Chapter 3
Chapter 3
The First Police Commission was constituted on 17th August 1865. It contained
detailed guidelines for the desired system of policing in India and defined police as a
governmental department to maintain order, enforce the law, and prevent and detect crime.
India, with an area of 32,87,782 Sq. Kms. and a population of 1.21 billion, is a
union of 28 states and 7 union territories . The powers and responsibilities of the Union
and States are demarcated in the Constitution of India. Article 246 of the Constitution of
India places the police, public order, courts, prisons, reformatories, borstal and other allied
Much before the Independence, superior police officers belonging to the Imperial
Police (IP) were appointed by the Secretary of State on the basis of competitive
examination. The very first open Civil Service examination for the service was held in
England in June, 1893 and the top ten candidates were appointed as probationers of the
Indian (Imperial) Police. In around 1907, the Secretary of State’s officers were directed to
wear the letters "IP" on their epaulettes to distinguish them from the other officers not
recruited by the Secretary of State. In this sense, 1907 could be regarded as the starting
The administrative control of Tamil Nadu Police vests with the Chief Minister of
Tamil Nadu who holds the portfolio of Home Minister. The supervision and co-ordination
of Police is done by the Home Department, Govt. of Tamil Nadu. The Force, headed by a
Director General of Police, is responsible for maintenance of law and order and prevention
and detection of crimes in an area spanning 130058 Sq. Kms. with a population of over 7.2
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crores as per the Census 2001. 87,973 personnel borne on the strength of the Police Force
of Tamil Nadu are deployed throughout the State. There are eight metropolitan cities in
Salem, Erode, Tirunelveli and Vellore. Each of the cities has a City Police force, headed
by a Commissioner of Police. There are thirty two police districts in Tamil Nadu, each
The Tamil Nadu police have various distinctions and honors to its credit. It has the
largest strength of women police personnel in the country, the highest number of women
police stations in the country, the first women special police battalion, the first women
Commando Force in the Country, the first established Finger Print Lab in the World, the
first Integrated Modern Police Control Room in the country and has the largest number of
computers against other police departments in the Country and this has resulted in the
1659
Pedda Naik engaged by the British to Guard the town of Madraspatanam with the
assistance of peons. The system was the remnant of the ‘Kaval’ organization.
1770
Board of Police constituted by the then Governor Josios DuPre to deal with removal of
1771
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1780
Post of Superintendent of Police was created to supervise the markets and to reduce the
prices of provisions.
1782
Comprehensive plan for the Police prepared by S.Popham to promote health and to
1791
Institution of Kotwal Police abolished, on complaints of extracting more money than was
due from merchants. Office of "Poligar" (synonymous with "Pedda Naik") restored.
1806
Walter Grant became the first regularly appointed Superintendent of the City Police with
1815
policing, divided the area into eight divisions for effective control.
1829 – 1832
On the recommendation of George Norton, Advocate General, Madras City was divided
into four Districts namely Black Town District, Triplicane District, Vepery District and St.
1834
Francis Kelly and Vambaukkam Raghavachariar became the first Indians to be inducted as
1856
Police Act XII was passed by Legislative Council of the Governor General. J.C
Boudlerson became the first Commissioner of Police under the new Act.
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1858
(IGP). The proposal submitted by Robinson formed the basis of the present day district
Police.
1859
Act XXIV marks the beginning of Modern Madras Police. The Act was also the
forerunner for the Police Commission set up by the Government of India in 1906.
1865
Free Masons Lodge Building "Perfect Unanimity" (Present Police Headquarters) taken on
1874
Madras Presidency Police bought the Police Headquarters Building for a sum of
1884
fanaticism by Moplahs.
1895
1902
The Madras City with an area of 29 sq. miles and a population of 5,09,346 was divided
into two ranges - Northern Range in the immediate charge of Dy. Commissioner of Police
and the Southern Range under the direct control of Commissioner of Police himself
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1905
Police Training School was strengthened and equipped to train the new cadre of Sub-
Inspectors who were to replace the old Station House Officers (who were Head
Constables).
1906
1909
The King's Police Medal was instituted for Gallantry and Distinguished Service.
1912
1919
Diwan Bahadur Parankusam Naidu was appointed as Commissioner of Police - the first
Indian to occupy the post. P.B. Thomas, I.P., became the first Police Officer to be
1921
Malabar Special Armed Police was formed in the wake of Moplah Rebellion.
1923
H.G. Stokes appointed as Special Officer for re-organisation of Armed Reserves and
Special Police Parties. MSP equipped with " Marconi" wireless sets. First Police
1928
The CID was divided into Special Branch and Crime Branch.
