1.What is the shortcut key to create a new document?

ctrl+N

2.What is meant by Media Literacy?

It is important for us to understand very basic aspects of the media such as

ownership,agenda and interest so that we are able to discern the messages that the media
puts out ,enabling us to make a better and informed decisions.This awareness of the media
is called media literacy .

Awareness of media is called media literacy

What is meant by film analysis ?

Film asnalysis is a process in which film is analyzed in terms of mise-en-scene as well as

content .it is way of underrating film in a comprehensive way

What are non fiction films ?

Films which are about real people ,real issues like social political economic etc and that
deals with facts are called fiction films .They are expected to be authentic to history.

Why nonfiction films are not meant for general audience ?

Non fiction films are meant for primary audience only .here the size of the audience is
smaller as compared to fiction films.it is typically shown in small halls and to a variety of
group spread over a period of time .some Tv channels are dedicated to show nonfiction
films.

What are fiction films ?

Films that tell us story with imaginary charcters ,plots,locations are called fictional films,

Ex:Gandhi,films made on shahid bhagat singh

Who coined the term Documentary? And what did he call it ?

John Grierson .the term documentary was defined as “The creative treatment to actuality”

(it means to interpret creatively and in social terms the life of ppl as it exists in reality )
How does documentary differ from fiction ?

Documentaires are narratives ,unlike fiction they do not tell a story with a plot and sub-
plot.They raise arguments and counter arguments or develop issues as themes .They are
more like essays .Hence the mode of analyzing them is different from those of fictions.

vi. When did the Television first came to India?

September 15, 1959

What do you understand by Mise en Scene

It is a French term that literally means ‘to put

into scene’ or staging an action.

Where did the term mis en scene originate

The term "mise en scène" originated in France. that literally means ‘to put

into scene’ or staging an action.

It encompasses all the visual elements arranged in front of the camera or

on a stage, including sets, props, actors, costumes, lighting, and the
overall composition of a shot.

Why is the concept of mis en scence important in film making ?

The concept of mise-en-scène is crucial in filmmaking as it encompasses

various elements that collectively contribute to the visual and emotional
impact of a film. Mise-en-scène, a French term which literally means “
staging an action ," refers to everything that appears before the camera
and its arrangement—this includes sets, props, actors, costumes, lighting,
etc . it also signifies the director's control over the frames and individual shots

Enumerate the broad points of observation to be made during film analysis.

What is the film about ? [ Theme/s]

 What happens in the film ? [plot/synopsis]

 How is the film structured as a narrative in time and space? 

What are the prominent techniques used in making of the film?

 Does the film succeed in achieving what it is set out to achieve?

What makes film a complex medium?

A film is complex medium because it's a mix of writing, acting, visuals,

sound, and many other things that all have to fit together to tell a
complete story. All these factors have direct bearing on the quality of the film

a film is structured in time and space in a dynamic way. there is lot of things to be observed
in a film in terms of the techniques used and the pattern of story telling. all these details
have to be observed while the film is running. A book can be read, or a painting can be
observed at one's own pace or leisure. But, we have no such choice in case of films, as they
run at their own pace on screen.

Define macro structure ?

MARCO STRUCTURE Macro structure of a film is structuring of the story in a definite spatio-
temporal order This is the composition of the film in a broad sense. It determines whether
the film is a linear narrative, or a story told in a flashback or in any other way

Deifine micro structure ?

Micro Structure Micro-structure refers to the directorial and technical aspects of the film
craft. Such as composition of the shots, composition of the sound track , pace of editing etc.
This process begins at the shooting stage and is completed in Editing.

What is a sequence ?

Sequence is the basic unit of Macro-structure. A sequence is composed of one or many

shots.

Define shots in film ?

In cinema, a "shot" refers to a continuous, unedited sequence of frames

that runs for an uninterrupted period of time. It is the basic building block
of film, and shots are combined to create scenes, sequences, and
ultimately the entire film
What are the 3 ascpects of shots ?

Shot in cinema has THREE aspects

1. Visual

2. Audio

3. Editing[transitions]

Describe the visual aspects of film ?

 Image size - Long Shot /Medium Shot/Close Up- depends upon the distance of the subject
from the camera

 Viewpoint - High/Low/Eye level- corresponds to whether the subject is at a higher level

than the camera[low angle], whether the subject is at a lower level than the camera[ high
angle] and whether the subject is at the same level as that of the camera

 Static/Moving camera. Our viewpoint is either static or mobile depending upon , whether
the camera is static or mobile.

 Movement-

Pan, Tilt, Track are the three basic types of Camera movements .

Pan- the movement of the camera in a horizontal plane ,either from left to right or vice
versa.

Tilt- the movement of the camera in a vertical plane ,either tilt up or tilt down.

Track is the physical displacement of the camera either on ground or in air or in water.

 Lenses- wide angle/normal/telephoto are the three types of lenses.

