Solved Paper 2014

Physics
Class-XII
Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 70

General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) There are 29 questions in total. Questions 1 to 8 are very short answer type questions and carry one mark each.
(iii) Questions 9 to 16 carry two marks each, questions 17 to 25 carry three marks each and questions 27 to 29 carry five marks
each.
(iv) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question of two marks, one question of three
marks and all three questions of five marks each. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(v) Question 26 is a value based question carrying four marks.
(vi) Use of calculators is not permitted. However, you may use log tables if necessary.
(vii) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary :

c = 3 × 108 m/s
h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js
e = 1.6 × 10–19 C
mo = 4p × 10–7 T m A–1
1
= 9 × 109 N m2 C–2
4 πε0

me = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
Mass of Neutron = 1.675 × 10–27 kg
Mass of Proton = 1.673 × 10–27 kg

Delhi Set I Code No. 2/1/1

1. Define the term 'mobility' of charge carriers in a 3. For any charge configuration, equipotential
conductor. Write its S.I. unit. 1 surface through a point is normal to the electric
field. Justify.
Ans. Mobility of charge carriers in a conductor is defined
Ans. A surface where the potential is constant is referred
as the magnitude of their drift velocity per unit
to as an equipotential surface. That indicates that
applied electric field. there is no work is involved in moving a charge
Its S.I. unit is m2V–1s–1 along an equipotential surface from one point to
* 2. The carrier wave is given by C(t) = 2 sin (8pt) volt. another. In an equipotential surface, the potential
difference between any two points is also zero.
The modulating signal is a square wave as shown.
That is, the Work done can be given as,
Find modulation index. 1
W = Fs cos θ = 0
Here, F is the electric force and s is the magnitude of
displacement
Now we know that, for a non-zero displacement,
1
m (t) in volt

the cos θ should be equal to zero

That is, cos θ = 0
1 2 Or θ = 90°
t in second
This explains that the force acting on a point charge
on an equipotential surface is vertical.
It is well known that the electric field lines indicate
the direction of the electric force acting on a charge.

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SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

Therefore, we may say that the equipotential → →

the velocity v in a magnetic field B . What is the
surface via a point is normal to the electric field for
any charge arrangement. direction of the magnetic force? 2
4. Two spherical bobs, one metallic and the other of Ans. The Lorentz force can be determined by the
glass, of the same size are allowed to fall freely formula,
from the same height above the ground. Which of F = q(v × B)
the two would reach earlier and why? 1 where q is the charge, v is the velocity and B
Ans. The glass bob will touch the ground before the is the magnetic field density. Lorentz force is
metallic bob. The metallic bob intercepts the earth's Perpendicular to both magnetic field and velocity.
magnetic field as it falls. So, According to Lenz’s The right-hand thumb rule is applicable in
law, the induced current is such that it opposes determining the Lorentz force.
the free falling motion of the metallic bob and it * 8. The figure given below shows the block diagram
experiences an upward force. However, the glass of a generalized communication system. Identify
does not induce any such currents. the element labelled 'X' and write its function. 2
5. Show variation of resistivity of copper as a function
of temperature in a graph.
Ans. The variation of resistivity of copper with
X User
temperature is parabolic in nature. This is shown in
the following graph: Information Transmitter Receiver
Sensor

Message Message
Signal Signal

9. Out of the two magnetic materials, 'A' has relative

permeability slightly greater than unity while
'B' has less than unity. Identify the nature of the
materials 'A' and 'B'. Will their susceptibilities be
positive or negative? 2
6. A convex lens is placed in contact with a planer Ans. In paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials,
mirror. A point object at a distance of 20 cm on the the relative permeability is more than unity;
axis of this combination has its image coinciding in diamagnetic materials, it is less than unity.
with itself. What is the focal length of the lens? Additionally, magnetic susceptibility is positive for
Ans. Object distance, = 20 cm. paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials while
Image distance is also = 20 cm. being negative for diamagnetic materials.
So A: paramagnetic B: Diamagnetic
Susceptibility for A: positive for B: negative
→ ^
10. Give a uniform electric field E = 5 × 10 3 i N/C find
the flux of this field through a square of 10 cm on a
As the image I of the object coincides with O, the
side whose plane is parallel to the YZ plane. What
rays refracted first from the lens and then refracted
would be the flux through the same square if the
by the plane mirror must be retracing their path.
plane makes a 30° angle with the X-axis? 2
It is the condition only when rays refracted by the
convex lens fall normally on the mirror i.e., the Ans. (a) The plane of the square is parallel to the y-z
refracted rays form a beam parallel to principal axis plane. Hence, angle between the unit vector normal
of the lens. to the plane and electric field, θ = 0°
Hence, the object O must be at the focus of the Flux (Φ) through the plane is given by the relation,
convex lens. →
Φ = | E | A cos θ
f = CO = 20 cm.
7. Write the expression, in a vector form, for the = 5 × 103 × 0.01 × cos 0°
→
Lorentz magnetic force F due to a charge moving = 50 N m2/C

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 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

(b) Plane makes an angle of 30° with the x-axis. Hence, Alternatively, ΔV = 0, where ΔV is the change in
angle between the unit vector normal to the plane potential.
and electric field, θ = 60°
→
Flux, Φ = | E | A cos θ
= 5 × 103 × 0.01 × cos 60°
= 25 N m2/C
11. For a single slit of width a, the first minimum of
the interference pattern of a monochromatic light
λ Justification: Conservation of energy
of wavelength l occurs at an angle of . At the
a 14. A capacitor 'C', a variable resistor 'R' and a bulb 'B'
are connected in series to the ac mains in circuit
λ
same angle of , we get a maximum for two as shown. The bulb glows with some brightness.
a
How will the glow of the bulb change if (i) a
narrow slits separated by a distance a. Explain. 3
dielectric slab is introduced between the plates of
Sol. When a single slit is used, the interference pattern
the capacitor, keeping resistance R to be the same;
is due to the diffraction phenomenon. Since,
(ii) the resistance R is increased keeping the same
corresponding wavelets from two halves of a single
capacitance?3
λ
slit have a path difference of ., the overlapping B
2
of their contributions in the first scenario results R
C
in a minimum. Because these wavefronts have
a path difference of λ in the second example, the
overlapping of the wavefronts from the two slits
results in the first maximum.
* 12. Write the truth table for the combination of the
gates shown. Name the gates used. 3

A
~
Mains

Ans. (i) The capacitance of the capacitor will rise as the

dielectric slab is inserted between its of plates. As a
A Y Y
Y result, the capacitor's potential drop will be smaller
B Y’
 Q
OR  V = C  . As a result (since, both are connected in
 
