CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the Study
Sexual promiscuity is defined as the act of indulging or having sexual relations with a
number of unrelated people. According to Wehmeier (2000), sexual promiscuity is defined as
having several sexual partners. Sexual promiscuity, according to Misi (2008) is defined as
the use of one's body for remuneration or recompense in any way. Prostitution is a term that
has been used to describe it. This is the kind of service that women who want to earn money
or who want to attain a certain level of wealth give (Osoba, 1995, cited in Duru & Okafor,
2010). Promiscuity, on the other hand, is not just a female attribute; it is also practiced by
men. According to researchers such as Misi (2008), many females, especially students at
higher education institutions, indulge in promiscuity and it is plausible to conclude that the
activity has become more lucrative with the arrival of new media, since promiscuity can now
be done online. Because of the status of new media, some promiscuous people are even
publicising their promiscuity on social media. In reality, sexual promiscuity is quite
widespread nowadays (Olugbile, Abu & Adelakun, 2008). Furthermore, hardened
promiscuous persons use social media to enhance their face-to-face promiscuity by
aggressively bringing their trade right to their consumers for maximum exposure to "clients"
who would patronise them.
According to Uzokwe (2008), one of the causes of promiscuity is parents' inability to
perform their responsibilities. Morals, dignity and character used to be highly valued in
Nigerian families. Parents take advantage of their children's formative years to instill these
beliefs in them. There were injunctions and sometimes rejections of fundamental necessities
for conduct that tarnished the family name. When a member of the family participates in
vices like promiscuity, thievery and the like, the family's reputation might be ruined. No one
wants their family to be blacklisted or blackmailed, thus parents paid great attention to their
children’s moral and social well-being, sometimes interfering when bad conduct was seen.
Many acts that used to annoy people are no longer accepted as compared to prior
generations. The inverse seems to be true (Duru & Okafor, 2010). According to Olugbile,
Abu & Adelakun (2008), peer influence is prevalent since everyone wants to be like others
and ends up prostituting. The bad girls who accept prostitution gradually corrupt the more
traditional females. They turn to prostitution to make ends meet because they are in a bad
financial situation and can't afford to pay their bills. Politicians and government officials,
according to Misi (2008), are not immune to the issue of sexual promiscuity. When these

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politicians and government officials come to town on official business, he claims, the pimps
recruit young university girls for their pleasure and entertainment, after which they give them
significant sums of ill-gotten money
(Olubgogega, 2008). Because women adore wealth, some of them will go to any length to fit
in, even participating in promiscuity. Sexually transmitted illnesses such as gonorrhoea,
syphilis, Candida, herpes virginalis and most significantly, HIV/AIDS are frighteningly
widespread among sexually active teenagers, according to Janice (2008). These young ladies
utilise substances such as cocaine, marijuana and alcohol, endangering their health. They are
also often under the influence of "psychotropic chemicals," which make them fearless and
brazen.
In a similar line, Gultmacher (1988), as referenced by Duru & Okafor (2010) argues that
being promiscuous and, therefore, being infested by a high number of infected customers or
acquaintances causes the majority of instances of infertility. Most female and male infertility,
he said, can be traced back to husbands or wives who patronise sex hawkers and carry
illnesses and sexually transmitted diseases home with them. Infertility may lead to divorce,
which can lead to the abandoned woman turning to prostitution as a means of surviving,
creating a vicious cycle. Physical abrasions and bruises may also lead to a decline in health.
Furthermore, the majority of the females who participate in this activity are abused
physically by their "purchasers," who may be under the influence of heavy narcotics (Janice,
2008). As a result, the purpose of this study is to look at the role of social media in
promoting promiscuity among tertiary institution students, as well as the causes,
repercussions and possible remedies.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
A lot of academics have looked at the issue of prostitution among Nigerians and the rest of
the globe. For instance, Brown, Keller & Stern (2009) investigated on sex, sexuality, sexting
and sexed: adolescents and the media; Rweyemamu & Fuglesang (2010) investigated sexual
promiscuity among female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Imo State: An issue for
healthy living and Duru & Okaform (2010) investigated sexual promiscuity among female
undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Imo State. Furthermore, Young & Rice (2010)
conducted research in Dares Salaam, Tanzania, on "online social networking technologies,
HIV knowledge and sexual risk and testing behaviour among homeless youth." While the
majority of researchers have looked at promiscuity, the bulk of them have focused on the
female gender and promiscuity among adolescents, youth and students at higher education
institutions. As a consequence, there is a gap in the research on social media and promiscuity
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among tertiary institution students, requiring the need for this investigation. This is the gap
this study fills.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of this study were to:
1. Find out the extent to which social media is used in the indulging of promiscuity
among tertiary institution students.
2. Find out the causes of sexual promiscuity on social media among tertiary institution
students.
3. Find out the consequences of sexual promiscuity on social media among tertiary
institution students.
1.4 Research Questions
This study answered the following questions:
I. Do students of Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, see social media as a viable avenue for
promiscuity?
II. To what extent do students of Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta use social
media for sexual promiscuity?
III. Do MAPOLY students referred social media as platforms to be used in order for their
sexual promiscuity?

