranda Falls
Orissa
• On river Machkund, nearby Koraput district
(Orissa)
Duduma Falls
• Also known as Matsya Tirth

• Located in Amarkantak district of MP

• Lies at a distance of 6 km from the Narmada
Kund
• Cascade gets its name from the famous sage
Kapildhara Falls
Kapil, who had written ‘Sankhya Philosophy’
an advance treatise on mathematics in the Kapil
ashram
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Yenna fall Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra

Dudhsagar fall On Mondovi river in Goa
A horseshoe shaped waterfall, located at Belgaum
Gokak fall
district of Karnataka on river Gokak
Mekedaatu fall At river Kaveri in Bangaluru (Karnataka)
• At river Sharavati at Maharashtra
Jog fall (Gersoppa) • On Karnataka border (Highest in India)

Shivasamundram fall On river Kaveri at Bangalore

Hogenakal fall On river kaveri at Taminlanu
Pykara fall On river Pykara on Nilgiri hills at Ooty
At Palani national park on river Pazhayar in
Vattaparai fall
Kanyakumari (Tamil Nadu)
Soochipara fall A 3 tiered waterfall in Wayanand district of Kerala
Meenmutty fall • Meenmutty literally means “where fishes are
blocked” in Malyalam
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• Located in Kerala

Vazhachal fall Located on Chalakkudy river in Kerala

Multipurpose Projects in India

Multi-Purpose Projects River Place

Salal Project Chenab J&K

Dulhasti Project Chenab J&K
Nathpa Jhakri Project Sutlej HP
Sutlej
Bhakhra Nangal HP → Serves Punjab & Haryana
Reservoir → Govind Sagar

Tehri Dam Project Bhagirathi & Bhilangana Uttarakhand

Kosi Dam Project Kosi Nepal → Serves India & Nepal
Damodar Valley Damodar West Bengal, Bihar & Jharkhand
Farakka Project Bhagirathi-Hoogly WB
Mayurakshi →tributary of Hughli
Mayurakshi Project WB
rises from CNP
Barakar → Part of Damodar valley
Tilaiya Project Jharkhand
project
Chambal – Dams : Gandhi sagar
(MP), Rana Pratap sagar Rajasthan → Serves MP &
Chambal Project
(Rawatbhata, Kota) & Jawahar Rajasthan
sagar(Kota)
Mahi (also known as Jamnalal bajaj
Mahi Project Banswara, Rajasthan
sagar project)
Rihand River → tributary of Son
River
Rihand (Goving Ballabh Pant
Pipri , Uttar Pradesh
Sagar) Reservoir → Govind Ballabh Pant
Sagar

Rajghat Dam Project Betwa river JV b/w MP & UP Gov.

Tawa Project Tawa → a tributary of Narmada MP
Ukai Project Tapi Gujrat
Kakrapara Project Tapi Gujrat
Hirakud Dam Project Mahanadi Orissa
Machkund River – a tributary of
Machkund Project Orissa & Andhra pradesh
Godavari river
Godavari (also known as Sri Rama
Poochampad Project lifeline of Telangana
Sagar Project)
Polavaram Project Godavari AP
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Nagarjuna Sagar Project Krishna Andhra Pradesh &Telangana

Koyna , a tributary of the Krishna
Koyna Project Maharashra
River
Srisailam krishna Andhra Pradesh
Tungabhadra River – a tributary of
Tungabhadra Project Karnataka – Serves AP & Karnataka
the Krishna River
Sharavati Project Sharavati – westward flowing river Karnataka
Krishna Raja Sagar Project Kaveri Karnataka
Kaveri (Electricity to Kolar
Shivasamundram Project Karnataka
goldmines)
Mettur Project Kaveri TN
Idukki Project Periyar & Cheruthony Kerala
Umiam Project Umiam Shillong (Meghalaya)

Damodar Valley Project

• 1st multipurpose river valley project of independent India based on Tennessy project of USA
• Consist of following sub projects viz.