* Identify the logic gates marked 'P' and 'Q' in series), the potential drop across the bulb will rise.
the given circuit. Write the truth table for the Its brightness will consequently rise.
combination.
(ii) The potential drop across the resistor will rise
P as resistance (R) is increased. The potential drop
Q over the bulb will therefore be less (since, both are
connected in series). So, it will become dimmer.
* 15. State the underlying principle of a cyclotron. Write
briefly how this machine is used to accelerate
charged particles to high energies. 3
16. An electric dipole of length 4 cm, when placed
13. State Kirchhoff's rules. Explain briefly how these
with its axis making an angle of 60° with a uniform
rules are justified. 3
Ans. Junction rule: At any junction, the sum of the electric field, experiences a torque of 4 3 Nm.
currents entering the junction is equal to the sum of Calculate the potential energy of the dipole, if its
currents leaving the junction. has charge ± 8 nC.
Alternatively, ξi = 0, where ξi is the total current. Ans. τ = pE sin θ
Justification: Conservation of charge
4 3 = pE sin θ
Loop rule: The algebraic sum of charges in the
potential around a closed loop involving resistors 3
pE = 4 3
and cells in the loop is zero. 2

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SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

So, pE = 8 1  1 1 
= R 2 − 2 
Potential energy of the dipole = – pE cos θ λ 2 3 

U = – pE cos 60
1  5 
U = – 8 × 0.5 = R 
λ  36 
U = – 4J
36
* 17. A proton and a deuteron are accelerated through l=
5R
the same accelerating potential. Which one of the
two has 36
l=
(a) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength associated ( 5 × 1.09 × 107 )
with it, and
= 6.605 × 10–7 m
(b) less momentum?
For Lyman series
Give reasons to justify your Answer. 3
1  1 1 
18. (i) Monochromatic light of frequency 6.0 × 1014 Hz = R 2 − 2 
λ 1 2 
is produced by a laser. The power emitted is 2.0 ×
10–3 W. Estimate the number of photons emitted 1 3
= R 
per second on an average by the source. λ 4
(ii) Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric 4
current versus the intensity of incident radiation l=
3R
on a given photosensitive surface. 3
= 1.285 × 10–7 m
Ans. (i) An energy, E = hv
* 20. When Sunita, a class XII student, came to know
= 6.63 × 10–34 × 6.05 × 1014
that her parents are planning to rent out the top
= 3.98 × 10–19 J floor of their house to a mobile company she
Now,number of photons emitted per second protested. She tried hard to convince her parents
p 10 −3 that this move would be a health hazard.
n= = 2.0 × × 10–19 J
E 3.98 Ultimately her parents agreed: 3
15 (i) In what way can the setting up of transmission
= 5 × 10 photons per second
(ii) tower by a mobile company in a residential colony
prove to be injurious to health?
(ii) By objecting to this move of her parents, What
value of did Sunita display?
(iii) Estimate the range of e.m. waves which can be
transmitted by an antenna of height 20 m. (Given
radius of the earth = 6400 km) 3
* 21. A potentiometer wire of length 1 m has a resistance
of 10 W. It is connected to a 6 V battery in series
19. A 12.5 eV electron beam is used to bombard with a resistance of 5 W. Determine the emf of the
gaseous hydrogen at room temperature. Upto primary cell which gives a balance point at 40 cm.
which energy level the hydrogen atoms would 3
be excited? Calculate the wavelength of the first
22. (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the
member of Lyman and first member of Balmer
formation of a final image by a compound
series.3
microscope at least distance of distinct vision.
Ans. For Hydrogen atom
(ii) The total magnification produced by a compound
The 1st excited energy = E2 – E1 = 10.2 eV microscope is 20. The magnification produced by
The 2nd excited energy = E3 – E1 = 12.09 eV the eye piece is 5. The microscope is focussed on a
The 3rd excited energy = E4 – E1 = 12.75 eV certain object. The distance between the objective
Hence, hydrogen atoms will be excited to 4th energy and eye-piece is observed to be 14 cm. If least
level or 3rd excited state. distance of distinct vision is 20 cm, calculate the
For Balmer series focal length of the objective and the eye piece. 3

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 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

Ans. (i) 24. * (a) Obtain the expression for the energy stored per
unit volume in a charged parallel plate capacitor.
(b) The electric field inside a parallel plate capacitor
is E. Find the amount of work done in moving a
charge q over a closed rectangular loop abcda.5
+ + + + + + + +
a b

d c
– – – – – – – –
OR
(ii) From m = m0 × m e (a) Derive the expression for the capacitance of a
m 20 parallel plate capacitor having plate area A and
m0 = = =4
me 5 plate separation d.
v0 L (b) Two charged spherical conductors of radii R1 and
Now, m0 = = =4 R2 when connected by a conducting wire acquire
u0 f0
charge q1 and q2 respectively. Find the ratio of their
L 14 surface charge densities in terms of their radii.
f0 = = = 3.5 cm
4 4 Ans. (b) W = Force × Displacement
d F = qE
Also, me = 1 + =5
fe As displacement = 0, so work done is also zero.
d OR
=5–1=4
fe (a)

d 20
fe = = = 5 cm
4 4
23. (a) A mobile phone lies along the principal axis of
a concave mirror. Show, with the help of a suitable
diagram, the formation of its image. Explain why
magnification is not uniform.
(b) Suppose the lower half of the concave mirror's
reflecting surface is covered with an opaque
material. What effect this will have on the image
of the object? Explain. 4
Ans. (a) The image of the mobile phone formed by the
concave mirror will be as shown in fig. given below: σ Q
E= =
ε0 Aε0

Qd
\ V = Ed =
Aε0

Q ε A
Capacitance, C= = 0
V d
Since, the object distance for the different parts of (b) When the two charged spherical conductors are
the mobile phone along its length are different, the connected by a conducting wire they acquire the
different parts will be magnified differently. Hence,
same potential.
the magnification is not uniform.
(b) As the laws of reflection are true for all points of Kq1 Kq2
i.e., =
the mirror, the height of the whole image will be R1 R2

produced. However, as the area of the reflecting
surface has been reduced, the image intensity will q1 R1
Þ =
be reduced. In other words, the image produced q2 R2

will be less bright.
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SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

Hence, ratio of surface charge densities, Now, the magnetic field due to solenoid S1 will be
σ1 q / 4 pR12 in the upward direction and the magnetic field due
= 1 to S2 will be in the downward direction (by right-
σ2 q2 / 4 pR22
hand screw rule).
σ1 2 B net = B1 – B2
= q1R2
σ2 q2 R12 = μ0n1I – μ0n2I