1.5 Scope of the Study

The study was restricted to Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta because the students of
Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta are the ones that protested for their voices to be
heard and address the issues at hand.
The study will be based on the impact of social media in mobilizing students of Moshood
Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta for protests. The study will cover the students of Moshood
Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta.

1.6 Significance of the Study

This study will enhance the knowledge of students of tertiary institution especially Moshood
Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta.
Also, this study will rest on proffering solutions to problem of students protests in higher
institutions.

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To the end, this study will be of great benefit to researcher, governments, scholars and
students in all field of studies.

1.7 Definitions of Terms

Social Media: Are computer – mediated technologies that facilities the creation and sharing
of information, ideas, career interest and other forms of expression via virtual communities
and networks.
Kaphan and Haenlien define social media as a group of internet-based applications that builds
on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2. 0 and that allow the creation and
exchange of user generated content.

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 CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 CONCEPT OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Social media refer to computer-mediated interactive tools that enable individuals to
exchange information and ideas as well as vocations, interests and other forms of expression
via virtual communities and networks. According to Fotis, Buhalis & Rossides (2011),
social media is about enabling people to express and share their ideas, thoughts and
viewpoints with others via various media. Also important is enabling individuals to
communicate with one another, as they have done for thousands of years, without being
judged. Essentially, social media has done three things: (a) removed the spatial and time
constraints that were associated with traditional modes of communication; (b) provided
online tools that enabled one-to-many sharing of multimedia content; and (c) used simple
interfaces that allowed even non-specialists to share and connect with one another. As
Constantinides & Fountain (2008) point out, the terms "social media" and "Web 2.0" are
interchangeable& the words may be used interchangeably. The social media term was used
by Xiang & Gretzel (2010) to refer to internet-based applications that feature consumer-
generated content, which includes consumer-generated media impressions that are kept or
shared online so that other impressionable consumers may easily access them. Social
network is a social structure made up of individuals or organisations called “nodes,” which
are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship,
kinship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships or relationships
of beliefs, knowledge or prestige (Asemah & Edegoh, 2012; Asemah, Okpanachi & Edegoh,
2013).
According to Wehmeier (2000), sexual promiscuity is defined as having several sexual
partners at the same time. Sexual promiscuity is also defined as the use of one's body for
remuneration or recompense in any capacity (Misi, 2008). It is also referred to as
prostitution in certain circles. Female entrepreneurs that are looking to generate money or to
achieve a certain level of financial success supply this kind of service to customers (Osoba,
1995, cited in Duru & Okafor, 2010). It is referred to as sexual promiscuity when a person
mates with several partners in a short period of time. Individuals who are promiscuous may
or may not build long-term social relationships with one or many partners, depending on
their personality type and circumstances. Promiscuity is characterised differently in various
cultures and the prevalence of promiscuity varies from one society to the next. Various
genders and distinct civil laws are often exposed to a variety of different criteria. Female