1929
Madras City Police re-organised with functional divisions of Crime, Law and Order and
Traffic.
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1931
Statutory Rules for the Madras Police Subordinate Service come into force.
1935
1946
Officer.
1947
T.G. Sanjeevi, from Madras became the first Indian to occupy the post of Director,
1951
Madras Police Dog Squad was formed. Madras became the pioneer in India after
1956
Police Radio Office established. Single Digit Finger Print Section was established in the
1957
1959
1960
1961
Science Laboratory.
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1963
City Police Hospital at Madras (Originally formed as a dispensary) was converted as a full
fledged Hospital. Home Guards was created to assist police. H.A. Stuart, Inspector
General of Police, Madras Presidency was appointed Secretary of All India Police
Commission.
1971
"Police Computer Wing", Madras was established. Tamil Nadu was the first State to start
Computerisation. Tamil Nadu Police Commission set up under the Chairmanship of Thiru
Gopalswamy Iyengar. Special Cell CID was formed to deal with extremist's activities.
1973
Women ConsTables and Women SI recruited in Tamil Nadu Police for the first time.
1976
1979
Post of Director General of Police was created to head the Police Department E.L. Stracey
1981
1984
1985
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1987
1989
Police Commission appointed under the Chairmanship of former Chief Secretary Thiru
1991
Uniformed Service Recruitment Board was constituted for the recruitment of personnel in
the non-gazetted category for the uniformed departments -Police, Prison and Fire Services.
Once again the TN Police Housing Corporation started Functioning as a separate entity.
1992
Special Security Group established First Women Police Station was opened at Thousand
Lights Chennai headed by a Woman Inspector. Subsequently Women Police Stations were
1993
Separate establishment for Human Rights was formed. Special Task Force was formed.
1994
Coastal Security Group, first of its kind in the country, constituted to strengthen the
1995
Chief Office Shifted to "Government House" Government Estate Chennai. First phase of
Stations.
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1997
2001
In th new Millennium, Tamil Nadu Police has a Strength of 91,341.There are 11 Police
Divisions, 287 Circles and 1276 Police Stations including Women Police Stations.
2002
Four Zones created, each headed by an IGP with headquarters at Chennai, Coimbatore,
2003
One Mobile Police Station and 80 Highway Patrol vehicles introduced to improve
highway surveillance and reduce accidents and 117 Police Clubs opened all over the State.
2004
"Woman Police Battalion of Tamilnadu Special Police " formed - the first such battalion in
India. STF succeeded "Operation Cocoon" in which the notorious bandit Veerappan was
2005
Merging of Chengai East District with the Commissionerate of Chennai city Police. The
greater Chennai Police now has a jurisdiction over 588.7 Sq. Kms. with 156 Police
Stations, the largest Commissionerate in the country. A new building for State Crime
the Finger Print Bureau,Police Computer Wing,Modus Operandi Bureau and Statistical
Wing.
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2006
Asia's Largest and Modern Prison called Puzhal Prison was inaugurated.
2007
District was newly formed, bifurcating the erstwhile Perambalur District. Hyundai Motors
Ltd., presented 100 Hyundai Accent Cars as a goodwill gesture to augment the Chennai
City Patrolling fleet. Thus, Chennai Police is the only force in the country having a fleet of
Sedans.
2008
Tamil Nadu Police Celebrated Sesquicentennial (150 Years). The Chennai Police has been
Oonamancheri, Vandalur, Chennai. The DGP, Tamil Nadu launched the redesigned Tamil
2009
01.07.09 National Security Guard hub was opened at Chennai. 01.09.09 Senior IPS officer
Ms Letika Saran IPS became the first woman DGP in Tamil Nadu Police
commemorate the police personnel who laid down their lives while discharging duty.
2010
An Organised Crime Intelligence Unit (OCIU) starts function under the Intelligence Wing
of the Tamil Nadu police. 13.01.10 Ms Letika Saran IPS., an officer of 1976 batch, has
taken over charge as DGP (Law and Order), Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu's first woman
Director General of Police (DGP) and the second woman in the country to head a state
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2011
Dept., dt.28.07.2011 Govt. have sanctioned the formation of 36 Anti Land Grabbing
Special Cell in the state with one cell each at the State Police Headquarters, all
Commissionerrates and all districts except Karur, Thiruvannamalai and Nagapattinam for
a period of one year on temporary basis.In those 3 districts, district crime branch will
Home (Pol-XIV) Dept., dt.24.08.2011 Govt. have ordered to merge Chennai suburban
Police with Chennai City Police and formed Greater Chennai Police. The Greater Chennai
Police Commissionerate is divided into four L & O Zone viz. East Zone (27 Police
stations), West Zone (35 Police stations), North Zone (30 Police stations), South Zone (37
Police Stations).