= μ0I(n1 – n2)
σ1 R1 R22 R2
= × 2 = (ii) The magnetic field is zero outside a solenoid.
σ2 R2 R1 R1
26. Answer the following: 5
25. (a) State Ampere's circuital law, expressing it in (a) Name the e.m. waves which are suitable for radar
the integral form. systems used in aircraft navigation. Write the
(b) Two long coaxial insulated solenoids, S1 and S2 range of frequency of these waves.
of equal lengths are wound one over the other (b) If the earth did not have atmosphere, would its
as shown in the figure. A steady current "I" flow average surface temperature be higher or lower
through the inner solenoid S1 to the other end B, than what it is now? Explain.
which is connected to the outer solenoid S2 through (c) An e.m. wave exerts pressure on the surface on
which the same current "I" flows in the opposite which it is incident. Justify.
direction so as to come out at end A. If n1 and n2 Ans. (a) Microwaves are suitable for radar systems used
are the number of turns per unit length,s find the in aircraft’s navigation. The range of frequency for
magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field these waves is 109 Hz to 1012 Hz.
at a point (i) inside on the axis and (ii) outside the (b) In the absence of atmosphere, there would be no
combined system. 5 greenhouse effect on the surface of the Earth. As a
result, the temperature of the Earth would decrease
rapidly, making it difficult for human survival.
(c) The momentum transported by electromagnetic
waves is given by
U
p=
c
where U is the energy transported by
electromagnetic waves in a given time and c is
speed of electromagnetic waves in free space. As a
result, when these waves strike a surface, pressure
and hence force is exerted by them on the surface.
Ans. (a) Ampere’s circuital law states that the circulation * 27. (a) Deduce the expression, N = N0e–lt, for the law
of the resultant magnetic field along a closed, plane of radioactive decay.
curve is equal to µ0 times the total current crossing (b) (i) Write symbolically the process expressing the
the area bounded by the closed curve, provided the b+ decay of 22
11Na. Also write the basic nuclear
electric field inside the loop remains constant. process underlying this decay.
(ii) If the nucleus formed in the decay of the
nucleus 22
11Na, and isotope or isobar? 5
28. (a) (i) 'Two independent mono-chromatic sources
of light cannot produce a sustained interfer-
ence pattern'. Give reason
(ii) Light wave each of amplitude 'a' and frequency
In the above illustration, the Ampere’s circuital law 'w', emanating from two coherent light sources
can be written as follows: superpose at a point. If the displacements due
to these wave is given by y1 = a cos wt and
∫ B → .dl → = μ0i where i = i1 − i2 y2 = a cos(wt + f) where f is the phase
(b) (i) The magnetic field due to a current carrying difference between the two, obtain the
solenoid: expression for the resultant intensity at the
B = μ0ni point.
where, n = number of turns per unit length, (b) In Young's double slit experiment, using
i = current through the solenoid. monochromatic light of wavelength l, the intensity
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 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

of light at a point on the screen where path Then, equation (i) becomes
difference is l, is K units. Find out the intensity of  φ
λ y = A cos  ωt + 
light at a point where path difference is . 5  2
3
Now, we have:
OR φ
A2 = 4 a 2 cos2   ...(iii)
* (a) How does one demonstrate, using a suitable 2
diagram, that unpolarised light when passed
Then intensity of light is directly proportional to the
through a polaroid gets polarized?
square of the amplitude of the wave. The intensity
(b) A beam of unpolarised light is incident on a of light at point on the screen is given by
glass-air interface. Show, using a suitable ray φ
diagram, that light reflected from the interface is I = 4 a 2 cos2
2
totally polarised, when m = tan iB, where m is the
φ
refractive index of glass with respect to air and iB (b) Intensity I = 4 I 0 cos2
is the Brewster's angle. 2
Ans. (a) (i) The condition for the sustained interference When path difference is l, phase difference is 2p
is that both the sources must be coherent (i.e., they I = 4I0 cos2 p
must have the same wavelength and the same = 4I0 = k(given)
frequency, and they must have the same phase or λ
When path difference, D = , the phase difference
constant phase difference). 3
Two sources are monochromatic if they have the 2π
f1 = ∆
same frequency and wavelength. Since, they are λ
independent, i.e., they have different phases with
2π λ 2≠
irregular difference, they are not coherent sources. = × =
λ 3 3
2p
I1 = 4 I 0 .cos2
3
 (since k = 4I0)
2p 2
= k cos
3
2
 1
= k ×  − 
 2
1
= k
4
Let the displacement of the waves from the sources
29. (a) Describe a simple experiment (or activity) to
S1 and S2 at point P on the screen at any time t be
show that the polarity of emf induced in a coil
given by:
is always such that it tends to produce a current
y1 = a cos wt which opposes the change of magnetic flux that
and y2 = a cos (wt + f) produces it.
Where, f is the constant phase difference between (b) The current flowing through an inductor of self
the two waves. inductance L is continuously increasing. Plot a
graph showing the variation.
By the superposition principle, the resultant
(i) Magnetic flux versus the current
displacement at point P is given by:
dI
y = y1 + y 2 (ii) Induced emf versus
dt
y = a cos wt + a cos (wt + f)
(iii) Magnetic potential energy stored versus the
  ωt + ωt + φ   ωt − ωt − φ   current.5
y = 2 a cos   cos  
  2   2  OR
(a) Draw a schematic sketch of an ac generator
 φ φ describing its basic elements. State briefly its
y = 2 a cos  ωt +  cos   ...(i)
 2  2 working principle. Show a plot of variation of
(i) Magnetic flux and
φ
Let 2 a cos   = A...(ii) (ii) Alternating emf versus time generated by a
2
loop of wire rotating in a magnetic field.

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SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

Ans. (a) Lenz’s law: According to Lenz’s law, the polarity (ii) Induced emf,
of the induced emf is such that it opposes a change −dφ d( LI )
e= = −
in magnetic flux responsible for its production. dt dt
 dI 
i.e., e = −L  
 dt 

S N
N S

S N
N S

When the north pole of a bar magnet is pushed

towards the coil, the amount of magnetic flux
linked with the coil increase. Current is reduced
in the coil from a direction such that it opposes the
increase in magnetic flux. This is possible only when
the current induced in the coil is in anti-clockwise
direction, with respect to an observer. The magnetic (iii) Since, magnetic potential energy is given by
moment M associated with this induced emf 1 2
has north polarity, towards the north pole of the U= LI
2
approaching bar magnet.
Similarly, when the north pole of the bar magnet is
moved away from the coil, the magnetic flux linked
with the coil decreases. To counter this decrease
in magnetic flux, current is induced in the coil in
clockwise direction so that its south pole faces
the receding north pole of the bar magnet. This
would result in an attractive force which opposes
the motion of the magnet and the corresponding
decrease in magnetic flux
OR
(b) (i) Since, f = LI
(a)
where, I = strength of current through the coil at
any time
f = Amount of magnetic flux linked
with all turns of the coil at that time and,
L = Constant of proportionally called coefficient of
self induction.
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

It works on the process of electromagnetic induction, * (c) With the help of necessary circuit diagram, describe
i.e., when a coil rotates continuously in a magnetic briefly how n-p-n transistor in CE configuration
field, the effective area of the coil, linked (normally) amplifies a small sinusoidal input voltage. Write
with the magnetic field lines, changes continuously the expression for the ac current gain.
with time. This variation of magnetic flux with time Ans. (a) As we know that n-type semi-conductor has
results in the production of a (alternating) emf in more concentration of electrons than that of a hole
the coil.
and p-type semi-conductor has more concentration
(i) Magnetic flux versus time
of holes than an electron. Due to the difference in
concentration of charge carriers in the two regions
of p-n junction, the holes diffuse from p-side to
//-side and electrons diffuse from n-side to p-side.
When an electron diffuses from n to p, it leaves
behind an ionized donor on n-side. The ionized
donor (+ve charge) is immobile as it is bounded
by the surrounding atoms. Therefore, a layer of
positive charge is developed on the n-side of the
junction. Similarly, a layer of negative charge is
(ii) Alternating emf versus time developed on the p-side.
e = NABw sin wt = e0 sin wt
The graph between alternating emf versus time is
shown below:

Hence, a space-charge region is formed on both

side of the junction, which has immobile ions and
is devoid of any charge carrier, called as depletion
layer or depletion region.
(b)

(b) A choke coil is an electrical appliance used for

controlling current in an a.c. circuit. Therefore, if
we use a resistance R for the same purpose, a lot of
energy would be wasted in the form of heat etc.
30. (a) State briefly the processes involved in the
formation of p-n junction explaining clearly how
the depletion region is formed.
(b) Using the necessary circuit diagram, show how the
V-I characteristics of a p-n junction are obtained in
(i) Forward biasing
(ii) Reverse biasing
How are these characteristics made use or in
rectification?5
OR
* (a) Differentiate between three segments of a Using the circuit arrangements shown in fig (a)
transistor on the basis of their size and level of and fig (b), we study the variation of current with
doping. applied voltage to obtain the V-I characteristics
* (b) How is a transistor biased to be in active state? shown below.