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abolitionists have long argued that there is a significant gap between how men and women
are assessed for promiscuity. Some male stereotypes have been more diversified than others,
with some signifying approval, such as "the stud" or "the player," and others implying social
deviance, such as "the womaniser" or "the philanderer," among others. According to a
scientific study conducted in 2005, both promiscuous males and promiscuous women are
subjected to harsh judgement. Serious sexual promiscuity is also defined as the engagement
in sexual activities with several partners, which may lead to the transmission of HIV/AIDS
and other sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, syphilis, candidiasis, herpes) among
partners (Leclerc-Madlala, 2013).
Peers have a great deal of influence on people's actions because they spend so much of their
time with one another,. According to Stevens & Cloete (2009), peer influence fosters
comradeship, increases knowledge and information about sex practices and reduces the
emotional bond between a child and his or her parents in order for the child to follow peer
group influence. According to Bezuidenhout et al (2009), when peers are strongly attached
to one another, they tend to spend long periods of time together, exchange extensive patterns
of behavior and as a result, their association may lead to sexual promiscuity, particularly in
adolescent females who lack internal locus of control (2008). According to a study on parent
marital quality and the parent-adolescent link, teenage and youth sexual engagement is
associated with a greater likelihood of engaging in potentially harmful sexual behaviours
(Hair, Moore, Hadley, Kaye, Day & Orthner, 2009). Inadequate parenting skills are a
precipitating element in high-risk sexual conduct, which is likely to be disruptive to the
individual as well as the larger society. When both parents work or live in a female-headed
family, sexual experimentation and engagement at a young age, peer pressure against
retaining virginity for both sexes and unemployment are all variables that lead to teenage
pregnancy among black metropolitan youth, according to Pitso (2013).
Beyond the aforementioned factors, it is crucial to note that children may desire to help their
mothers in the informal economy so that they may earn money and as a consequence, girls
may accept sexual advances from adult males who have money to spare. Furthermore, it is
possible that this is a component that leads to sexual promiscuity (Okafor & Duru, 2010).
Young people do not make plans for sexual encounters and as a consequence of social
pressure, they get pregnant on a regular basis. Teens and young adults are often frightened to
tell their parents about their sexual prowess and feel they are invincible as a result of a lack
of awareness about sexuality (Macleod, 2001; Gautam, 2012). They turn to do abortion
when they learn they may be pregnant and are unsure of the identity of the child's father.
6
Abortion becomes the only choice for settling family strife when this occurs. Every month in
South Africa, over 1000 abortions are done, the vast majority of which are performed on
adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18. It has also been reported that 50 abortions are
done on average every day in clinics in the Eastern Cape, with many of them being
performed on children as young as 12 years old, some of whom had been sexually abused
(Kheswa & Takashana, 2014). According to a study conducted in Tanzania on abortion,
around 33.3 percent of young females who had their pregnancies terminated were pregnant
by men in their 40s or older (Mkumbo, 2008). In the aftermath of rape, the vast majority of
adolescent females suffer from sexually transmitted infections (e.g. foul-smelling yellowish
pus from the vagina), hymen rupture and abrasion of the vaginal walls as a result of rough
penetration, all of which increase the likelihood of infertility in the future (Banwari, 2011).
Since their bodies have not yet adapted to support a kid for 36 weeks, women may be at
danger for cervical cancer or birth defects when the baby is born (Weiten, 2011).
When it comes to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), prostitutes, especially those who
have several sexual encounters are at a greater risk of catching the Human Immune Virus
(HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (AIDS). Due to their
socioeconomic circumstances, school students who are in financial trouble are often counted
as HIV and AIDS infected because they are compelled to give sexual services in exchange
for basic school requirements. According to a study conducted by Holborn & Edddy (2011),
around 62 percent of teens engage in unsafe intercourse, placing them at a significant risk of
developing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) due to the large number of partners they
have. In a qualitative research done in Nkonkobe Municipality, Eastern Cape Province,
South Africa, Kheswa, Dayi & Gqumani (2014) discovered that Xhosa-speaking teenage
boys harassed vulnerable females because they had spent money on them and desired "flesh-
to-flesh" contact. Gysels, Pool & Nnalusiba (2002) discovered a correlation between sexual
promiscuity and commercial sex-work in Uganda& they hypothesised that the two were
related. According to these studies, the vast majority of young females who had several
sexual partners ended up working in taverns, backstreet bars or as waitresses in restaurants
in order to maintain their expensive lifestyle. They also supplied sex at a reduced cost to
truck drivers in exchange for money, which was very risky. Tobias (2001) revealed that
commercial sex workers in Swaziland during their adolescent years paid high charges for
sex to foreigners who did not use condoms and that this practice continued into adulthood. A
2012 study found that prostitution is often related with "disadvantage" (for example,

