Hanoi University of Science and Technology
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PROJECT FOR ELECTRONIC 1
Topic: Socket timer to turn off electrical equipment
Teacher: Nguyen Canh Quang
Group 15:
1. Hoang Trung Sang………20185291…….. ME-E1 02-K63
2. Hoang Anh Vu…………. 20185318…….. ME-E1 02-K63
Hà Nội, 2022
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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1, The objective of the project.
1.2, The problem will have to be solved.
1.3, Requirements of the project.
1.4, Review of the progress.
1.5, Propose methods to solve the problems.
Chapter 2: Overall description of system to be designed
2.1, Idea
2.2, Block Diagram
Chapter 3: Design of the system
3.1, Power Block
3.2, IC 555 Block
3.3, Button Block
3.4, LED display Block
3.5, Relay Drive
Chapter 4: Result of the system design and implementation
Chapter 5: Conclusion and recommendation
List of figures, tables, charts
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1, The objective of the project.
We want to create an electronic device that can be timed to automatically turn
off electrical appliances in the house during a certain time of use.
Application: Set to automatically turn off household lights, night lights, garden
lights, balconies, terraces; fan off timer, small capacity pump control… (electrical
equipment in the form have a plug)
1.2, The problem will have to be solved.
What is the maximum wattage of the equipment?
Is the timer time accurate? How much is the error?
Minimum size and maximum weight?
1.3, Requirements of the project.
This device can be timed up to 30 minutes and withstands large loads of up to
8A or maximum electrical equipment capacity of 500W.
Timer can be changed.
Have LED to show the timer process
1.4, Review of the progress.
We have completed the product and met the initial intentions set forth, but the
cost is much more expensive, and the size and volume are not optimized.
1.5, Propose methods to solve the problems.
Using components with good load-carrying capacity, large-core wire, and stable
current.
Select components by accurately calculating withstand current, withstand
voltage, and arrange components on the appropriate circuit to optimize size
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CHAPTER 2: OVERALL
2.1, Idea
Use IC timer 555 to create delay to turn off electrical equipment through a relay
and activated by push button.
Figure 1. Idea
2.2, Block Diagram
- We use voltage supply for the whole circuit is 220V AC.
- When pressing the button is when the timer is activated through the monostable
circuit of the IC timer 555.
- During the delay generation, the circuit activates the relay through the relay block
to turn on and off the externally connected electrical equipment and there will be a
led block showing the stage of the delay creation time.
- The timer can be adjusted by the potentiometer in the circuit
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Figure 2. Block Diagram
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CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM
3.1, Power Block
Figure 3. Power Block
a) Components
- Isolation transformer 1A/2A/3A…
- Domino 2P (TBLOCK-I2)
- Bridge diode 4 pin 1A/2A/3A...
- 2 polarization capacitors 1000uF (> 15V)
- 2 ceramic capacitors 0.1uF/50V
- IC LM7805
b) Task
- Convert 220V AC mains to 5V DC voltage stabilizer for the whole circuit.
c) Working principle
- 220V AC voltage passing through the transformer will drop to 9V.
- The voltage of 9V through the bridge diode will be rectified into an undulating
DC voltage with a value of 9 – 0.7*2 = 7.6V.
- 2 capacitors C3, C4 will filter voltage fluctuations. The higher the F value, the
flatter the filter capacitor, and the minimum withstand voltage of the capacitor is
7.6 * √2 = 10.75V ≈ 11V (15V/25V/36V/…).
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- This voltage will go to pin 1 of IC LM7805 and the voltage stabilizer output is
5V (Vcc = 5V).
- 2 capacitors C2, C5 to filter high frequency noise.