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SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

(c)
From the V-I characteristics of a junction diode, it is
clear that it allows the current to pass only when it
is forward biased. So when an alternating voltage is
applied across the diode, current flows only during
that part of the cycle when it is forward biased.

Delhi Set II Code No. 2/1/2

Note : Except for the following questions, all the → ^
16. Given a uniform electric field E = 2 × 10 3 i N/C.
remaining questions have been asked in
previous set. Find the flux of this field through a square of side
20 cm, whose plane is parallel to the Y-Z plane.
1. Define the term 'electrical conductivity' of a
What would be the flux through the same square,
metallic wire. Write its S.I. unit.
if the plane makes an angle of 30° with the X-axis?
Ans. The electrical conductivity of a metallic wire is 3
defined as the ratio of the current density to the
Ans. (a) The plane of the square is parallel to the y-z
electric field it creates.
plane. Hence, angle between the unit vector normal
Electrical conductivity, σ = JE to the plane and electric field, θ = 0°
S.I. unit = (ohm m)–1 Flux (Φ) through the plane is given by the relation,
OR →
Φ = | E | A cos θ
The reciprocal of resistivity of a material is called its
electrical conductivity. = 2 × 103 × 0.04 × cos 0°
* 2. The carrier wave is represented by C(t) = 5 sin = 80 N m2/C
(10pt) volt. A modulating signal is a square wave (b) Plane makes an angle of 30° with the x-axis. Hence,
as shown. Determine modulation index. 1 angle between the unit vector normal to the plane
10. An electric dipole of length 2 cm, when placed and electric field, θ = 60°
with its axis making an angle of 60° with a uniform →
Flux, Φ = | E | A cos θ
electric field, experiences a torque of 8 3 Nm.
Calculate the potential energy of the dipole, if it = 2 × 103 × 0.04 × cos 60°
has a charge of ±4 nC. 2 = 40 N m2/C
Ans. τ = pE sin θ 20. A 12.9 eV beam of electronic is used to bombard
gaseous hydrogen at room temperature.
8 3 = pE sin θ
Upto which energy level the hydrogen atoms
3 would be excited? Calculate the wavelength of the
pE = 8 3
2 first member of Paschen series and first member of
Balmer series. 3
So, pE = 16 th
Ans. Energy of the electron in the n state of an atom
Potential energy of the dipole
Here, Z is the atomic number of the atom.
= – pE cos θ
For hydrogen atom, Z = 1
U = – pE cos 60 Energy required to excite an atom from initial state
U = – 16 × 0.5 (ni) to final state (nf),
U = – 8J  1 1 
* 15. A proton and an alpha particle are accelerated E = −13.6  2 − 2  eV
 n f ni 
through the same potential? Which one of the  
two has (i) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength −13.6 13.6
associated with it and (ii) less kinetic energy. Give ⇒ + = 12.9
n 2f ni2
reason to justify your answer. 3

* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

This energy must be equal to or less than the energy (c) Why is the amount of the momentum transferred
of the incident electron beam. by the e.m. waves incident on the surface so small?
13.6 Ans. (a) Gamma rays are used for the treatment of certain
⇒ 13.6 – 12.9 = 2 [Q n' = 1] 19
nf forms of cancer. Their frequency range is 3 × 10
 20
Hz to 5 × 10 Hz.
⇒ nf = 4.4
(b) The thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere absorb
State cannot be a fraction number.
most of the harmful ultraviolet rays coming from
⇒ nf = 4
the Sun towards the Earth. They include UVA, UVB
Hence, the hydrogen atom would be excited up to and UVC radiations, which can destroy the life
4th energy level. system on the Earth. Hence, this layer is crucial for
Rydberg's formula for the spectrum of the hydrogen human survival.
atom is given by:
(c) The momentum transported by electromagnetic
1  1 1  waves is given by
= R 2 − 2 
λ n n 
 1 2  U hv
p= =
Here, l is the wavelength c c
Rydberg's canstant, R = 1.097 × 107 m–1 where U is the energy transported by electro-
For the first member of the Paschen series magnetic waves in a given time and c is speed of
1  1 1  electromagnetic waves in free space.
= 1.097 × 107  2 − 2 
λ 3 4  Now, h = 6.62 × 10–34 J s, c = 3 × 108 m s–1
l = 18752.4 Å Therefore, even for g-rays (n ≈ 1020 Hz),
For the first member of Balmer series 6.62 × 10 −34 × 10 20
n1 = 2, n2 = 3 p=
3 × 10 8
1  1 1 
= 1.097 × 107  2 − 2  = 2.2 × 10–22 kg m s–1
λ 2 3 
Thus, the amount of the momentum transferred by
l = 6563.3 Å the e.m. waves incident on a surface is very small.
22. Answer the following: 3
* 24. A potentiometer wire of length 1.0 m has a
(a) Name the e.m. waves which are used for the
resistance of 15 W. It is connected to a 5 V battery
treatment of certain forms of cancer. Write their
frequency range. in series with a resistance of 5 W. Determine the
emf of the primary cell which gives a balance point
(b) Thin ozone layer on top of stratosphere is crucial
at 60 cm. 5
for human survival. Why?

Delhi Set III Code No. 2/1/2

Note : Except for the following questions, all the A is the area of the conductor,
remaining questions have been asked in e is the charge of the electron.
previous set.
* 2. The carrier wave of a signal is given by C(t) = 3 sin
1. Define the term 'drift velocity' of charge carriers
(8pt) volt. The modulating signal is a square wave
in a conductor and write its relationship with the
as shown. Find its modulation index. 1
current flowing through it. 1
Ans. The net speed achieved by an electron in a current
carrying conductor is called as drift velocity. The
average velocity acquired by the free electrons 2
m (t) in volt

along the length of a metallic conductor under a

potential difference applied across the conductor is
1 2
called drift velocity of the electrons. t in second
I
vd =
neA
Here:
I is the current flowing through the conductor. 4. Plot a graph showing variation of current versus
n is the number density of an electron. voltage for the material Ga. 1

* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

Ans. Current-Voltage characteristics graph for Ga: 20. A 12.3 eV electron beam is used to bombard
gaseous hydrogen at room temperature. Upto
which energy level the hydrogen atoms would be
excited? Calculate the wavelength of the second
member of Lyman series and second member of
Balmer series.
Ans. Let the hydrogen atoms be excited to nth energy
level.
 1 1 
E = – 13.6  2 − 2  [Q ni = 1]
 n f ni 
 