• Maithon Dam
• Panchet Dam
• Tilaiya Dam
• Kangsabati Dam
• Konar Dam
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Beas Project
• a joint venture of the gov. of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan.
• It consists of two units: (i) Beas-Sutlej Link and (ii) Beas Dam at Pong.

• Beas-Sutlej Link → for diverting some water of river Beas into Satluj through two tunnels
and an open channel to generate power and to increase the storage capacity of Bhakra
reservoir (Gobindsagar)
• The Pong Dam, also known as the Beas Dam, on the Beas River in Himachal Pradesh,
India.

Rajasthan (Indira Gandhi) Canal Project

• Starts from the Harike Barrage at Sultanpur, a few kilometers below the confluence of
the Sutlej and Beas rivers in Punjab state
• An irrigation project to provide irrigation to semi-arid and arid areas of Rajasthan

Narmada Valley Project

• Also known as Indirasagar Dam multipurpose project
• Downstream projects are Omkareshwar, Maheshwar and Sardar Sarovar Project
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River Interlinking Program India

The National Water Development Agency has already identified 14 links under the Himalayan Component and
16 under the one for Peninsular Rivers with priority to top 5 projects viz.
• Ken-Betwa
• Parbati-Kalisindh -Chambal
• Damanganga-Pinjal
• Par-Tapi-Narmada
• Godavari (Polavaram)-Krishna (Vijayawada)

The Himalayan Interlinking Rivers – 14

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The Peninsular Interlinking Rivers – 16

Objectives of River Interlinking Project

• To diminish water scarcity in western and peninsular India
• To help in irrigation and storage as a large part of Indian agriculture is rainfall dependent
• To mitigate droughts and floods
• To reduce diversity between the water surplus and water scarce parts of India
• Will create employment
• Will help in socio – economic development of people
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Mountain Ranges in India

• A sub range of the Hindu Kush Himalayan

Range
• K2, the second highest peak in the world is
located here
• Famous Glaciers : Siachen Glacier, Biafo
Glacier
Karakoram Range
• Karakoram range span the borders
between Pakistan, India and China
• Located in the regions of Gilgit –
Baltistan (Pakistan), Ladakh (India),
and Xinjiang region (China)

• Southeastern extension of the Karakoram

Range
• From the mouth of the Shyok River in Ladakh
to the border with Tibet
Ladakh Range
• Extension of the Ladakh Range into China is
known as Kailash Range
• Lies here India’s cold desert named as ‘ LEH

Zaskar Range • Boundary line between Ladakh region of

Kashmir & remaining two regions of the state
i.e. Jammu region and Vale of Kashmir
• Highest peak Kamet (UK)
• Lies here Coldest place in India, Dras (The
Gateway to Ladakh)
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• Famous Passes : Shipki, Lipu Lekh (Lipulieke),

and Mana Pass

• Separates Jammu Hills to the south from the

Vale of Kashmir(Kashmir Valley), beyond
which lie the Great Himalayas
• Highest Point : Indrasan, 2nd Highest : Deo
Pirpanjal Range Tibba
• Has India’s longest rail tunnel known as Pir
Panjal Railway Tunnel, Banihal road tunnel
• Famous Passes : Pir Panjal Pass, Banihal Pass,
Rohtang pass

• Spread in J & K and Himachal, with home to

major hill stations like Kullu, Manali & Shimla
Dhauladhar Range (White Range) • Highest peak : Hanuman ji Ka Tiba, or ‘White
Mountain‘

• Southernmost & outer Himalayas also known

as Manak Parbat in ancient times, literally
means ‘tresses of Shiva’
• About 2,400 km long from Indus till
Shivalik Range Brahmaputra, with a gap of about 90
kilometres between
the Teesta and Raidak rivers in Assam known
as sub Himalayas.
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• Means ‘line of peaks’, runs across Gujarat,