7
intravenous drug injection, child exploitation and homelessness) and that the majority of
persons who report rape to law enforcement encounter stigma and depersonalisation.
Furthermore, derogatory terms for promiscuous people, such as "ashewo," are common in
most communities and have negative psychological consequences, as such youngsters may
be shunned and physically beaten by their lovers/clients or community members for causing
marriages to fail or for ruining their reputation (Fotis, Buhalis & Rossi, 2011).
Oyinloye (2014) looked at the function of sexual education in the promotion of healthy
sexual practices. According to the study's objectives, it was necessary to determine the
significance of sexual education and how it can influence in-school adolescents' sexual
behaviour in Nigeria. Three hundred and sixty (360) teachers from ten (10) schools in urban
and rural areas of Ondo state participated in the study, which employed a self-constructed
rating scale to collect data. The data were obtained and evaluated using a t-test and
percentage statistical analysis in order to assess the two hypotheses that were developed for
the research. Students' sexual behaviours were shown to be significantly affected by sex
education in secondary school and a great majority of students expressed a desire in
knowing more about their own sexual lives, according to the findings. Students in urban
environments are more conscious of sexual behaviours than their counterparts in rural areas.
The vast majority of students believed that receiving sex education would assist them in
developing healthy sexual behaviours. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the
government, parents and schools work together to improve the situation. Mahlalela &
Kheswa (2014) conducted a study on sexual promiscuity among African adolescent females
in Sub-Saharan African countries. The researchers examined the nature and frequency of
sexual promiscuity among African adolescent females in Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as the
factors that contribute to it. The findings showed that sexual promiscuity poses
disadvantages to the majority of girls since their locus of control is externalised by being
associated with older males. Thus, it was recommended among others that parents should be
the main instructors of sexuality to their children, according to the results of this study.
Owan, Ekpe & Eneje (2020) conducted an investigation on the influence of social
networking sites on the sexual behaviours of university students in Nigeria. The approach of
survey research was applied in this investigation. The information was acquired via the use
of a standardised questionnaire with a reliability value of 0.99 and a test-retest procedure.
The data were analysed using descriptive statistics, which was accomplished with the
assistance of the SPSS v25 programme. The findings showed that the students in Nigerian
universities are exposed to a significant amount of sexual content on various social media
8
networks and this exposure has a negative impact on their sex psychology, which manifests
itself in the area of dating prior to marriage as a result of participation in interactive and
romantic sites, according to the findings. Utilising social media education in higher
education, according to the findings, may help students learn how to use these technologies
responsibly, while reducing the inherent faults of using these platforms and enhancing the
inherent advantages of using them. Due to the fact that they both deal with the issue of
promiscuity, which is also the focus of this study, the prior research are linked to this one.
Kaplan and Haenlin (2010:61), social media are a group of internet-based applications that
build on the ideological and technological foundations of web 2: 0 and that allows the
creation and exchange of user generated content.
Boyd and Elision (2007) social media are computer mediated tools that allow people to
create, share and exchange information, ideas, pictures and video in virtual communities and
networks.
Boyd (2008), social media depend on mobile and web-based technologies to create highly
interactive platforms through which individual and communities share, co-operate, discusses
and modify users generate content. They introduce substantial and persuasive changes to
communities and individuals.