 1 1 
⇒ 12.3 =  2 − 2 
1 n 
9. An electric dipole of length 2 cm, when placed 13.6
with its axis making an angle of 60° with a uniform ⇒ 12.3 = 13.6 −
n2
electric field, experiences torque of 6 3 Nm.
13.6
Calculate the potential energy of the dipole, if it ⇒ = 13.6 – 12.3 = 1.3
has a charge of ±2 nC.1 n2
Ans. τ = pE sin θ 13.6
⇒ n2 =
6 3 = pE sin θ 1.3

3 ⇒ n ≈3
pE = 6 3 The formula for calculating the wavelength of
2
Lyman series is given below:
So, pE = 12
1  1 1 
Potential energy of the dipole = – pE cos θ = R 2 − 2 
U = – pE cos 60° λ 1 n 
U = – 12 × 0.5 For second member of Lyman series, n = 3
U = – 6J 1  1 
* 12. A deuteron and an alpha particle are accelerated \ = R1 − 2 
λ  3 
with the same accelerating potential. 3
Which one of the two has 1 8
⇒ = (1.09737 × 107 )  
(i) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength, associated λ 9
with it, and
(ii) less kinetic energy? Explain. ⇒ l = 1025.1 Å
→ ^
The formula for calculating the wavelength of
15. Given a uniform electric field E = 4 × 10 3 i N/C. Balmer series is given below:
Find the flux of this field through a square of 5 cm 1 1 1 
on a side whose plane is parallel to the Y-Z plane. \ = R − 2 
λ 4 n 
What would be the flux through the same square,
if the plane makes an angle of 30° with the X-axis? For second member of Balmer series:
3 n =4
Ans. (a) The plane of the square is parallel to the y-z 1 1 1 
plane. Hence, angle between the unit vector normal \ = R − 2 
λ 4 4 
to the plane and electric field, θ = 0°
Flux (Φ) through the plane is given by the relation, 1  3 
→
⇒ = (1.09737 × 107 )  
λ  16 
Φ = | E | A cos θ
⇒ l = 4861 Å
= 4 × 103 × 0.25 × cos 0°
= 10 N m2/C 24. Answer the following:
(b) Plane makes an angle of 30° with the x-axis. Hence, (a) Name the em waves which are used for the
angle between the unit vector normal to the plane treatment of certain form of cancer. Write their
and electric field, θ = 60° frequency range.
→ (b) Welders wear special glass goggles while working.
Flux, Φ = | E | A cos θ Why? Explain.
= 4 × 103 × 0.25 × cos 60° (c) Why are infrared waves often called as heat waves?
= 5 N m2/C Give their one application.
* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

Ans. (a) Gamma rays are used for the treatment of certain (c) Infrared waves are often called as heat waves
forms of cancer. The frequency range of Gamma because they induce resonance in molecules and
19 20
rays is 3 × 10 to 5 × 10 Hz. increase internal energy in a substance. Infrared
(b) Welders wear special glass goggles while working waves are used in burglar alarms, security lights
so that they can protect their eyes from harmful and remote controls for television and DVD players.
electromagnetic radiation.

Outside Delhi Set I Code No. 2/1/1

1. Using the concept of force between two infinitely 6. Why is it found experimentally difficult to detect
long parallel current carrying conductors, define neutrinos in nuclear b-decay?1
one ampere of current. 1 Ans. The neutrinos are uncharged particles which have
Ans. One Ampere current can be defined as the amount almost negligible mass and they interact weakly
of current flowing through two infinitely low with matter. Therefore, it is difficult to detect them
parallel thin wires kept in vacuum separated by one in b-decay.
–7 7. Why is the use of A.C. voltage preferred over D.C.
metre which produces an attractive force of 2 × 10
N/m. voltage ? Give two reasons 1
2. To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum Ans. Two reasons to use A.C. voltage over D.C. are:
does a wave of frequency 5 × 1019 Hz belong? (a) AC power can be easily step up or step down using
a transformer.
Ans. A wave of frequency 5 ×1019 Hz will belong to
(b) Electricity that is coming to our homes is AC because
Gamma/X Rays region.
it comes from a faraway power generation plant so
3. What is the force between two small charges of the loss of energy during transmission is very less in
2 × 10–7 C and 3 × 10–7 C placed 30 cm apart in air? the case of AC power than DC power.
kq1q2 8. A biconvex lens made of a transparent material
Ans. F=
r2 of refractive index 1.25 is immersed in water of
refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a
9 × 10 9 × 2 × 10 −7 × 3 × 10 −7
= converging or a diverging lens? Give reason. 1
( 30 × 10 −2 )2
Ans. The biconvex lens will now behave as a diverging
= 6 × 10–3 N lens as the refractive index of water(1.33) is more
4. Define intensity of radiation on the basis of photon than the refractive index of the material(1.25) of the
picture of light. Write its S.I. unit. 1 lens.
Ans. Intensity of radiation is defined as the energy 9. Using Rutherford model of the atom, derive the
expression for the total energy of the electron in
transmitted to a surface per unit area per unit time
hydrogen atom. What is the significance of total
by the photons striking on the surface. SI Unit:
negative energy possessed by the electron? 2
W J
2
or 2
OR
m m sec
Using Bohr's postulates of the atomic model,
5. The electric current flowing in a wire in the derive the expression for radius of nth electron
direction from B to A is decreasing. Find out the orbit. Hence, obtain the expression for Bohr's
direction of the induced current in the metallic radius.
loop kept above the wire as shown. 1 Ans. According to Rutherford,
mv 2 1 Ze 2
=
r 4 πε0 r 2

1 Ze 2
mv2 =
4 πε0 r
Total energy = P.E. + K.E.
A B
1 Ze 2 1 Ze 2
Ans. The magnetic field due to the wire in the coil in = − +
going into the paper. So, according to Lenz’s Law, 4 πε0 r 8 πε0 r
if magnetic field going inside is decreasing as the 1 Ze 2
current is decreasing, the direction current in the = −
8 πε0 r
loop should be such that the magnetic field into the
paper increases. Therefore, the current should be in The negative sign shows that electron-nucleus form
clockwise direction. an abound system.
SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