 Depth of field. A technical term that refers to the range of focus. Ex :Planes
foreground/background

Aspect ratio- refers to whether the film is in widescreen, cinemascope etc. This is the ratio of
the width to height of the projected picture frame on the screen.

 Graphic quality- Colour or B-W Lighting is mostly subliminal. It denotes the time, season
and mood. Enhances the quality of the presence of the actors.

What are the audio aspects of shots ?

Audio Aspects of Shots are speech,sound Effects,Music,Silence - These are the four
components of the sound track.

Speech can be in various forms such as monologue, dialogue, voice over etc.

Sound effects can be of the actions seen on the screen or suggestive of an ambience.

Music can be incidental- like an instrument being played in the scene or a song.

Silence creates dramatic pauses and sometimes evokes an ambience.

Mode of use- On screen/Off screen [diegetic/non-diegetic], these terms refer to the mode
of using these components. If the source of any sound is seen on the screen it is on screen
sound otherwise it is an off screen one

What are the editing aspects of shots ?

 Cut - It is a straight and an instant change in visual.

  Fade in/out. The shot already on the screen begins to go dark and then finally the screen
becomes completely dark. This is the fade out. Then the next shot begins to appear slowly
from darkness and attains brightness gradually. This is fade in.

 Dissolve. The shot already on the screen begins to slowly disappear and another one
begins to emerge simultaneously. The first shot is said to be dissolved into the second one.

 Superimposition- It is simlar to dissolve, except that both the shots stay on screen for a
long time. There could be more than two shots used at times.

 Bleach. This is opposite of fade. The screen begins to get brighter and brighter till all the
details of the shot are like 'bleached' and there is only brightness on the screen.

 Freeze. It is an instant stop in a running film. A moment is like frozen in a still picture.

 Wipe

 Morphing. It is a special effect generated by means of computer graphics wherein one

object changes its shapes to become another one like a motorcycle become a cheetah and
vice versa. It is a short form of metamorphosis.

What is the Media?

The media' refers to the different channels we use to communicate information in the
everyday world. 'Media' is the plural of medium (of communication), and

Which are the five components of media ?

the main media forms are

Print

Radio

Film

Television

Internet

what are the contents of media ?

And the main content forms of this media are Advertising Books ,Canned Fiction
Entertainment, Canned Non Fiction entertainment, Feature Films, Music ,News ,Websites
etc

Media communication is between whom ?

This communication can be:

Between individuals - one to one or peer to peer. For example a phonecall.

Between organisations - business to business. For example a corporate film

Between organisations & individuals - business to consumer for example advertising or a

feature film or a TV programme or a newspaper

What is Media Studies?

Media Studies is the study of what the media is composed of and how it affects the
audience. It employs theories and methods from a number of fields of study including
communication, sociology, literature, political economy, film/video studies, cultural studies,
anthropology, philosophy, design, history, politics, information theory, and economics.
Media Studies also focuses on the Mass Media - its political, social, economic and cultural
role and its impact in creating and distributing content to media audiences.

1. What are the key concepts in Media Studies?

Key concepts in Media Studies include:
1. Traditional : The term traditional, in this context, is used to describe pre-industrial
societies and their interrelationships.
2. Traditional Society : it is community based. They usually exists within a specific
geographic space and are symbolized by shared traditions, cultures, values and
language. They are denoted by a lack of individual privacy, and a feeling of "social
good". For ex: a small village where everyone knows the other person.

3.Traditional Culture:A set of cultural values and ideas that are shared by the community.

What are the differences between traditional culture and traditional society ?

Ans from above

What are the difference between traditional media and new media ?

Venn diagram from manhas notes or teams

When did the media became mass media?

100 yrs ago

1. How do mass media play the role of socialiser?

The mass media are another agent of socialization.
Television shows, movies, popular music, magazines,
Web sites, and other aspects of the mass
 media influence our political views; our tastes in
popular culture; our views of women, people of color,
and gays; and many other beliefs and practices.
2. Does mass media affect the aspirations of people?
mass media can have a significant impact on the aspirations of
people. Media, in various forms such as television, movies, social
media, and news outlets, plays a crucial role in shaping
perceptions, influencing opinions, and impacting individuals'
goals and aspirations.

When we see successful or famous people in movies, on TV,

or online, it can make us want similar things. Media also
shows different lifestyles and jobs, and this can influence
what we dream of or aim for in our own lives. So, what we
see and hear in the media can shape our goals and
aspirations
Define the following ?
Traditional : The term traditional, in this context, is used to describe pre-industrial societies
and their interrelationships. Traditional Society is community based. They usually exists
within a specific geographic space and are symbolized by shared traditions, cultures, values
and language. They are denoted by a lack of individual privacy, and a feeling of "social
good". For example, think of a small village where everyone knows the other person.

Traditional Culture:A set of cultural values and ideas that are shared by the community.

Mass : 'Mass' was perceived as the multitudes or common people who were mostly
uneducated, ignorant and potentially irrational, unruly and even violent.