Rajasthan, Haryana & Delhi, known as Mewar
hills
Aravali Range • Highest Peak : Gurushikhar, Mt abu
• Famous passes : Pipli Ghat, Haldi Ghat
• Locally known as Mewar hills

Maikal Range Eastern part of the Satpuras range (MP)

Eastern portion of the Vindhya Range in MP, UP &
Kaimur Range
Bihar, Parallel to river son
• forms the central part of the Satpura Range,
located in MP
Mahadeo Range
• Highest peak : Dhoopgarh

Maharashtra, south of river Tapi, sheltering caves of

Ajanta Range
world famous paintings of Gupta period
• In Jharkhand made up of lava basaltic rocks
Rajmahal Hills • Point of Ganges bifurcation

Garo Khasi Jaintia Hills Continuous mountain range in Meghalaya

• a group of hills located to the south of the
Kaziranga National Park (Assam)
Mikir Hills
• a part of the Karbi Anglong Plateau

• Hills of Arunachal Pradesh , near the border

with China, bordered by Mishmi and Miri Hills
Abor Hills • drained by Dibang River, a tributary of
the Brahmaputra

• in Arunachal pradesh with its northern &

eastern parts touching China
Mishmi Hills • Situated at the junction of Northeastern
Himalaya and Indo-Burma ranges

• Also known as Purvanchal Range, consist of

three major hills The Patkai-Bum, the Garo-
Khasi-Jaintia and Lushai Hills
Patkai Range
• situated on India’s north-eastern border with
Burma

part of the Patkai range in Mizoram and partially in

Mizo Hills (Lushai Hills)
Tripura
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• a complex, discontinuous chain of

mountain ridges, hill ranges, highlands &
plateaus running through Madhya
Vindhya Range
Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
• Highest peak – Sadbhawna Shikhar

• a range of hills in central India

• Passes through Madhya Pradesh,
Satpura Range Gujrat, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh
• Highest peak : Dhupgarh

• Located in Jamshedpur
• famous for Dalma national park & minerals
Dalma Hills
like iron ore & manganese

Girnar Hills Gujrat

Baba Budan Giri Karnataka
• At Pune, acts as a water divide bw Godavari &
Krishna
Harishchandra
• Hills made up of lava

Bw MP & Maharashtra, famous for manganese

Balaghat range
deposits
Chilpi series MP
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Talcher series Odisha, rich in bituminous coal

Karnataka, Dharawar period, rich in gold (contains
Champion series
kolar mines)
• Referred as Blue mountains, a range of
mountains in the westernmost part of Tamil
Nadu at the junction of Karnataka and Kerala
• Hills are separated from the Karnataka plateau
Nilgiri Hills
to the north by the Moyar River and from
the Anaimalai Hills & Palni Hills to the south
by the Palghat Gap

• Eastward extension of the Western

Ghats ranges
Palani Hills • adjoin the high Anamalai range on the west,
and extend east into the plains of Tamil Nadu

• Also known as Elephant Hill

• a range of mountains in the Western
Anamalai Hills Ghats in Tamil Nadu and Kerala with highest
peak Anamudi

Part of the southern Western Ghats located in

Cardmom Hills
southeast Kerala and southwest Tamil Nadu
• also known as the Pachais
Pachamalai Hills • Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu
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Major Mountain Peaks in India

Also known as K3 & Falchan Kangri, in Karakoram
Broad Peak
range
Godwin Austen Also known as K2, Highest of Karakoram range
Gasher Brum Karakoram range
• J&K
• Indus river skirts this range before it debouches
Nanga Parbat
into the plains of Pakistan

Saltoro Kangri J & K, Karakoram Range

Nun Kun Highest of Zaskar Range (J&K) – Indian side
• Uttarakhand
• Famous for Holy temple of Badrinath (Lord
Badrinath
Vishnu)