OR Ans. The circuit diagram for a p-n junction diode as a

According to Bohr’s model, electrons revolve around half wave rectifier is shown below:
the orbits such that their angular momentum is an
h
integral multiple of
2p
nh
mvr =
2p

mv 2 1 Ze 2
=
r 4 πε0 r 2
During the positive half cycle of the input a.c., the
ε0 n2 h 2 p-n junction is forward biased i.e., the forward
r=
πZe 2 m current flows from p to n. In the forward biasing,
* 10. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance C is the diode provides a very low resistance and allows
charged to a potential V. It is then connected to the current to flow. Thus, we get output across load.
another uncharged capacitor having the same During the negative half cycle of the input a.c.,
capacitance. Find out the ratio of the energy stored the p-n junction is reversed biased. In the reverse
in the combined system to that stored initially in biasing, the diode provides a high resistance and
the single capacitor. 2 hence a very small amount of current will flow
11. Considering the case of a parallel plate capacitor through the diode which is of negligible amount.
being charged, show how one is required to Thus, no output is obtained across the load. During
generalize Ampere's circuital law to include the the next half cycle, output is again obtained as the
term due to displacement current. 2
junction diode gets forward biased. Thus, a half
Ans. An insulator occupies the space in between the
wave rectifier gives discontinuous and pulsating
capacitor. As a result, there is no actual charge
d.c. output across the load resistance.
transfer in this area. During the process of charging
a capacitor, current moves through the circuit. 14. Estimate the average drift speed of conduction
This necessitates the presence of a magnetic field- electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area
–7 2
generating displacement current in the capacitor. 1.0 × 10 m carrying a current of 1.5 A. Assume
12. A cell of emf 'E' and internal resistance 'r' is the density of conduction electrons to be 9 × 1028
–3
connected across a variable resistor 'R'. Plot a m .2
graph showing variation of terminal voltage 'V' of I
the cell versus the current 'I'. Using the plot, show Ans. vd = , where
nAq
how the emf of the cell and its internal resistance
can be determined. I is the current
Ans. The relation between V and I is given by: n is charge density
V = E – Ir q is the charge of electron and
Thus the graph between I and V is as shown in A is the cross sectional area
figure below.
1.5
Emf is given by the intercept on the vertical axis, vd =
9 × 10 28 × 1.0 × 10 −7 × 1.6 × 10 −19
i.e., the V-axis.
Internal resistance is given by the slope of the line vd =10.4 × 10–4 m/sec
i.e., slope of V vs I graph. 15. Two monochromatic rays light are incident
normally on the face AB of an isosceles right-
angled prism ABC. The refractive indices of
the glass prism for the two rays '1' and '2' are
respectively 1.35 and 1.45. Trace the path of these
rays after entering through the prism. 2
A

‘1’ 45°

‘2’
13. Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the
working of a p-n junction diode as a half-wave
45°
rectifier.2
B C
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 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

Ans. Critical angle of ray '1': Their differing relative permeabilities account for
1 1 this distinguishing feature. When a diamagnetic
sin (c1) = = substance has a relative permeability that is less
m1 1.35
than 1, the magnetic lines of force do not prefer to
 1  pass through the substance. On the other hand,
c1 = arc sin   = 47.79°
 1.35  when a paramagnetic substance has a relative
permeability that is greater than 1, the magnetic
Similarly, critical angle of ray '2':
lines of force prefer to pass through the substance.
1 1
sin (c2) = = * 18. Draw a circuit diagram of n-p-n transistor amplifier
m2 1.45 in CE configuration. Under what condition does
 1  the transistor act as an amplifier? 2
c2 = sin −1   = 43.6° * 19. (a) Using the phenomenon of polarization, show
 1.45 
how transverse nature of light can be demonstrated.
(b) Two polaroids P1 and P2 are placed with their pass
axes perpendicular to each other. Unpolarised light
of intensity I0 is incident on P1. A third polaroid P3
is kept in between P1 and P2 such that its pass axis
makes an angle of 30° with that of P1. Deterime the
intensity of light transmitted through P1, P2 and
P3.3
20. Define the term 'mutual inductance' between the
two coils.
Obtain the expression for mutual inductance of a
pair of long coaxial solenoids each of length l and
Ray '1' and '2' will fall on the side AC at an angle of radii r1 and r2 (r2 >> r1). Total number of turns in
incidence (i) of 45°. Critical angle of ray '1' is greater the two solenoids are (N1 and N2) respectively. 3
than i, so it will get refracted from the prism. Critical Ans. Mutual inductance of two coils is equal to the e.m.f.
angle of ray '2' is less than that of i, so it will undergo induced in one coil when rate of change of current
total internal reflection. through the other coil is unity.
* 16. Write the functions of the following in
communication systems: 2
(i) Transducer
(ii) Repeater
17. Show diagrammatically the behaviour of magnetic
field lines in the presence of (i) paramagnetic and Mutual inductance of two co-axial solenoids :
(ii) diamagnetic substances. How does one explain Consider two long co-axial solenoid each of length
this distinguishing feature? 2 l with number of turns N1 and N2 wound one
Ans. (i) The behaviour of magnetic field lines in the over the other. Number of turns per unit length
presence of a para magnetic substance is shown N
below: in solenoid, n = 1 . If I1 is the current flowing
l
in primary solenoid, the magnetic field produced
within this solenoid.
m NI
B1 = 0 1 1
l
The flux linked with each turn of inner solenoid coil
is
φ2 = N2φ
(ii) The behavior of magnetic field lines in the presence = N2B1A2
of a diamagnetic substance is shown below: µ N I 
= N 2  0 1 1  A2
 l 
Mutual Inductance,
µ N N 
M21 =  0 1 2  A2
 l 
If n1 is number of turns per unit length of outer
solenoid and r2 is radius of inner solenoid, then
M = μ0n1N2πr22
* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

* 21. Answer the following: 3 1 1 1

(a) Why are the connections between the resistors in a + =
v u f
meter bridge made of thick copper strips?
(b) Why is it generally preferred to obtain the balance Here, u = 15 cm
point in the middle of the meter bridge wire? R
and, f= = 10 cm
(c) Which material is used for the meter bridge wire 2
and why?
1 1 1
OR = −
v f u
A resistance of R W draws current from a
potentiometer as shown in the figure. The v = 30 cm
potentiometer has a total resistance R0 W. A Hence, the final virtual image is formed at a distance
voltage V is supplied to the potentiometer. 30 cm from the convex mirror.
Derive an expression for the voltage across R
* 23. A voltage V = V0 sin wt is applied to a series LCR
when the sliding contact is in the middle of the
potentiometer. circuit. Derive the expression for the average power
V dissipated over a cycle. Under what condition is
(i) no power dissipated even through the current
R0 flows through the circuit, (ii) maximum power
A C dissipated in the circuit? 3
24. Write any two distinguishing features between
conductors, semiconductors and insulators on the
R basis of energy band diagrams. 3
Ans. Conductors:
22. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed In case of conductors, the valence band is
coaxially with a convex mirror of radius of completely filled and the conduction band can
curvature 20 cm. The two are kept at 15 cm apart have two cases-either it is partially filled with an
from each other. A point object lies 60 cm in front extremely small energy gap between the valence
of the convex lens. Draw a ray diagram to show and conduction bands or it is empty, with the two
the formation of the image by the combination. bands overlapping each other as shown below:
Determine the nature and position of the image
formed.3
Ans. u = – 60 cm and f = 20 cm
From the lens formula, we have:
1 1 1
− =
v u f

1 1 1 Even when a small current is applied, conductors

= + can conduct electricity.
v f u
Insulators: In case of insulators, the energy gap
1 1 between the conduction and valence bands is very
= +
20 −60 large and the conduction band is practically empty.
3−1 2 1
= = =
60 60 30
v = +30 cm
The positive sign indicates that the image is formed
at the right of the lens.

