Psm
Psm
DR JATIN CHHAYA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE,
GMERS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JUNAGADH
Learning Objectives
⚫ Understand Hypothesis
⚫ Level of Significance
⚫ Standard Error
⚫ Significance Level with Normal Distribution Curve
⚫ Process of Hypothesis Testing, Z test and
Interpretation of Results
⚫ Calculation- Difference between Two Mean or Two
Proportion
What we Going to Understand..
⚫ Must be specific.
⚫ Stated as far as possible in most simple terms so that the same is easily
⚫ Responsive to testing with in a reasonable time. One can’t spend a life time
results is different from observed one) and we hold as true unless we have
can be written as
𝐻0:𝜇=𝜇0
Eg:
⚫ ‘there is no difference in the location of superstores and small grocers
shops’
⚫ ‘there is no connection between the size of farm and the type of farm’
Alternative hypothesis
𝐻𝑎:𝜇≠𝜇0
𝐻𝑎:𝜇>𝜇0
𝐻𝑎:𝜇<𝜇0
Level of significance
acceptable when
“Calculated Z value” is smaller than “table Z value” (means lesser than 1.96
times of SE at LOS 5%) and we accept the Null Hypothesis
“Calculated Z value” is Greater than “table Z value” (means greater than 1.96
times of SE at LOS 5%) and we Reject the Null Hypothesis
STANDARD ERROR OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TWO MEANS
⚫ In a nutritional study, 100 children were given usual diet and 100 were
A was 29kg with SD of 1.8kg and average weight of group B was 30kg
SD2= 2 n2 = 100
⚫ Ho: There is No Significant Difference between mean
weight in both of the group
⚫ H1: The difference observed in Mean is Significant
⚫ LOS : 0.05
As obtained value of z (3.7) is higher
than critical value (Z Table value at
LOS 5% is 1.96),
p= proportion of success
⚫ Z=p–P P = proportion of success in universal population
q= 100-p
SE (p) n = sample size
⚫ Z=p–P
√pq/n p= 35*100/120 =29%
P = 40%
q = 100-p= 100-29 = 71%
⚫ Z=p–P As obtained value of z (-2.65) is
higher than critical value (Z
√pq/n
Table value at LOS 5% is 1.96),
Z = 29 -40
√ 29 * 71/120 The observed difference is
significant, we Reject the Null
Z= 11/ √ 17.15 Hypothesis and accept the
⚫ School B:
n2= 200
P2 (probability of Succeess)= 44/200 *100 = 22%
Q2 = 100- 46= 88%
Calculate Z= 3.11
As obtained value of z (3.11) is
higher than critical Z value (Z
Table value at LOS 5% is 1.96),
Mean SD SE
Girls 147.4 Cm 6.6 cm 0.93
Boys 151.6 Cm 6.3 cm 0.89
Example..