Nanda Devi Uttarakhand, 2nd highest mountain in India and the

highest entirely within the country
Kanchenjunga • Nepal and Sikkim (B/w Teesta river in east &
Tamur river in west)
• Highest mountain in India & 3rd
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highest mountain in the world

Nokrek Highest point of the Garo Hills (Meghalaya)

Saramati Highest of Naga Hills
Blue Peak Also known as Phawngpui, highest of Mizo hills
Mt. Abu, Rajasthan, highest point of the Aravalli
Gurushikhar
Range
Gorakhnath Highest peak of the Girnar mountain, Gujrat
Highest point of Satpura Range, Located in Pachmarhi,
Dhupgarh
Madhya Pradesh (Highest of MP also)

• known as Shikharji means venerable peak +

Sammet Shikhar means peak of concentration
• a place where 20/24 Tirthankaras attained
mokṣa through meditative concentration
Parasnath • Parasnath is derived from Pārśva, the 23rd
Tirthankara who attained nirvana at the site
• Highest peak of chhota nagpur plateau, Located
in Jharkhand, is a Jain pilgrimage site

• Highest mountain peak of Orissa

Mahendragiri • 2nd highest of Eastern Ghats, next only to
Jindhagada Peak, Andhra Pradesh
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Malayagiri Orissa
Nimgiri 2nd highest mountain in Orissa
Kalsubai Highest peak in Maharashtra
Mahabaleshwar a hill station at Maharashtra
Brahmagiri On the border of Karnataka, Origin of river Kaveri

Kundremukh Located on Karnataka, literally means Horse Face

• Highest point in Tamil Nadu ,
near Udhagamandalam (Nilgiri Hills)
Doddabetta • second highest peak in the Western Ghats only
next to Anamudi

Located in Kerala, It is the highest peak in Western

Anaimudi
Ghats and in South India
also called as Ashambu Hills, lie at the extreme
Agasthyamalai southern end of Western Ghats, straddle both sides
in Kerala and in Tamil Nadu
highest point of the archipelago in the Bay of Bengal,
Saddle Peak
located in Andaman
• 3rd highest peak in the Andaman and Nicobar
archipelago only next to
• Saddle peak (Highest of Andaman)
Mount Hariet
• Mount Thullier (Highest of Nicobar)
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Mountain Passes in India

J&K
Aghil Pass Ladakh – China Karakoram
Burzil Pass Kashmir –Giligit Karakoram
Karakoram Pass Ladakh – China Karakoram
Jojila Pass Srinagar- Leh (J&K) Zaskar
Pensi La Ladhak Kashmir Gateway to Zaskar
Banihal Pass J&K Famous for Jawahar Tunnel

Himachal Pradesh
Baralacha Pass Ladakh – Himachal Pradesh
Rohtang Pass Himachal Pradesh
Shipki La India-Tibet border
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Uttarakhand
Mana Pass India-Tibet border (Also known as Dungri La)
Niti Pass India-Tibet border
Lipulekh Pass India-Tibet border

Sikkim
Nathu La Pass India – Tibet
Jelep La Pass India – Tibet

Arunachal Pradesh
Bomdila Pass India – Tibet
Bum La Pass India – Tibet
Tunga Pass India – Tibet
Dihang Pass India – Tibet
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Assam
Diphu Pass Tri-point of the borders of India, China, and Burma

Ghats in India
Goram Ghat Aravali range, Rajasthan
Madhya Pradesh, connects Narmada & Tapi valleys,
Asirgarh Pass
also known as Key to Deccan
Maharashtra – Connects Mumbai to Kolkata via rail
Thal Ghat
route
Maharashtra – Connects Mumbai to Chennai via rail
Bhor Ghat
route
Pal Ghat Kerala – Connects Chennai to Cochin via rail route

