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 T h e D ro o p

P o w e r

F re q u e n c y
f

d e lta f / 5 0 x 1 0 0 ( % )
D ro o p (% ) =
d e lta P / P n o m

E x a m p le : P n o m = 6 0 0 M W ( n o m in a l p o w e r )
d e lta f = - 0 , 1 H e r t z ( f r e q u e n c y v a r ia tio n )
d e lta P = + 3 0 M W ( p o w e r v a r ia tio n )
D r o o p = 4 %
Power 1- The network is consumming
(real
setpoint)
the operator setpoint

Power 2- The network consumes more than

(real the operator setpoint. The frequency
Operator setpoint) falls, until the sum of real
setpoint
real setpoints equals the
setpoint consumption.
operator P
setpoint

Frequency
50 Hz
f
Frequency
2- continuation...: 50 Hz
2.1- The avantage of frequency participation is that is allows to react in delay of a fraction
of second, to any consumption variation: that is impossible for a operator and can only be
achieved by an automatism.
2.2- The avantage of a pure proportionnal regulation is that each power plant
takes part for adapting its production to consumption variations. If not... and because,
all power plant has a different rapidity to answer, the most go-ahead would be the first
to answer, while for the slowest... time that they realise the need for action... all the work
would have been made by the first. And by such an inequitable way, ones should be very
tired (it implies wearing, additional maintenance and maintenance shutdowns), while
others working smoothly would limit their maintenance cost and increase their expectation
of life.

3- Change of operator setpoint: Power

3.1- The disadvantage of a pure (real
proportional regulation is that the setpoint)
resulting frequency can become very New
different from the one contractually operator
due by the network at its customers. setpoint
To avoid it, the operator setpoint has Old
to be modified. It implies to react in a operator
half hour delay (this can be managed setpoint
by the dispatching operators)

Power
(real Frequency
setpoint) 50 Hz

New P
operator
setpoint 4- Practically Droop is is like a set a parallel
straight lines.

The main caracteristic of droop:

f the slope of these straight lines

Frequency
50 Hz
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f
Droop (%) = nominal × 100 %
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Pnominal

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Droop (%) f nominal

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With a BIG droop With a SMALL droop
Power Power

Power Power
set-point Forbidden set-point Forbidden
given given
by the by the
operator operator
Forbidden

Forbidden
Frequency Frequency
minimum minimum
frequency Nominal maximum frequency Nominal maximum
allowed frequency frequency allowed frequency frequency

(50 Hz or 60 Hz) allowed (50 Hz or 60 Hz) allowed
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 P o w e r p la n t b e h a v io u r ,
c o n n e c te d o n a n in fin ite n e tw o r k ,
w h ile fr e q u e n c y v a r ia tio n
C a s e n ° 1 : P o w e r p la n t o p e r a tin g o n lo a d c o n tr o l m o d e

P o w e r

F re q u e n c y

tim e

C a s e n ° 2 : P o w e r p la n t o p e r a tin g o n g r id fr e q u e n c y c o n tr o l m o d e

P o w e r

F re q u e n c y

tim e

C a s e n ° 3 : P o w e r p la n t o p e r a tin g o n L IM IT E D g r id fr e q u e n c y c o n tr o l m o d e

M a x i
P o w e r
M in i
F re q u e n c y

tim e