2.2 Evolution of Social Media

Social media have become a ubiquitous part of the daily life, but this growth and evolution
has been in the work since the late 70’s, from primitive days of newsgroup. Listerus and the
introduction of early chat rooms, social media has changed the way we communicated, gather
and share information and given rise to a connected global society.
According to an info-graphic from social media monitoring platform simply (360) the
“Golden era” of social media started in 2001 by this time, there were already several chat
applications interactions, including ICQ and one of the earliest blog platforms, live journals.
However, starting in 2001 there was a constant stream of social innovation that started with
the first crowed sourced encyclopedia, Wikipedia. Wikipedia was followed byFriendster,
myspace, Facebook in (2004) and Twitter in (2006) while Facebook and Twitter are the top
social media platforms today. Myspace has undergone several pivots and is still in quite
operation. While the info-graphic does include the launch of apps like WhatsApp and
snapchat, it does not note the impact of mobile on the increase in social media or use around
the world. And there are plenty of networks that are not even mentioned including Vik-Vak,
Whisper, TSU and Ello, of all which are perhaps ongoing golden age of social media.
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To buttress more on the fact on how Facebook and Twitter won the web. Facebook is king for
a reason. It was not just through luck that founder Mark Zuckerberg came to reign supreme
over the social kingdom. It was, in fact, a series of smart moves and innovation features that
set the platform apart from the rest of the launch of the Facebook platform was key to site
success. Almost immediately after being released, the platform gained a massive amount of
attention. At one point in time, Facebook has hundreds of thousands of apps built on the
platform, so many that Facebook launched the Facebook App store to recognize and display
them all.
Twitter, meanwhile created its own app and enjoyed similar success as a result. The other key
to success was Facebook’s ubiquitous ‘like’ button which broke from the bounds of the site
and began appearing all over the internet. Now you can ‘like’ or ‘tweet’ just about
everything, even when you are not on Facebook or Twitter. Realizing the power of social
networking, google decided to launch their own social network (google +) in 2007. It differed
from Facebook and Twitter in that it was not necessarily a full featured networking site, but
rather a social “layer” of the overall google experience. Initially, google generated a lot of
buzz with the services hangouts feature, which allowed users to enter live video chats with
other online friends. At the time of launch, Facebook was scrambling to keep up by
integrating a video chart feature of their own. Within just four weeks, google had generated
25 million unique visitors, with as much as 540 million active monthly users as of June,
2014.
Regardless, the service definitely did not dethrone Zuckerberg’s Behemoth, especially
considering more than half of google + users have never been visiting the services official
site. Its site arguably showed the world that there was still room for innovation and
competition in the realm of social networking.

2.3 Forms of Social Media

Many different forms and types of social media seem to have cropped up all over the internet
overnight. According to Efe (2010) users have varying reasons to use these social media.
Outlets promoting a business or keeping up with friends are just two; the various forms of
social media according to Abubakar (2011:31) include:

2.4 Social Networking: Social networking is also considered a more casual form of the many
forms and types of social media. Facebook and Myspace are the biggest examples that almost
everyone is familiar with. The purpose of Facebook and Myspace and similar sites, is to
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socialize with friends, classmates or other people. Most social networks work this way: find a
friend, add a friend, read friends blogs or notes, see what friends are up to with real time
updates and unite with likeminded people.
Some of these types of sites are general while others, like linked in connect you with people
in the same field as you or to make connections in companies that are similar to the one you
work for “linked in” is great for those willing to find those in the same profession.
Forums: If you have visited a videogame website, these are unique portions of the website
that allows visitors to interest with each other their opinions advice and help one thing that
makes the forum special is that one knows what to expect. If one joins a forum video games,
one will see mostly topics about video games forums are great ways to find people who have
similar interests as one.
Microblogging: Microblogging is a new phenomenon in recent years and is a cousin to
texting within a certain amount of characters usually 160 because one can send posts through
a mobile phone, one can upload quick thoughts for others to see. Through the cell phone or
over your computer, a micro blogger can express thoughts, feelings and events immediately.
At the of June, 2009 the recent protests in Iran have been micro blogging through Twitter,
Instant information and eye witness accounts made the protest real and provided thoughts
could not be ascertained from a news report.
Bookmaking: Since there is so much information on the web, be it news, data or other
resources assimilating them in one place that is referenced for one personally would be
devoting task if one attempted to do it manually. That is where sites like Digg thrive one can
provide links that one finds useful by ‘digging’ them and letting other diggers read them. This
could be anything from a news story to a funny video one saw. One can either approve it or
not and over time sites like Digg and stumble-upon can provide you links based on onelike
and what one has read. This form the types of social media is often used to promote a
business.
Video Sites:One do not always have to read a social media site with networks like: You
Tube, you can watch videos. One can do just about everything one can, on the other sites
because video sites allow comments and friends and profile pages.
Almost everyone can upload a video, though one must adhere to copyright laws but some of
the types of video one can see are: Education video, short independent videos comedy
sketches and musicvideos etc.

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Search Engines: A lesser known typesof social media is the search engine. Years ago, one
typed in what one wanted and the watching results appeared. Now, one can customize one’s
searches with local results, rate the results and even save what search results one received.
Blogs (Short for Web-Log and Microblogs): It is a common method of distributing news,
thought and even general information. Today, many users will create and post or blog on a
sitelike WordPress or Tumbler, then distribute the post by another social method, such as
Facebook, Facebook and Twitter have some functional limitations to the length of posts
though they do have a much greater reach.
Linkedin: This is the largest worldwide professional network. It allows members to stay
connected to colleagues and ask questions. It is based for many things including as a job data-
base and for making business connections, advertising and finding newsworthy stories. It
much like Facebook but for professional networking as opposed to social networking.
Feature of Social Media
Social media-based understanding as a group of new kinds ofonline media known to be a
phenomenon that has recently taken over the web allowing more connectively and interaction
between web uses. Several websites such as Facebook and Myspaceare labelled as ‘Virtual
communities’ which share most of the following features.
Participation: Social media encourages contribution and feedback from everyone who is
interested. It blurs the line between media and audience participation on social media does
not really needs permission, the only thing that is for one to have an account of the social
media one is intending to surf and then log in to start operating.
Openness:Most social media services are open to feedback and participation. The encourage
voting, comments and the sharing of information. There are rarely any barriers to accessing
and making use of contact password protected content is frowns on openness on social media
is based on the level at which a topic or issue is being discussed. The openness pave way for
contributions to such issue and to get a way forward.
Conversation: Whereas traditional media is about ‘broadcast’ content (transmitted or
distributed to an audience) social media is better seen as two conversation with one or two
persons on the social media since the primary aim of the social media is to relate with other
social media friends.

2.5 Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored on technological determinism theory. According to the technological
determinism theory, technology has an impact on the society in which we live since each
12
technological achievement causes a drift that finally results in social revolution. As a
consequence of globalisation, Marshal McLuhan developed the thesis in 1964, stating that
technology fosters social growth in all civilisations and that the day would come when
technology would assist communication that transcended time and space boundaries would
come to pass (Yaroson & Asemah, 2007; Asemah, 2011; Asemah, Nwammuo & Nkwa-
Uwaoma, 2017). A further argument made by the technological determinism theory is that
as individuals move from one technological age to another, media technology alters the way
they think and behave as well as the way they feel and travel (Uky, 2011). In this
reductionist approach, a causal relationship is established between society and its members
and the amount to which technological processes impact human behaviour is investigated. It
also indicates that the kind of technology that is available in each culture determines the
nature of the civilisation in which it is found (CM, 2016).
In a similar vein, Haider (2020) points out that technological determinism theory explains
how advancements in technology have permitted the globe to contract. Consequently, the
thesis asserts that technical advancements herald the beginning of new epochs in human
history. Examples of these accomplishments include the invention of the wheel, which
revolutionised human mobility by allowing people to travel longer distances in less time&
the introduction of new media, which has revolutionised the process of communication by
allowing people to communicate more effectively. Given that social media are a type of
technology media that have the potential to control people's attention, cause them to drift
from one practice to another and sway promiscuous actions among individuals through
technological dynamics, the technological determinism hypothesis is relevant to this
investigation.