National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries in India

Name Place Famous for
Blue sheep, Snow leopard, Musk
Great Himalayan National Park Himachal Pradesh
Deer
Rajaji National Park Uttarakhand Elephants, Tigers
Valley of flowers National Park Uttarakhand Snow Leopard, Flora
Corbett National Park Uttarakhand Tigers
Dudhwa tiger Reserve Uttar Pradesh Tigers
Sariska National Park Rajashthan Tigers
Keoladeo National Park or
Rajasthan Birds & Deers
(Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary)
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Name Place Famous for

Ranthambore National Park Rajashthan Tigers
Manas National Park Assam Tigers, Elephants
Kaziranga National Park Assam One-Horned Rhinoceroses
Only floating park in the world,
Keibul Lamjao National Park Manipur Famous for Sangai or Dancing
Deers
Sundarbans National Park West Bengal Tigers
Gorumara West Bengal
Chilka Lake Bird Sanctuary Orissa -
Bandhavgarh National Park Madhya Pradesh Tigers
Kanha National Park Madhya Pradesh Tigers
Pench National Park Madhya Pradesh Tigers
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Name Place Famous for

Gir National Park Gujrat Asiatic Lions
Bandipur National Park Karnataka Tiger
Nagarhole National Park Karnataka Tigers & Elephants
Parambikulam Tiger Reserve Kerala Tiger
Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary Kerala Tiger
Periyar National Park Kerala Tigers & Elephants
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Name Place Famous for

Dachigam National Park J&K Hangul/Kashmiri Stag
Nanda Devi National Park Uttarakhand -
Kanchenjunga National Park Sikkim Musk Deer, Snow Leopard
Mouling National Park Arunachal Pradesh Red Panda
Namdapha National Park Arunachal Pradesh Red Giant Flying Squirrel
Nameri National Park Assam Elephants
Balpakhram National Park Meghalaya Elephants, Golden cat
Desert National Park Rajasthan -
Marine National Park Gulf of Kutch -
Madhav National Park Madhya Pradesh -
Chandra Prabha National Park Uttar Pradesh -
Wild Ass Wildlife Sanctuary Rann of Kutchh Wild Ass
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Panna National Park Madhya Pradesh Tiger

bison, elephant, tiger, leopard, axis-
Betla National Park Jharkhand
axis
Palamu National Park Jharkhand Tiger
Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary Jharkhand Elephants
Simlipal National Park Odisha Tiger
Melghat Tiger Reserve Maharashtra Tiger
Indravati National Park Chhattisgarh Tiger & wild Buffalo
NagarJuna National Park Andhra Pradesh Tiger
Dr. Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary Goa -
Banerghatta National Park Karnataka Tiger
Silent Valley National Park Kerala -

Important Glaciers in India

Batura Glacier J & K – Karakoram range
Khurdopin Glacier J & K – Karakoram range
Hispar Glacier J & K – Karakoram range
Biafo Glacier J & K – Karakoram range
Baltoro Glacier J & K – Karakoram range
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Chogolungma glacier J&K – Karakoram range

Diamir Glacier J&K – Karakoram range
• LOC between India & POK
Siachin Glacier • Close to China border – Karakoram Range

Gangotri Glacier Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand

• located in Trishul peak of Pithoragarh
of Uttarakhand
Milam Glacier
• Source of Goriganga

Pindari glacier Nanda devi, Uttarakhand

• Largest glacier in the Eastern Himalaya
Zemu Glacier • Located on Kanchenjunga peak, Sikkim
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Islands in India
• Total 247 islands in India → 204 islands in Bay of Bengal and 43 in the Arabian Sea
• Few coral islands in the Gulf of Mannar also
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands in Bay of Bengal consist of hard volcanic rocks
• The middle Andaman and Nicobar Islands are the largest islands of India
• Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea are formed by corals
• The southern – most point of India is in Nicobar Island, known as Indira Point
• Formerly Indira point was called Pigmalion Point, it is submerged now, after 2004 Tsunami