Mass Society The term Mass Society refers to a society with a mass culture and large-scale,
impersonal, social institutions. Given that the most complex and modern societies have
(social relationships, family, friends, groups et al) the concept of mass society can be thought
of as an "ideal type", but it does not exist in reality. However, the term is designed to draw
attention to the way in which life in complex societies, with great specialization and
rationalized institutions, can become clouded in anonymity and impersonality and fail to
support adequate bonds between the individual and the community.

Mass Culture Mass culture is a set of cultural values, ideas, forms of practice that arise from
the exposure of a population to the same cultural activities, communication media, music
and art, etc. For example, in India traditionally the 'Sangeet' on the night before wedding
was a part of North Indian culture - more specifically Punjabi culture. It was a woman's
festival which aimed to tell a young girl who was getting married on what to expect from
marriage. Mass culture's depiction of the wedding sangeet has now turned it into an all India
phenomenon where people of both genders participate. Mass culture becomes possible
with modern communication and electronic media. Mass culture is transmitted to
individuals, rather than arising from people's daily interactions, and therefore lacks the
distinctive content of cultures rooted in community and region. Mass culture fosters the
view of the viewer as a consumer and as an individual.

What is The Difference between Folk (Traditional) and Mass Culture ?

Folk Culture grew from the grass roots. It was spontaneous expression of people, shared by
themselves preferably in their own communities to suit their own needs. Mass culture is
imposed from above. It is fabricated by technicians hired by businessmen; its audiences are
passive consumers, their participation limited to the choice between buying and not buying.
It is a debased, trivial culture that voids both the deep realities (sex, death, failure and
tragedy) and also make the simple, spontaneous pleasures: Macdonald, 1957, Introduction:
The Dangers of Mass Culture.

How did Herbert Blumer distinguish between Group, Crowd, Public and Mass audience?

Herbert Blumer (1939)

Group, Public, Crowd and Mass Audience.

(explain)

Mass Audience Herbert Blumer (1939) defined the mass as a new type of social formation in
modern society by contrasting it with other formations - especially the group, crowd and
public.

He said: Groups are small as most people know each other. They share common values and
believe in certain structure of relationships that is stable over a period of time. The groups
interact with each other to achieve predefined objectives for example, a film appreciation
group.

Crowds are larger but still restricted within observable boundaries in a particular space. It is
however temporary and seldom reassembles with the same composition. It exhibits a high
degree of identity and shares the same 'mood', but there is no structure or order to its moral
and social composition. It can act, but its actions are often seen to have an affective,
emotional and often irrational character for example the crowd in a railway station.

Public:- is relatively large, widely dispersed and enduring. It tends to form around an issue
or cause in public life, with its primary purpose to advance an interest or opinion and to
achieve political change. It is an essential part of democratic societies, for example, the
public that came together to campaign for justice for Jesicca Lall. And finally,

the Mass Audience is widely dispersed, its members are not known to each other or even to
those who brought the audience into existence. It lacks self awareness and self identity and
is incapable of acting together in an organized way to secure objectives. It is marked by
shifting composition within changing boundaries. It does not act for itself, but is acted upon -
therefore subject to manipulation. It is heterogenous - consisting of large numbers from all
social strata and demographic groups.

Explain the term Supplement Journalism

It allows for local retail advertising and for segmentation of readers in terms of their interest
and the neighborhoods

define TRP

Television Rating Point

Define Stereotypes.

Codes that allow audiences to make a

snapshot judgement about a group of people

regarding their age, background, class, etc.

interest and the neighborhoods

Media Effects Theories are also known as Audience Theories

define ground plans

ii. A diagrammatic representation of what the

setting looks like in a scene.The architects cll it elevation view

what is mass audience ?

iii. Its members are not known to each other or

even to those who brought the audience into

existence.

Which was the earliest form of Print Media?

Leaflets, pamphlets and books. (any 2)

What do you understand by the comment Ignore Once?

This will leave the word in the text as it is

and not change it. We usually use this option

when some names appear as incorrect

words.

What do you understand by Scheduling Strategies?

Dayparting, Theming, Stacking, Stripping,

Counterprogramming, Hammocking (explain

any 2)

What do you understand by Propaganda?

Propaganda is a term that is used frequently

in the discussion of the media. It is the

content that tries to portray 'an ideology' as

the best and in doing so tries to portray all

other viewpoints as being unacceptable or

evil in nature. Propaganda is seen to mean a

point of view that is biased towards one

agenda - and the term itself has negative

connotations. Propaganda is usually of two

types: Direct and Subtle

Distinguish between Multicast and Unicast.

Radio, television and satellite transmission is

referred to as ‘multicast,’ referring to one

way communication, from a single sending

source to an unlimited number of receivers.

The internet’s primary transmission method

is ‘unicast,’ referring to being interactive, or

two-way communication, as well as it being

from one sender to just one receiver.

How did Herbert Blumer distinguish between Group, Crowd, Public and Mass audience?

Herbert Blumer (1939)

Group, Public, Crowd and Mass Audience.

(explain)