A Q U I C KI N F O R MATI O N G U I D

Charging
System of an
Engine
Catindig, Alexis
Palma, Nicole
Ritual, Blessy
Donor, Mark Jordan
Dumlao Gideon Ashley
Agenda
KEY TOPICS DISCUSSED IN
THIS PRESENTATION

What is Charging System?

Functions of Charging System
Components of Engine Charging System
Working Principle
Symptoms of Bad and Failing Charging System
What is Charging
System?
The automobile charging system is a set of components
working to keep a charge and provide electrical energy
for the vehicle electrical devices. Modern vehicles are
now designed with many electrical parts which makes
them required a large amount of electrical energy. The
charging system powers the headlights, dashboard
indicators light or warning lamps, fuses, relays, engine
plugs, brainbox, ECU, radio, control screen, fuel injector
system, sensors etc. All these components are
interconnected to the car battery which is charged by the
alternator.
Functions of Charging System
The primary purpose of the charging system is to provide power to all electrical
components in a vehicle.
It comprises alternator that maintains and keep the vehicle’s battery charged.
Charging system supplies electrical current to fire the spark plugs, which ignite the
air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber,
Alternators help to charge dead batteries, while the engine is running.
Charging system help to send the engine mechanical issue to the engines ECU using a
sensing device.
Vehicles electrical components are powered when the engine is not running.
Main Components of Charging System
1 2 3
ALTERNATOR VOLT BATTERRIES REGULATOR
It generates electrical power It is considered as the
to run accessories and in It is the one who controls the reservoir of chemical
recharging the batteries. alternator output. electrical power.

It knows or senses when the It has the main purpose of

It is usually driven by a belt that batteries need to recharge, or cranking the engine. It supplies
is located in the crankshaft when the vehicle electrical needs power to the vehicle
wherein, the mechanical energy increase and adjust the accessories when the electrical
from the crankshaft is alternator. load too great for the alternator
converted by the alternator into alone.
electrical energy that needed
for the batteries and
accessories.
Main Components of Charging System
1 2 3
ALTERNATO V O L TB A T T E R R I E S R E G U L A
R TOR
Other components of charging system
BATTERY
storage of electrical energy
It stores all electrical energy that is generated by thealternatorand thestored electricity is removed
if necessary.

C H GL I G H T S
also known as the charging warning light.
It is an indicator light to show or present failure of the
charging system. When the ignition key is on, it is
normally lights up same as the engine life of this lamp,
but if the CHG lights is dead upon turning on the ignition
key, that is mean the there’s a failure in
charging system.
Other components of charging
system
F U S E A N D F U S I B L EL I N K S
they have the same shape but different functions
Fusible link can be called as the main fuse that is located near the
battery positive terminal. It has the function to protect the entire
system of the vehicle from large amount or currents and it has a
capacity usually of more than 60 Amperes.

The fuse has the function of safety of series of specific electrical wiring.
In the conventional charging system, there are two fuses with the
same capacity(10-15 ampere). A fuse used as the voltage regulator
fuse and the other fuse is used to secure CHG voltage relay
Other components of charging
system
IGNITION KEY
it works as a switch to connect and
disconnect power from the battery to rotor
coil.
The charging system works automatically when the engine is
running but in generating or creating a magnetic field on the
rotor, coil must be done by the switch. When the ignition key is
turned on, electricity from the battery to the coil of rotor will be
connected. But when the ignition key is turned off, power
supply will be cut off. So, it is impossible to generate electricity
in the alternator when the ignition key is off.
Other components of charging
system
REGULATOR
it has the function of regulating the voltage
generated by the alternator.
Voltage generated by the alternator depends on the RPM of
the engine, meaning they are directly proportional to each
other. It has a purpose of keep the voltage generated by the
alternator not exceeds to 14 volts even though the engine run
in high RPM. The voltage setting protects the electrical
component and prevent over voltage.

It has two types, Conventional type and type IC. Conventional

type uses two coils to adjust the alternator output voltage
while IC regulator uses an IC circuit.
Other components of charging
system
ALTERNATOR
it has the function of converting mechanical
energy or partial engine’s rotating energy to
electrical energy or electricity.
The input comes form the engine pulley that is connected
through the help of V belt, and the rotation of the rotor will
cause magnetic force line due to the intersection line with the
stator coil so the electrons will flow to the stator coil.
The electricity in the stator coil is not directly connected to
the battery, but it must pass through the diode bridge to
rectify the current. This is done because the current in the
stator coil is AC (Alternate Current).
Other components of
charging system
CHARGING WIRE
it has the function of connecting every component
in the charging system
It has a two types, standard wire and b +wire. standard wire
has a small diameter like the car’s electrical wiring in general,
the function of this wire is connecting each terminal on the
entire charging system. While the B + wire has a larger
diameter than the standard wire and almost matches the
stater wire. The function of this wire is to connect the terminal
B alternator with Battery.
How
Charging
System
works?
How Charging System
works?
1. A car charging system begins its
working when the starter key is on
the ignition, at the point when the
vehicle’s electrical components rely
on the battery.
How Charging System
works?
2. As soon as the engine begins work,
the Mechanical Energy that the engine
provided will go the Alternator then
generates Electricity to start supplying
power to the components and battery. Engine

belt
Alternator
How Charging System
works?
3. In the Alternator - Then, converts the AC to DC
- Produces Alternating (Direct Current, an electricity that
Current (AC), an electricity flows in one direction), through a
that flows back and forth device called Rectifier.
How Charging System
works?
4. The Voltage Regulator
- After the conversion from AC to
DC in the Alternator, the electricity
will go to the Voltage Regulator, in
order to control and adjust the
current, in order to avoid high
ampere.
 How Charging System
5.works?
Batteries
- Finally, after the regulation, it will
charger the battery and the
Charging System is done. The
battery will power the electrical
devices of the car. Ex. Radio, Lights
etc.
Charging System Diagram
Symptoms of
Bad and Failing
Charging
System
1. DEAD BATTERY
COMMON PROBLEMS IN THE CHARGING SYSTEM O FY O U R CAR ENGINE

A dead battery is one of the most

common symptoms of a
malfunctioning charging system. The
ignition, heaters, windshield wipers,
lights, and entertainment system are
all powered by the batteries in your
vehicle.
2. BAD ALTERNATOR
COMMON PROBLEMS IN THE CHARGING S Y S T E MO F Y O U R CAR ENGINE

- Alternators are usually

dependable, and you may never
need to replace one, but
there are some things that can
gowrong with them and cause
them to
- A faulty
fail. voltage regulator is the
most common of these. When the
alternator generates power, the
voltage regulator withinthe unit
regulates how much of that electricity
is directedto the vehicle's charging
system.
3. WORN OUT OR BROKEN BELT
COMMON PROBLEMS IN THE CHARGING S Y S T E MO F Y O U R CAR ENGINE

-The Alternator belt is a long rubber

belt that transmits power to the
engine's accessories, including the
alternator,power steering pump, air
conditioning compressor, and the water
pump.
-A damaged alternator belt or one that
is so wornthat it slips is another
typical problem that can cause the
charging system to fail.
Any
Questions?
Thank you for
listening!