03.09.11 Police Rifle and Pistol/Revolver Shooting Competition 2010 : The 11th All
India Police Rifle and Pistal / Revolver Shooting competition 2010 was held at
Commando Force shooting range, Othivakkam, Kanchipuram District in Tamil Nadu from
03.09.2011 to 08.09.2011.
Coimbatore is the second largest city in the State of Tamil Nadu. It is a major
commercial centre in Tamil Nadu and is known as the "Manchester of South India". The
history of modern Coimbatore, however, dates from the 1930s, when the city grew rapidly
capitalizing on a textile boom. Since then, the city has witnessed a steady growth fueled by
its favourable soil, climate and political and economic conditions. Coimbatore has been
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ranked 4 th among Indian cities in investment climate by a survey done by the
City has an area of about 23.5 Sq. Kms. with 14.5 lakhs population. The City Police
namely Dy.Commissioner of Police, Law & Order, Dy.Commissioner of Police, Crime &
functions. Apart from this, it has a total strength of 1642 local police personnel, 978
Armed Reserve Police personnel and 78 women police personnel including Officers.
Coimbatore City is now known as one of the communally hyper-sensitive places in Tamil
Nadu.
1972
Coimbatore Urban District Police which was in existence with 77 Police Stations and 15
Out-Posts was bifurcated into two Police Districts namely Coimbatore Urban and
1978
In 1978 Singanallur Municipality, four Towns and two Panchayats were added to the
Corporation.
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1979
Again Coimbatore Urban District was bifurcated into two Police Districts namely
Coimbatore (Rural) District having Head Quarters at Coimbatore and Periyar District with
Head Quarters at Erode, when the Coimbatore Revenue District was bifurcated as
Coimbatore and Periyar Revenue Districts. Coimbatore Urban District was under the
1982
Due to industrialisation and boom in the economy, the city made rapid progress, which
resulted in increasing rate of reporting of crimes. But, unlike other cities, Coimbatore has
been facing a peculiar problem. The communal trouble, which started in the late eighties,
assumed alarming proportions. Frequent riots only worsened the situation. Due to
development of the City, several problems arising out of social tensions, more
opportunities for crime and occasionally spontaneous explosion of Law and Order
situation call for an extremely quick response from the Police at the operational levels.
This can be achieved only when the Police are organized in a unitary chain of command
embracing two basic functions of quick decision making and its prompt implementation.
Action taken after prolonged consultation will lead to disastrous consequences. Only the
Commissionerate System in Coimbatore was keenly felt with a view to maintain Law &
Order under control. So on, during the year 1982-83, the Honourable Minister for Finance
appointed as Special officers and they submitted their proposals for the introduction of the
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1987
During 1987, the Government introduced the Legislative Assembly bill 27 of 1987 on
11.05.1987 urging to enact the Madras City Police (Extension to the City of Madurai and
the City of Coimbatore) Act 1987. The Commissionerate however, is restricted to the
limits of the Coimbatore City Municipal Corporation, by virtue of section 2(2) of the Act.