When an electric field is applied to a semiconductor,

the electrons in the valence band find it relatively
easier to jump to the conduction band. So, the
conductivity of semiconductors lies between the
conductivity of conductors and insulators.
Semiconductors: In case of semiconductor, the
The image I1 is formed behind the mirror and acts energy band structure of semiconductors is similar
as a virtual oject for the mirror. The convex mirror to insulators, But in this case, the size of forbidden
forms the image I2 , whose distance from the mirror energy gap is quite smaller than that of the
can be determined as: insulators.
* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

(b) Consider two hollow concentric spheres, S1 and

S2, enclosing charges 2Q and 4Q respectively as
shown in the figure.
(i) Find out the ratio of the electric flux through
them.
(ii) how will the electric flux through the sphere
S1 change if a medium of dielectric constant
When an electric field is applied to a semiconductor, 'er', 'er', is introduced in the space inside S1 in
the electrons in the valence band find it relatively place of air?
easier to jump to the conduction band. So, the Deduce the necessary expression.
conductivity of semiconductors lies between the
conductivity of conductors and insulators. 4Q
25. For the past some time, Arti had been observing
some erratic body movement, unsteadiness and
lack of coordination in the activities of her sister S2
Radha, who also used to complain of severe 2Q
headache occasionally. Aarti suggested to her
parents to get a medical check-up of Radha. The S1
doctor thoroughly examined Radha and diagnosed
that she has a brain tumour. 3
(a) What, according to you, are the values displayed Ans. OR
by Aarti? (a) Consider an electric dipole consisting of charges –q
(b) How can radioisotopes help a doctor to diagnose and +q and of length 2a placed in a uniform electric
brain tumour? →
field E making an angle q with electric field.
Ans. (a) Aarti has showed awareness and responsibility
→ →
towards her sister.
Force on charge – q at A = − q E( opposite to E )
(b) A little amount of radioisotope like radio iodine
is inserted into the body along with organic dyes → →
which are absorbed strongly by the tumor tissue Force on charge +q at B = + q E( along E )
than the normal tissues. By detecting the emitted Electric dipole is under the action of two equal and
radiation, the radiologist get information about the unlike parallel force, which give rise to a torque on
size and location of the tumor. the dipole.
* 26. Write two basic modes of communication. Explain
t = Force × Perpendicular distance
the process of amplitude modulation. Draw
a schematic sketch showing how amplitude between the two forces
modulated signal is obtained by superposing a t = qE(AN) = qE(2a sin q)
modulating signal over a sinusoidal carrier wave. t = pE sin q[Q 2qa = P]
→ → →
3
τ = p ×E
* 27. An electron microscope uses electrons accelerated
by a voltage of 50 kV. Determine the de-Broglie (b) (i) Charge enclosed by sphere S1 = 2Q
wavelength associated with the electrons. Taking By Gauss' law, electric flux through sphere S1 is
other factors, such as numerical aperture etc., to be 2Q
same how does the resolving power of an electron f1 =
ε0
microscope compare with that of an optical
microscope which used yellow light? Charge enclosed by sphere S2 is
* 28. Draw a labelled diagram of Van de Graff Q' = 2Q + 4Q = 6Q
generator. State its working principle to show how Electric flux through sphere S2 is
by introducing a small charged sphere into larger
sphere, large amount of charge can be transferred 6Q
\ f2 =
to the outer sphere. State the use of this machine ε0
and also point out its limitations. 5 The ratio of the electric flux is
OR
2Q
* (a) Deduce the expression for the torque acting on a φ1 ε
→ 2 1
= 0 = =
dipole of dipole moment p in the presence of a φ2 6 Q 6 3

→ ε0
uniform electric field E .
* Out of Syllabus
SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

(ii) For sphere S1, the electric flux is (b) Two wavelength s of sodium light of 590 nm and
2Q 596 nm are used in turn to study the diffraction
f' = taking place at a single slit of aperture 2 × 10–6
εr
m. The distance between the slit and the screen is
φ' ε 1.5 m. Calculate the separation between the
\ = 0
φ1 εr positions of first maxima of the diffraction pattern
ε0 obtained in the two cases.
⇒ f' = φ1 × * 30. (a) Deduce an expression for the frequency of
εr
revolution of a charged particle in a magnetic
Q er > e0 field and show that it is independent of velocity or
\ f' < f1 energy of the particle.
* 29. (a) In Young's double slit experiment, describe (b) Draw a schematic sketch of a cyclotron. Explain,
briefly how bright and dark fringes are obtained
giving the essential details of its construction, how
on the screen kept in front of a double slit. hence
it is used accelerate the charged particles. 5
obtain the expression for the fringe width.
OR
(b) The ratio of the intensities at minima to the
maxima in the Young's double slit experiment is (a) Draw a labelled diagram of a moving coil
9 : 25. Find the ratio of the widths of the two slits. galvanometer. Describe briefly its principle and
5 working.
OR (b) Answer the following:
(a) Describe briefly how a diffraction pattern is (i) Why is it necessary to introduce a cylindrical
obtained on a screen due to a single narrow slit soft iron core inside the coil of a galvanometer.
illuminated by a monochromatic source of light. (ii) Increasing the current sensitivity of a
Hence obtain the conditions for the angular width galvanometer may not necessarily increase its
of secondary maxima and secondary minima. voltage sensitivity. Explain, giving reason.

Outside Delhi Set II Code No. 2/1/2

Note : Except for the following questions, all the Ans. The biconvex lens will now behave as a converging
remaining questions have been asked in lens as the refractive index of water(1.33) is less than
previous set. the refractive index of the material(1.5) of the lens.
1. A conducting loop is held above a current carrying 7. To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum
wire 'PQ' as shown in the figure. Depict the does a wave of frequency 3 × 1013 Hz belong?
direction of the current induced in the loop when Ans. It belongs to the infrared region.
the current in the wire PQ is constantly increasing.
9. Estimate the average drift speed of conduction
1
electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area
–7 2
2.5 × 10 m carrying a current of 1.8 A. Assume
the density of conduction electrons to be 9 × 1028
m–3.2
Ans. Given: Current (l) = 1.8 A
Charge density (n) = 9 × 1028 m–3
P Q
Cross-section area (A) = 2.5 × 10–7 m2
Ans. The magnetic field due to the wire in the coil in Charge of electron (q) = 1.6 × 10–19 C
going into the paper. So, according to Lenz’s Law,
I
if magnetic field going inside is increasing as the vd = .
current is increasing, the direction current in the nAq
loop should be such that the magnetic field into the 1.8
paper decreases. Therefore, the current should be =
in anti-clockwise direction. 9 × 10 28 × 2.5 × 10 −7 × 1.6 × 10 −19
4. Why do the electrostatic field lines not form closed = 0.0005 m/s
loops? = 0.5 mm s–1
Ans. Since the electrostatic field is conservative in nature, * 13. Write the function of the following in
electrostatic field lines do not form closed loops. communication systems: 3
5. A biconvex lens made of a transparent material (i) Transmitter
of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in water of (ii) Modulator
refractive index 1.5 is immersed in water of * 21. (a) Show with the help of a diagram, how
refractive index 1.33. Will the lens behave as a unpolarised sunlight gets polarised due to
converging or a diverging lens? Give reason. 1 scattering.
* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

(b) Two polaroids P1 and P2 are placed with their pass 1 2

= LI 0
axes perpendicular to each other. Unpolarised light 2
of intensity I0 is incident on P1. A third polaroid P3
Hence, this work done is stored as the magnetic
is kept in between P1 and P2 such that its pass axis
potential energy U in the inductor
makes an angle of 45° with that of P1. Determine
1 2
the intensity of light transmitted through P1, P2 U= LI
2
and P3.
22. Define the term self-inductance of a solenoid. 24. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed
Obtain the expression for the magnetic energy coaxially with a concave mirror of focal length
stored in an inductor of self-inductance I to build 10 cm at a distance of 50 apart from each other. A
up a current I through it. 3 beam of light coming parallel to the principal axis
Ans. The ratio of magnetic flux through the solenoid is incident on the convex lens. Find the position
to the current passing through it is called self- of the final image formed by this combination.
inductance of a solenoid. It is given by Draw the ray diagram showing the formation of
the image. 5
φ
L= Ans. The beem incident on lens L is parallel to principal
I
axis. Hence, the lens forms an image I1 at its focus,
i.e., at a distanec OI1 = 20 cm from the lens.