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 CHAPTER THREE
3.1 Research Methodology
This chapter is titled research methodology. It thus focuses and explains the procedure for
collecting relevant data for this study. It discusses the study design, population, sampling
techniques, sampling procedure as well as study sample, instrumentation, method of data
analysis and finally validity and reliability of instruments used.

3.2 Research Design

Thereare diversely research method available for studies of this nature, vis – a vis, survey
method, content analysis, experimentation observation etc.
This study was designed to access the impact of social media on student’s mobilization for
protests in a bid to achieve this objective, the survey research method was found appropriate
and fit. The use of the design was hinged on its relevance in the field of social science. It
allows the researcher to have interaction with the respondents.

3.3 Population of the Study

The researcher has narrowed down the topic to Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta.
Therefore, the population of the study constitutes students of Moshood Abiola Polytechnic,
Ojere Abeokuta with the total of 18, 878 students.

3.4 Sampling Size

The need to adopt a sample size was due to the impossibility of studying the entire population
of the study.
Therefore, in determining the sample for this study, stratified sampling techniques was
adopted in delineating the state-owned institution into five strata. The researcherpegged the
sample to a manageable size of three hundred (300) students’ which sixty (60) students will
be simple randomly selected from eachschool in Moshood Abiola Polytechnic, Abeokuta.

3.5 Sampling Procedure

In determining the sample for this study, stratified sampling techniques was adopted in
delineating the state-owned institutions into five (5) strata. These strata are schools of
Business and Management Studies (SBMS), School of Communication and Information
Technology (SCIT), School of Engineering (SENG), School of Science and Technology
(SST) and also School of Environmental (SENV). Thus, representatives were randomly
14
selected across the departments which make up each of the strata using simple random
sampling. In all of these to representative were sampled in each strata.

Instrumentation
The instruments that will be considered for collection of relevant data for this study are
interview guide and questionnaire.
INTERVIEW GUIDE: This will be used to gather an elicit information needed for this
research work from students.
QUESTIONAIRE: Being the major instrument that will be used for this study. It will be
prepared and structured in a relatively simple English language. The questionnaire will be
made in sections to accommodate the respondents bio-data.
Data Sources
Data sources for this study will be gathered in two major folds; Primary and Secondary
sources of data collection. They are explained below:
Primary Sources of Data Collection: These are the major instruments of data collection that
will be used for this study include:
Interview Guide which will be used to elicit information from respondents and students used
as a focus of this study and questionnaire which happened to be the major source of data
collection for this study.
Secondary Source of Data Collection: There were other sources consulted in course of
putting this study together.These include: journals, books, libraries and internet.
Validity and Reliability of Instruments
To ensure validity and reliability of the instrument data, the instrument will be presented to
theresearch supervisor for proper cross check and adequate correction. Also, the interview
guide will be corrected and approved before it will be administered on the students and other
respondents, while the main instrument, the questionnaire will be subjected to a proper
security before administration.

3.6 Method of Data Analysis

Data for this study will be analyzed to answer the research questions and make up for the
research objectives stated in chapter one. Responses that will be obtained from the interview
conducted for the respondents will be presented in a prose format, while data from
questionnaire will be analyzed using table and sample percentage.

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