This City Act authorize the Commissioner of Police to exercise powers of District
1989
During 1989, comissionerate system in Coimbatore urban district was introduced. As per
assumed charge of the post of Special Officer and DIG of Police, Coimbatore City on
Magisterial and Executive and other infrastructural facilities, and submitted his
Commissionerate System in Coimbatore quickly. In a city police setup, there are separate
units for law and order and crime (for prevention and detection). "Due to this the police
are able to focus even on the nitty-gritty of policing. There are two inspectors (one for law
and order and one for crime), four sub-inspectors and nearly 60 in the other ranks in each
1990
Only on 14.4.1990, the present Commissionerate system was introduced in the cities of
Madurai and Coimbatore as per the G.O.Ms No.803. Governement also sanctioned the
opening of two new police stations one at Selvapuram and another at Saibabacolony in the
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within the City limits, with four more Police Stations at CMC Hospital, Rathinapuri,
Selvapuram and Saibaba Colony totally 11 Police Stations. The Commissionerate has 11
Law and order Police Stations and 11 Crime police Stations, 5 Traffic Stations, with
adequate staff. Special Units including Airport Security, consisting of one Commissioner
Inspectors, 91 Sub Inspectors, 35 Reserve Sub Inspectors and 2134 police personnel, with
Women Police Wing, Ministerial and Technical Staff, sufficient vehicles and
After the introduction of commissionerate system in Coimbatore City during 1990, the
District with the staff, vehicles, etc., to function under the control of the Superintendent of
1992 to 1998
Coimbatore City became a centre for the attacks and counter-attacks of the RSS-led Hindu
Munnani and Hindu Makkal Katchi and Muslim fundamentalist organisations like Al-
Umma and the Jihad Committee, from 1983. Conflicts erupted when men belonging to one
Abusive platform speeches were made by both sides. Things came to a head after the
demolition of the Babri Masjid in December 1992. Muslims started spreading religious
(RSS) building in August 1993 (18 persons were killed in this incident) and at the Hindu
Munnani office in April 1995. Then in Coimbatore City, Traffic PC Selvaraj was
Kottaimedu. During 1998, February 14 and 17, Series of Bomb Blasts, codenamed as
“Operation Allahu Akbar”, was executed by Al-Umma in Coimbatore City. The blasts
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began around 4 p.m. on February 14 when L.K. Advani, then president of the Bharatiya
Janata Party (BJP), was scheduled to address an election meeting at R.S. Puram in the city
and over 50 people were killed 200 and others were injured. The Government taking into
account of the bomb blasts and the critical Law & Order situations in Coimbatore City and
to facilitate the close watch of the communally sensitive areas and better handling of Law
and orders problems in Coimbatore City, B-1 Bazaar Police Station has been bifurcated
into two new Police Stations at Ukkadam and Variety Hall Road in Coimbatore City.
Coimbatore City Police set up had three sub-divisions, namely East, Central and West.
2005
Due to communal unrest, including riots and serial blasts in late 1990's, proposals were
Karumbukkadai and Kuniamuthur, which are hotbed for communal activities, under the
Coimbatore City Police. Communal outfits always operated on either side along the border
and after committing an offence either in the city or in the rural district, they used to take
shelter on the other side. So, coordinating the investigations was always very difficult
because of the jurisdiction issues. During 2005, Tamilnadu State Government has given
approval to the Coimbatore City police to bring the communally sensitive Podanur police
limits (Coimbatore Rural District) into the City Commissionerate. Subsequently, as per
Coimbatore District has been annexed with the Coimbatore City Police Jurisdiction and
also sanction for formation of two Police Stations at Rathinapuri and Kuniyamuthur.
jurisdiction of Perur PS. Though they do not fall under the Corporation limits, these two
police stations were brought under Coimbatore city, as a special case. These stations have
separate wings for law and order and crime, additional manpower and vehicles. Then
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Coimbatore City Police set-up, which has three sub-divisions (East, Central and West),
was added with one more sub-division (South). The new Coimbatore South sub-division
was formed with Podanur (B-13), Kuniamuthur (B-14), Selvapuram (B-10) and
Ramanathapuram (B-7) police stations. Coimbatore West sub-division was formed with
Big Bazaar Street (B-1), Variety Hall Road (B-8), Ukkadam (B-12) and R.S. Puram (B-2).
Coimbatore Central sub-division was formed with Kattoor (B-3), Race Course (B-4) and
Saibaba Colony (B-11) police stations and Coimbatore East sub-division was formed with
Similarly, Saravanampatti (B-9), Peelamedu (B-6) and Singanallur (B-5) police stations.
The existing outpost at Rathnapuri was upgraded into a full-fledged police station
2007
the Coimbatore Rural District Police, was incorporated into B14 Kuniamuthur Police
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Table No. 1
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Figure 1
Police Officers in the rank of Inspector of Police are in charge of most of the
Police Stations. Inspectors are empowered to deal with all kinds of cases reported within
their jurisdiction. The principal duty of the Inspector is to conduct Roll Call and allocation
of duties to SIs and others and to supervise their performance in maintaining law & order,
prevention & detection of crime, upkeep of arms, accoutrements and other Government
property. It is the duty of the Sub Inspector to assign to his subordinates their duties and to
see that they perform them correctly and to take measures for the preservation of peace
and prevention and detection of Crime within the limits of his Station. If more than one
shall work under the orders of the Senior Sub-Inspector. Head Constables are employed in
general duty in Police Stations under the Station House Officer as Station Writers in all
Police Stations, and in charge of Out Posts and Guards, and also in Reserves. Constables
are employed on miscellaneous duties like VIP Escorts, Cash Escorts, Prisoners Escort,
Guard Duty, Station Sentry Duties, Execution of Warrants, Serving of Summons, Beats
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