Energy stored in an inductor: When a current grows

through an inductor, a back e.m.f. is set up which
opposes the growth of current. So work needs to The image I1 is formed in front of mirror and hence,
be done against back e.m.f. (e) in building up the acts as a real source for the mirror. The concave
current. This work done is stored as magnetic mirror forms the image I2, whose distance from the
potential energy. mirror can be calculated as,
Let I be the current through the inductor L at any 1 1 1
dI + =
instant t. The current rises at the rate . So the v u f
dt
Here: u = – 30 cm, and f = – 10 cm
induced e.m.f. is
1 1 1
−LdI ⇒ = −
e= v f u
dt
1 1 1
The work done against induced e.m.f. in dt is ⇒ = − +
v 10 30
dW = Pdt
1 1−3 2
= – e Idt [P = VI] ⇒ = = −
v 30 30
LdI
= Idt ⇒ v = – 15 cm
dt
Hence, the final image is formed at a distance of
= LIdI
15 cm from the concave mirror, as shown in the
For total work from 0 to I0 current following figure.
W = ∫ dW −

Ie
= ∫0 LIdI −
I1 I2 15 cm
Io
I  2
20 cm
= L  
 2  0 30 cm
SOLVED PAPER - 2014 (PHYSICS)

Outside Delhi Set III Code No. 2/1/2

Note : Except for the following questions, all the * 18. Write the functions of the following in
remaining questions have been asked in communication systems: 3
previous set. (i) Receiver
1. A conducting loop is held below a current carrying
wire PQ as shown. Predict the direction of the (ii) Demodulator
induced current in the loop when the current in 19. A convex lens of focal length 20 cm is placed
the wire is constantly increasing  1 coaxially with a convex mirror of radius of
P Q
curvature 20 cm. The two are kept at 15 cm from
each other. A point object placed 40 cm in front
of the convex lens. Find the position of the image
formed by this combination. Draw a ray diagram
to show the formation.
Ans. Anticlock wise direction Ans. Given, A = – 40 cm and, f = 20 cm
From the lens formula, we have:
1 1 1
− =
v u f

1 1 1
⇒ = +
v f u
2. The graph shows variation of stopping potential
V0 versus frequency of incident radiation n for two 1 1 1
⇒ = +
photosensitive metals A and B. Which of the two v 20 ( −40 )
metals has higher threshold frequency and why?1
1 2 −1 1
Ans. Metal A has higher threshold frequency because ⇒ = =
v 40 40
from the graph it is clear that the minimum
frequency required to start photo emission is more ⇒ v = 40 cm
in A than that of B. The positive sign describes that the image is formed
5. Why do the electric field lines never cross each to the right of the lens.
other?1
Ans. At any point, if electric field lines cross each other
than two tangents can be drawn, it means at that
point there are two directions of electric field, which
is impossible.
6. To which part of the electromagnetic spectrum
does a wave of frequency 5 × 1011 Hz belong? 2
Ans. A wave of frequency 5 × 1011 Hz will belong to the
microwaves of electromagnetic spectrum. The image I1 is formed behind the mirror and thus
10. Estimate the average drift speed of conduction acts as a virtual source for the mirror. The convex
electrons in a copper wire of cross-sectional area mirror forms the image I2, whose distance from the
–7 2 mirror is given by:
2.5 × 10 m carrying a current of 2.7 A. Assume
the density of conduction electrons to be 9 × 1028 1 1 1
m–3.2 + =
v v f
I
Ans. We know that drift velocity, vd = Here: u = 25 cm
nAq
R
Where I is the current, n is charge density, q is f= = 10 cm
2
charge of electron and A is cross-sectional area.
27 1 1 1
vd = + =
9 × 10 28 × 2.5 × 10 −7 × 1.6 × 10 −19 v v f
–4
vd = 7.5 × 10 m/s 1 1 1
⇒ = −
or vd = 0.75 mm s–1 v f u
This is the required average drift velocity.

* Out of Syllabus
 Oswaal CBSE 10 Previous years’ Solved Papers, Class–12th

1 1 1 This force is towards Q to P.

⇒ = −
v 10 25 Thus, the free electrons will move towards P and
positive charge will appears at Q. An electrostatic
1 5−2 3
⇒ = = field E is developed within the wire from Q to P.
v 50 50
This field exerts a force.
⇒ v = + 16.67 cm → →
Hence, the final image is formed at a distance of Fe = q E

16.67 cm behind the convex mirror.
on each free electron. The charge keeps on gathering
until
→ →
Fb = Fe

→ → →
⇒ |q v × B | = |q E |

vB = E
After this, resultant force on the free electrons of
25. (a) A rod length 'l' is moved horizontally with a
the wire PQ becomes zero. The potential difference
uniform velocity 'v' in a direction perpendicular
between the ends Q and P is given by,
to its length through a region in which a uniform
V = El = vBl
magnetic field is acting vertically downward.
Thus, the potential difference is maintained by the
Derive the expression for the emf induced across
magnetic force on the moving free electron and
the ends of the rod.
hence, produces an emf. e = Bvl
(b) How does one understand this motional emf by (b) Lorentz force acting on a charge q which is moving
involving the Lorentz force acting on the free with a speed v in a (normal) uniform magnetic field
charge carriers of the conductor? Explain. 5 B, is Bqv.
Ans. (a) Consider a rod PQ of length l moving in a All the charges will experience the same force. Work
→ → done to move the charge from P to Q.
magnetic field B with a constant velocity v . The
W = Bqv × l
length of the rod is perpendicular to the magnetic
W Bqvl
field and also the velocity is perpendicular to both e= = = Blv
q q
the rod and field. The free electrons of the rod also
move at this velocity\overrightarrow{\mathrm{v}} * 26. (a) Show, giving via suitable diagram, how
because of which it experiences a magnetic force. unpolarized light can be polarised by reflection.
(b) Two polaroids P1 and P2 are placed with their pass
axes perpendicular to each other. Unpolarised light
of intensity I0 is incident on P1. A third polaroid P3
is kept in between P1 and P2 such that its pass axis
makes an angle of 60° with that of P1. Determine
the intensity of light transmitted through P1, P2
and P3.5



* Out of Syllabus