3.2, IC 555 Block
Figure 4. Monostable mode
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Figure 5. IC 555 Block (monostable circuit)
a) Components
- IC NE555
- Resistor 330R 1/4W 5%
- Potentiometer 1M
- 1 polarization capacitors 2200uF/25V
b) Task
- Create a timer to turn off electrical equipment.
c) Working principle
- Use the monostable mode of the 555 to create a delay after triggering 1 pulse
of the trigger pin. (Vtrigger < 1/3Vcc => S → 1 => Q → 1)
- Then pin 3 (output) will go high (Vout = 3.3V according to the datasheet) and
go low approximately 0V after a period equal to: T = 1.1 * (RV2 + R5) * C1
second. (Until Vthreshold = 2/3Vcc => R → 1 => Q → 0)
- Adjusting potentiometer to increase impedance will increase time.
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3.3, Button Block
Figure 6. Button Block
a) Components
- 2 resistors 10K 1/4W 5%
- 2 button NO
b) Task
- Activate the timer and turn off the device midway.
c) Working principle
- Pressing the SET button will trigger the trigger pulse low.
- Pressing the RESET button will immediately trigger R to level 1 leading to Q
return to level 0 (Circuit is reset).
- Two resistors help limit current as well as prevent short circuit
3.4, LED display Block
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Figure 7. LED display Block
a) Components
- 7 resistors 1K 1/4W 5%
- IC LM339
- 4 resistors 330R 1/4W 5%
- 4 Led-Green 5mm
b) Task
- Show the phase of remaining timer time
c) Working principle
- 1K resistors connected in series form voltage levels 1/7Vcc, 2/7Vcc, 3/7Vcc...
- Use comparator IC LM339 to compare 4 voltage levels from 1/7Vcc to 4/7Vcc
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- The comparator pin is the threshold pin (the voltage is accumulating in the
capacitor C1) in the process of increasing from 0V to 2/3Vcc.
- Every time the voltage crosses a level then the output of that OpAmp inside IC
339 will go 0 and there will be current through which makes the LED light and so
on.
- Resistor R13 → R16 used to limit the current for LED.
3.5, Relay Drive
Figure 8. Relay Drive
a) Components
- Resistor 2.2K 1/4W 5%
- Transistor BJT 2N3904
- Diode 1N4148
- Relay 5V
- Domino 3P (TBLOCK-I3)
b) Task
- Connect an electronic circuit with DC power to external electrical equipment
either DC or AC.
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c) Working principle
- Use transistor 2N 3904 to amplify the current through Relay 5V.
- When the relay is off, the coil core loses the magnetic field suddenly, according
to the principle of electromagnetic induction, the suction coil generates an induced
voltage opposite to the initial voltage, Diode 1N4148 to suppress (suppress) this
voltage, protection Q1 (PIV of diode = 100V, high speed diode)
- The calculation steps are also quite easy when the trigger current through the
relay 𝐼𝐶 min = 100mA (only need 50mA.current), the current 𝐼𝐵 min = 1mA due to
the 𝛽𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 100 (of 2N 3904) then R4 <= (3.3 - 0.7) / 1mA = 2K6. Select R4 = 2K2
(1/4W)
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CHAPTER 4: RESULT OF THE SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Figure 9. Full Schematic Circuit
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Figure 10. Top Layer PCB
Figure 11. Bottom Layer PCB
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Figure 12. Real Circuit (Top)
Figure 13. Real Circuit (Side)
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Figure 14. FullBox
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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION
My product is finished. However, there was a small error compared to the
theoretical circuit we originally intended to set out. Even so, the functions and
main blocks of the circuit still work normally and produce results close to
intended.
The initial requirements that are satisfied:
- Easy to use with push button on the surface
- Cheap price only about 100.000 Vnđ
- Target creation delay time
- Large load capacity
- Safe when using
The parameters of this real circuit are:
- Timer up to more than 30 minutes
- Withstand load capacity of 1000W and load current of 5A
Our circuit uses analog electronics, and it looks very simply, but creating a
finished product also must go through many stages.
The group only has two members, but we always try our best to make products.
We also recognize mistakes in our circuit design and the next product will be
better.
There will be improvements, optimization of components, new functions that
can be compared with products on the market today.
Finally, our product is completely practical, and it can be used with electrical
equipment that does not require too high accuracy. Unlike other groups that only
try out the functions, not a finished product in terms of appearance.
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