Andaman & Nicobar Islands Lakshadweep Islands

• a union of coral islands, entirely different from
• Volcanic islands representing submarine
A & N islands
volcanism
• comprises of large number of dead corals,
• Represent the surfaces of submerged folds viz.
fringing, barrier and atoll coral reefs
extension of Himalaya, precisely Arakan yoma
• Have calcium rich soils filled with organic
fold mountains of Myanmar
limestone
• Formed of Granite rocks & have high hills &l
• Have scattered vegetation of palm species
peaks for ex. Saddle peak
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• Equatorial climate with tropical rain-forests

Famous Islands in India

Continuation of Arakan Yoma mountain range of
A & N Islands
Myanmar
Nicobar Islands Just 147 km from Sumatra island (Indonesia)
Largest riverrine island of the world, located on
Mazuli Island
Brahamaputra in Assam
On Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta region & a disputed
New Moore Island
site b/w India & Bangladesh
Sagar Island W.B – on the continental shelf of Bay of Bengal
Wheeler Island Odisha, Integrated Missile Test Range facility
On coast of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh
Hope Island
— Houses Satish Dhawan Space Centre
Sriharikota Island Andhra Pradesh – Satellite launch center
Narcondam Island Extinct Volcano island – Andaman Sea
Barren Island Dormant Volcano island – Andaman Sea
Katchatheevu Island forcibly given to Srilanka by India in 1974
Salasette Island Group of 7 islands, known as Mumbai today
Wellington Island Naval Station → Kerala
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Adam’s Bridge/ Rama’s Bridge/ Rama Setu

• a chain of limestone shoals, between Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island
• Lies off the southeastern coast of Tamil Nadu, India, and Mannar Island, off the northwestern coast
of Sri Lanka

Ports in India
• Natural harbor & biggest port of India
(Gateway of India)
Mumbai
• Handles approx. 1/5th of India’s foreign trade

Nava Seva Jawalar Lal Port (Highly Mechanized Port) , Mumbai

Chennai Oldest artificial harbor on east coast & 2nd largest port
in terms of volume of traffic
Ennore 1st corporate port (To release pressure on Chennai port)
Tuticorin (TN) On Eastern coast of India
Tidal Port (To release pressure on Mumbai port,
Kandla
developed after partition of India), Gujrat
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Inland Waterways in India

Major Inland Waterways by Inland waterways authority of India
(IWAI)

Allahabad-Haldia stretch of Ganga-Bhagirathi-

Inland Waterway 1
Hooghly river system
Sadiya-Dhubri stretch of the Brahmaputra River
Inland Waterway 2
(Assam)
Kottapuram-Kollam stretch of the West Coast Canal,
Inland Waterway 3
Champakara Canal and Udyogmandal Canal (Kerala)
Kakinada-Pondicherry along Godavari and Krishna
Inland Waterway 4
River system
Inland Waterway 5 Talcher – Paradip (Odisha)
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Lakhipur to Bhanga on the River Barak (Assam –

Inland Waterway 6
Proposed)
Indian Waterways → 1 % of total transport

Lengthwise → 1 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 3

Inland Waterway 1 → Allahabad-Haldia stretch of Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system

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Inland Waterway 2 → Sadiya-Dhubri stretch of the Brahmaputra River (Assam)

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Inland Waterway 3 → Kottapuram-Kollam stretch of the West Coast Canal, Champakara Canal and
Udyogmandal Canal (Kerala)
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Inland Waterway 4 → Kakinada-Pondicherry along Godavari and Krishna River system

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Inland Waterway 5 → Talcher – Paradip (Odisha)

Nuclear Reactors in India

Plant Location State
Narora Atomic Power Station Narora Uttar Pradesh
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Rawatbhata Rajasthan
Tarapur Atomic Power Station Tarapur Maharashtra
Jaitapur Atomic Power Station Jaitapur Maharashtra
Kakrapara Atomic Power Station Kakrapar Gujarat
Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant Kudankulam Tamilnadu
Madras Atomic Power Station Kalpakkam Tamilnadu
Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant Kaiga Karnataka
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